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0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 38, Issue 9, 25 April 2002
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Volume 38, Issue 9
25 April 2002
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- Author(s): Chih-Chun Tang ; Kun-Hsien Li ; Shen-Iuan Liu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 395 –396
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020286
- Type: Article
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A down-conversion mixer utilising the offset-cancelling technique to increase the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) is presented. The proposed offset-cancelling mixer has been fabricated in a 0.35 µm CMOS process and it can convert the 2.4 GHz RF signal to the 280 MHz IF one with 12 mW power consumption including the buffer. Compared with the non-offset-cancelling mixer, the proposed offset-cancelling mixer has the lower noise level. Experimental results show that the offset-cancelling mixer provides 45 dB CNR better than 34 dB CNR of the mixer without the offset-cancelling technique.
2.4 GHz offset-cancelling down-conversion mixer
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- Author(s): J.F. Duque-Carrillo ; J.M. Carrillo ; J.L. Ausı́N ; E. Sánchez-Sinencio
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 396 –397
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020277
- Type: Article
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A robust and universal circuit technique to maintain a constant transconductance, gm , in rail-to-rail amplifiers based on input stages made up of parallel-connected complementary differential pairs, is presented. The technique is universal, since it is valid regardless of the gm/ID characteristic of input devices. Also, the accuracy does not depend on any condition for matching n- to p-channel input transistors, which makes the technique robust. Experimental results obtained from a 0.8 µm CMOS test-chip prototype, are given.
Robust and universal constant-gm circuit technique
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- Author(s): S. Perri ; P. Corsonello ; G. Cocorullo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 397 –399
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020295
- Type: Article
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A new, highly reconfigurable carry-skip adder for media signal processing is presented. The proposed circuit can be partitioned to perform one 64-, two 32-, four 16- and eight 8-bit additions. Partitioning is obtained without increasing the critical path. When the AMS 0.35 µm two-poly three-metal 3.3 V CMOS (CSD) process is used to produce the layout, the worst propagation delay and dissipation obtained is about 6.5 ns and 148 µW/ MHz.
64-bit reconfigurable adder for low power media processing
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- Author(s): Kihyuk Sung ; Byung-Do Yang ; Lee-Sup Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 399 –400
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020293
- Type: Article
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A new interleaved synchronous mirror delay (SMD) is proposed to reduce circuit size. In addition, the proposed interleaved SMD solves the polarity problem with just one extra inverter. Simulation results show that about 30% power reduction and 40% area reduction are achieved in the proposed interleaved SMD.
Low power clock generator based on area-reduced interleaved synchronous mirror delay
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- Author(s): S.U. Hwu ; Y.C. Loh ; L.A. Johnson ; R.J. Panneton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 400 –402
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020299
- Type: Article
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p.
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Solar panel blockage is a major concern to the space station S-band communication link assessment. Solar array electromagnetic scattering characteristics at S-band frequencies (2–2.3 GHz) are investigated. Both experimental and computational results indicate the solar array can be modelled as a conducting plate for S-band communication link signal strength predictions.
Solar array electromagnetic scattering characteristics at S-band frequencies
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- Author(s): S. Doucet ; R. Slavı́K ; S. Larochelle
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 402 –403
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020289
- Type: Article
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Filters with 100 GHz free spectral range (FSR) and finesse up to 16 are demonstrated over the 1525 to 1583 nm band. The photoinduced birefringence results in a polarisation-dependent spectral response. Finesse and FSR uniformity are addressed. - Author(s): M.D. Mermelstein ; C. Headley ; J.-C. Bouteiller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 403 –405
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020280
- Type: Article
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A numerical analysis is presented that models the relative intensity noise transferred from a Raman pump to a signal laser in an optical fibre. The analysis is valid in both the pump-depletion and non-depletion regimes. The RIN requirements for a 0.1 dB Q-penalty in the pump depletion regime are similar to those in the non-depletion regime, exhibiting a RIN requirement reduction of only 3–4 dB/Hz. - Author(s): K. Takada ; M. Abe ; T. Shibata ; K. Okamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 405 –406
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020284
- Type: Article
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p.
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An optical multi/demultiplexer with 2010 channels for 10 Gbit/s transmission which covers the whole low-loss fibre wavelength range from 1.26 to 1.63 µm is described. It was achieved using a three-stage tandem configuration that used arrayed-waveguide gratings with Gaussian passbands. - Author(s): P.Z. Zatta and D.C. Hall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 406 –408
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020278
- Type: Article
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p.
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A two-stage ultra-high-stability Er3+-doped superfluorescent fibre source for fibre optic gyroscopes is presented. Versatile tunability of the output characteristics against fibre length and pump conditions enables minimisation of all temperature-induced instabilities.
High-finesse large band Fabry-Perot fibre filter with superimposed chirped Bragg gratings
RIN transfer analysis in pump depletion regime for Raman fibre amplifiers
Three-stage ultra-high-density multi/demultiplexer covering low-loss fibre transmission window 1.26–1.63 µm
Ultra-high-stability two-stage superfluorescent fibre sources for fibre optic gyroscopes
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- Author(s): K. Seth and S. Srinivasan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 408 –409
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020291
- Type: Article
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p.
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A new memory data scheduling scheme is used for designing a two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2D-DWT) core for ASIC implementation. This scheme reduces by 20 to 30% the overall switching activity in the 2D-DWT core and hence leads to lower power consumption at the expense of a slight reduction in the quality of reconstructed images and a slight increase in the chip area. This scheme is particularly useful in applications such as wireless Internet and laptop computers, in which picture quality can be traded-off for reduced power consumption. - Author(s): J. Pons ; J. Prades-Nebot ; A. Albiol ; J. Molina
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 409 –411
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020290
- Type: Article
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p.
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–411
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A fast algorithm to detect motion in the compressed domain for video surveillance is presented. The algorithm partially decompresses the video bit stream and performs motion detection from