Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 40, Issue 16, 5 August 2004
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Volume 40, Issue 16
5 August 2004
Editorial
- Author(s): P. Clarricoats
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, page: 971 –971
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20046379
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): T. Itoh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 972 –973
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20046267
- Type: Article
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Recent research activities on metamaterials, in particular left-handed materials, have not only demonstrated interesting physical phenomena but have also lead to the realisation of promising new types of high frequency components and devices. It is difficult but interesting to consider the prospects for these materials.
Invited paper: Prospects for metamaterials
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- Author(s): A.J. Farrall and P.R. Young
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 974 –975
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045505
- Type: Article
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Waveguide slot antennas integrated on microwave laminate are presented, and single and dual slot antennas are described, which operate at 10 GHz. - Author(s): L. Low and R.J. Langley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 975 –976
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045586
- Type: Article
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A vehicle diversity antenna system comprising a single-fed element together with a loaded parasitic element is described. Different termination loads on the parasitic element give rise to variations in the radiation patterns that are comparable with a four-element diversity system. There was good agreement between measured parameters and simulations.
Integrated waveguide slot antennas
Single feed antenna with radiation pattern diversity
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- Author(s): J. Hao and G. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 976 –977
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045498
- Type: Article
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A new efficient controller structure with maximum stability robustness is derived. This structure can be considered as an improved version of the ρ-realisation recently proposed by the authors. It is shown that the optimised structure can improve the stability performance more effectively with the extra freedom introduced and outperform both the optimal ρ-realisation and the fully parametrised optimal realisation significantly. - Author(s): S.S. Chughtai and N. Munro
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 978 –979
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040588
- Type: Article
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New linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are presented for robust stability of uncertain continuous-time systems. The LMIs do not involve any product of the Lyapunov matrix and the system dynamic matrix thus enables the checking of stability using parameter-dependent Lyapunov matrices. The condition is less conservative than previously presented conditions. The reduction in conservativeness is achieved by the introduction of an instrumental variable. A simple numerical example is given to illustrate the results.
Improved ρ-realisation for digital controller implementation
Robust stability condition for continuous-time systems
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- Author(s): T. Stefański and B.J. Janiczak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 979 –980
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045295
- Type: Article
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Results of modelling square-wave propagation along coupled coplanar transmission line with grounded centre strip conductor are presented. Improved agreement between numerical and experimental data for the near- and far-end crosstalk voltages has confirmed practical significance of inclusion of multimode propagation in non-ideally grounded coplanar lines.
Square-wave propagation along coupled coplanar transmission line
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- Author(s): T.J. Eom ; S.-J. Kim ; C.-S. Park ; B.H. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 981 –983
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045541
- Type: Article
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The generation of high-repetition-rate optical pulses using cascaded long-period fibre gratings is proposed. The pulse multiplication is realised by exploiting the difference in the propagation constant of the core and a cladding mode in a standard singlemode fibre. Two, four and eight times pulse multiplication have been successfully implemented with a minimum repetition period of 2.4 ps.
Generation of high-repetition-rate optical pulse using cascaded long-period fibre gratings
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- Author(s): J. Xie ; L.-T. Chia ; B.-S. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 983 –984
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045303
- Type: Article
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A new bit allocation scheme for fine-granular-scalability (FGS) video coding is proposed. Differing from traditional bit allocation schemes, the focus is on understanding the relationship between rate-distortion analysis and nonzero binary-scaled coefficients (NZBC) in the bitplane coding. An optimal strategy for NZBC coding is then derived and experimental results are given for a comparison of the new scheme with uniform bit allocation. - Author(s): T.-Z. Fang ; Z.-G. Hu ; W.-K. Jin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 984 –986
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040598
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A concept to simplify a triangle mesh image through its triangle list is introduced. On this basis, a single-resolution mesh data structure, which supports mesh image progressive transmission, is constructed, and the construction approach is considerably simple and applicable to arbitrary triangle mesh image. - Author(s): Y. Fu ; R. Shen ; H. Lu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 986 –987
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040600
- Type: Article
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A novel watermarking scheme based on the support vector machine is proposed. The watermark is embedded in the blue channel of a colour image. By applying the embedded extra reference watermark, the support vector machine is trained, and then the watermark can be extracted by the trained support vector machine. Owing to the good generalisation ability of the support vector machine, even when the watermarked image is heavily distorted the watermark can be successfully extracted. Experimental results show good robustness of the proposed scheme.
Optimal bit allocation for FGS coding
Progressive transmission of single-resolution mesh image
Watermarking scheme based on support vector machine for colour images
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- Author(s): Q.-H. Wang and M. Bass
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 987 –988
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045046
- Type: Article
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The structure and fabrication of a photo-luminescent screen for an optically written display based on upconversion of near infrared light is presented. Some of the rare earth doped fluoride crystals upconversion photo-luminescent materials are given. A uniform screen with a densely packed layer for high-resolution projection display was developed using the settling screening method.
Photo-luminescent screens for optically written displays based on upconversion of near infrared light
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- Author(s): Q.S. Song and S.-S. Song
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 989 –990
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045446
- Type: Article
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A novel high voltage output circuit with thick-gated LDMOSFETs is proposed to reduce the chip size and to improve the switching speed for the plasma display panels (PDP) driver IC. The chip size of the PDP driver IC using the proposed output circuit is reduced by 35% with a similar falling time compared with the conventional one. The falling time of the proposed output circuit is about 2.5 times faster than that of the conventional one under the same size when the supply voltage and load capacitance are 180 V and 100 pF, respectively.
High voltage output circuit using n- and n-LDMOSFET with thick gate oxide for PDP driver IC
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- Author(s): S.-H. Jeong ; S. Matsuo ; Y. Yoshikuni ; T. Segawa ; Y. Ohiso ; H. Suzuki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 990 –991
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045338
- Type: Article
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A dominant passband response has been achieved by chirping a ladder-type interferometric filter. This response is indispensable for obtaining a single lasing wavelength in a widely tunable laser diode employing a ladder-type filter. Chirping the device is not accompanied by any excess loss nor does it require any additional fabrication processes. - Author(s): A. Leinse ; M.B.J. Diemeer ; A. Driessen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 992 –993
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045654
- Type: Article
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A polymer channel waveguide was fabricated by reactive ion etching. Loss measurements were performed on this waveguide before and after reflowing. The waveguide loss decreases from 3 to 1 dB/cm by heating the sample slightly above the glass transition temperature of the core material. This result in channel loss is very close to the measured film losses of 0.8 dB/cm.
Chirped ladder-type interferometric filter for widely tunable laser diode
Scattering loss reduction in polymer waveguides by reflowing
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- Author(s): E. Skogen ; J. Raring ; S. DenBaars ; L. Coldren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 993 –994
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045232
- Type: Article
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A novel structure and method for fabricating regions of high and low modal gain on the same chip are reported, which enable diode lasers with maximum efficiency to be monolithically integrated with multiple-section semiconductor optical amplifiers having both high gain and high saturation power. This method uses quantum-well intermixing and an offset-quantum-well regrowth to achieve regions with high and low optical confinement. Fabry-Perot broad-area lasers were used to characterise the material in both regions. - Author(s): H.K. Nguyen ; M.H. Hu ; Y. Li ; X. Liu ; K.K. Song ; N.J. Visovsky ; R. Bhat ; C.-E. Zah
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 994 –996
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045224
- Type: Article
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The use of a thick quantum well enables coherence-collapse operation of a Bragg grating stabilised laser diode over 110°C temperature range, yielding 975 nm wavelength emission with >40 dB sidemode suppression ratio, <1% power variation, and fibre-output power as high as 293 mW at 15°C and 168 mW at 125°C.
Integration of high-gain and high-saturation-power active regions using quantum-well intermixing and offset-quantum-well regrowth
Wavelength and power stabilisation of uncooled 975 nm thick quantum well lasers over 110°C temperature range
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- Author(s): X.-S. Wu ; W.-Y. Chen ; X.-L. Zhao ; W.-P. Zhang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 996 –997
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040601
- Type: Article
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In a novel stator structure, the levitated, stability and rotating coils of a micromotor with an electromagnetically levitated rotor are separated and of multi-loop. This micromotor has improved stability, levitation and rotation performance. With current of appropriate value and frequency in the coils, the rotor of 2.2 mm diameter and 20 µm thick is levitated to a height of 300 µm, and its rotating speed can reach 1400 rpm.
Micromotor with electromagnetically levitated rotor using separated coils
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- Author(s): D. Pastor ; B. Ortega ; J. Capmany ; P.-Y. Fonjallaz ; M. Popov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 997 –999
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045500
- Type: Article
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A design of a tunable microwave photonic filter for noise suppression and channel interference mitigation in the front-end stage after the receiving antenna of an UMTS base station is presented. The filter provides a tunable and very high selective performance (5 MHz along the 1935–1977 MHz band) with 14 dB suppression in the stopband using 30 fibre Bragg gratings and a reconfigurable dispersive delay line. - Author(s): G. Ning ; S. Aditya ; P. Shum ; Y.D. Gong ; J.H. Ng ; G. Teo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 999 –1000
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045423
- Type: Article
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A tunable, stable, photonic microwave filter, using a linearly chirped grating in a double-pass configuration, is demonstrated to have a 45 dB notch rejection. This novel configuration overcomes chromatic dispersion and optical coherence interference.
Tunable microwave photonic filter for noise and interference suppression in UMTS base stations
Tunable photonic microwave filter with Hi-Bi chirped grating free from chromatic dispersion
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- Author(s): A. Nowbakht and J.W.M. Bergmans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1000 –1001
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045060
- Type: Article
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Frame synchronisation for a packet transmission system, in which the sync pattern is preceded by a known preamble, is considered. The correlation receiver uses an extended (or shortened) version of the sync pattern, which is called the detection pattern. This leads to a new criterion for designing optimum pairs of sync and detection patterns. The obtained patterns result in a normalised improvement of up to 3.91 dB over the known optimum patterns. - Author(s): M. Jiang and L. Hanzo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1002 –1003
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045630
- Type: Article
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A genetic algorithm assisted minimum mean-square error (MMSE) multi-user detector (MUD) is proposed for a turbo-trellis-coded modulation-based space division multiple access aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. The simulation results show that the system employing the concatenated MMSE-GA MUD was capable of achieving a similar performance to that attained by its optimum counterpart employing the maximum likelihood MUD, while maintaining a significantly lower complexity, especially when supporting a high number of users. - Author(s): J.P. Coon ; M.A. Beach ; J.P. McGeehan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1003 –1005
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045344
- Type: Article
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Optimal and sub-optimal linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) frequency-domain equalisers are derived for single-carrier systems employing unique-word based block transmissions. These equalisers differ from those presented in the literature for cyclic-prefix based systems. The effects of channel estimation on the performance of these equalisers are also addressed. It is shown that the proposed MMSE equaliser performs 2 dB better than the conventional MMSE equaliser. - Author(s): M.H.F. Leung and F.C.M. Lau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1005 –1006
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045642
- Type: Article
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A 33.6 kbit/s reference measurement channel is developed for testing the performance of the demodulator in the user equipment of the W-CDMA system. The performance of three different models of user equipment are measured and presented. - Author(s): A. Wolfgang ; S. Chen ; L. Hanzo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1006 –1007
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045374
- Type: Article
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A novel radial basis function network assisted decision-feedback aided space-time equaliser designed for receivers employing multiple antennas is presented. The proposed receiver structure outperforms the linear minimum mean-squared error benchmarker and is less sensitive to both error propagation and channel estimation errors. - Author(s): J.-C. Cousin and A. Benlarbi-Delaï
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1008 –1010
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040592
- Type: Article
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Numerical and wireless communications systems are led by the coherent frequency bandwidth (BC) of the propagation channel where the wireless link is considered. An original method is presented to achieve the BC of a channel having a Rice's statistic law (one or more paths are without reflection between transmitter and receiver) which is based on the mitigation, by using a microwave interferometric sensor and a narrowband multitone transmitter, of the phase difference error due to multipaths.
Design of optimum sync and detection patterns for frame synchronisation
Improved hybrid MMSE detection for turbo-trellis-coded modulation-assisted multi-user OFDM systems
Minimum mean-square error frequency-domain equalisation in unique-word based single-carrier systems
Protocol for measuring performance of demodulator in W-CDMA user equipment
Radial basis function network assisted space-time equalisation for dispersive fading environments
Rice statistical propagation channel sounding: coherence bandwidth measurement by microwave interferometric sensor
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- Author(s): W. Gappmair
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1010 –1011
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040599
- Type: Article
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Using two samples per symbol, the auto-covariance function of raised cosines is derived in closed form for one/two-dimensional signal constellations. The result is applied to the computation of the self-noise variance for feedback symbol-timing recovery with zero-crossing and Gardner detectors. - Author(s): T. Koike and S. Yoshida
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1011 –1012
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045216
- Type: Article
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Space-time coding (STC) employing ternary phase shift keying (TPSK) for highly reliable wireless communications is explored. STC-TPSK is one of the effective schemes for achieving coding gains without losing attractive features of TPSK, such as superior error rate performance and good spurious characteristics. This study verifies that STC-TPSK outperforms both STC-BPSK and STC-QPSK over Rayleigh fading channels.
Self-noise performance of zero-crossing and Gardner synchronisers applied to one/two-dimensional modulation schemes
Space-time trellis-coded ternary PSK for mobile communications
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- Author(s): D. Lu ; H. Zhang ; J.A. Gordon ; M. Fallahi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1013 –1014
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20040602
- Type: Article
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Second-harmonic generation in chromophore doped hybrid sol-gel is investigated. Blue light assisted corona poling is applied to hybrid sol-gel doped with Disperse Red 13 around the glass transition temperature. As a result a threefold enhancement in second-order nonlinear optical coefficient has been achieved.
Enhanced second-order nonlinearity by photoassisted poling of active hybrid sol-gel
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- Author(s): H. Takahashi ; R. Inohara ; M. Hattori ; K. Nishimura ; M. Usami
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1014 –1016
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045570
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A novel method to expand compensation bandwidth (CBW) of a tunable dispersion compensator based on ring resonators has been proposed and experimentally verified. The employment of negative group delay peak increased the ratio of CBW against the free spectral range (25 GHz) from 75 to 86%, and the improved dispersion compensation characteristics were confirmed by a 10 Gbit/s transmission experiment. - Author(s): H. Gebretsadik ; H.T. Foulk ; N.C. Frateschi ; W.-J. Choi ; S.V. Robertson ; A.E. Bond
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1016 –1017
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045656
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The 78-channel CATV performance of a packaged amplified electroabsorption modulator with high optical modulation index of 4.2%, CSO of −69 dBc, CTB of −38.5 dBc with no predistortion, measured at a CNR of 50 dB with −6.5 dBm received power, is presented. The device showed output power of >8.5 dBm and a low RIN of −162 db/Hz at the operating conditions. - Author(s): A.M. Liu ; C.Q. Wu ; M.S. Lim ; Y.D. Gong ; P. Shum
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1017 –1019
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045145
- Type: Article
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A novel optical buffer configuration based on a 3×3 collinear fibre coupler is presented. 100Mbit/s and 2.5Gbit/s data rate ‘storage and erasure’ operation have been demonstrated and more than 1ms storage time achieved.
Expansion of compensation bandwidth of tunable dispersion compensator based on ring resonators
Linearised integrated SOA-EA modulator for long-haul and FTTH CATV applications at 1.55 µm
Optical buffer configuration based on a 3×3 collinear fibre coupler
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- Author(s): M. Zegaoui ; J. Harari ; J.P. Vilcot ; F. Mollot ; D. Decoster ; H.W. Li ; J. Chazelas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1019 –1020
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045539
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Mach-Zehnder type interferometer measurements are used to determine the variation of the optical index and propagation loss. Devices are fabricated in InGaAsP/InP material line and experiments are performed at 1.3 and 1.55 µm wavelength. Combining static and dynamic measurements, the carrier life-time, the effective index and loss variation against injected current and carrier density were determined.
Determination of carrier-induced optical index and loss variations in GaInAsP/InP heterostructures from static and dynamic Mach-Zehnder interferometer measurements
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- Author(s): K. Ishii ; K. Sano ; K. Murata ; M. Ida ; K. Kurishima ; T. Shibata ; T. Enoki ; H. Sugahara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1020 –1021
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045280
- Type: Article
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A high-speed low-power decision circuit using InP/InGaAs double-heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) has been successfully designed and fabricated. The DHBTs exhibit a cutoff frequency fT and maximum oscillation frequency fmax of 232 and 360 GHz, respectively, at a collector current density of 2.5 mA/µm2. To boost the operating speed, a novel master–slave D-type flip-flop (MS-DFF) was used. Up to 90 Gbit/s operation was achieved with low power consumption of 0.5 W. These results demonstrate that InP-based DHBTs are attractive for making ultra-high-performance ICs for future optical communications systems operating at bit rates of 100 Gbit/s or more. - Author(s): L. Wang and R. Xu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1021 –1022
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045370
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An accurate extraction method of the parasitic series resistances and inductances for a GaAs HFET is presented. The measurement of S-parameters is under the condition of cold FET (vds=0 V, vgs=0 V), the extraction procedure is not a direct extraction method, but a based-on optimisation method using a genetic algorithm. Good agreement compared with measurement is achieved. - Author(s): D.C. Dumka ; C. Lee ; H.Q. Tserng ; P. Saunier ; M. Kumar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1023 –1024
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045292
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The first 10 GHz power performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on silicon substrate is reported. Molecular beam epitaxy grown AlGaN/GaN heterostructure and field-plate gates with 0.3 µm length are employed to fabricate the devices on 2-inch Si (111) substrates. A maximum current density of 850 mA/mm and an extrinsic transconductance of 220 mS/mm are achieved. Load pull measurements at 10 GHz demonstrate a continuous-wave output power density of 7 W/mm, which is the highest power density reported to date for an Si-based transistor. A peak power added efficiency of 52% is achieved for these devices at 10 GHz. - Author(s): A. Jaouad ; V. Aimez ; Ç. Aktik
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1024 –1026
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045328
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Passivation of GaAs by silicon nitride (SixNy) deposition using low-frequency PECVD (LF PECVD) is presented. The high amount of hydrogen implantation during this process enhances the passivation effect, demonstrating for the first time the unpinning of the Fermi level by a simple deposition of SixNy on a deoxidised GaAs surface. The (NH4)2S/SixNy passivation is also simplified, and MIS capacitors are fabricated by a novel process, which consists in exposing the GaAs surface directly to sulphur solution, without the usual deoxidation etching step, followed by the deposition of LF PECVD SixNy. Good modulation of the surface potential is observed, and the interface state density (Dit) as measured from 1 MHz C–V characteristics has a minimum of 3×1011 cm−2 eV−1. - Author(s): M. Arai ; S. Ono ; C. Kimura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1026 –1027
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045312
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SiC impact avalanche and transit time (IMPATT) diodes with a guard ring formed by vanadium ion implantation showed a peak output power of 1.8 W at 11.93 GHz. The guard ring reduced the electric field near the diode's periphery and reduced the device temperature.
90 Gbit/s 0.5 W decision circuit using InP/InGaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistors
Accurate extraction of parasitic series resistances and inductances for GaAs HFET
AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Si substrate with 7 W/mm output power density at 10 GHz
GaAs passivation by low-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition of silicon nitride
IMPATT oscillation in SiC p+-n−-n+ diodes with a guard ring formed by vanadium ion implantation
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- Author(s): S. Androulidakis ; D. Kagklis ; T. Doukoglou ; S. Skenter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 40, Issue 16, p. 1027 –1028
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20045247
- Type: Article
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Increasing demand for more upstream bandwidth as well as better symmetry in broadband access technologies (dictated partly by the ever increasing popularity of applications such as peer-to-peer networking) turns the attention of network access providers to the already established SHDSL and the emerging ADSL2 (Annex J/M) technologies. This report evaluates and compares these two alternatives with regard to their respective performance in relation to varying copper loop length. This comparison is based on actual measurements of bit rates, line attenuation and SNR levels for both technologies.
ADSL2 against SHDSL for symmetric broadband access networking
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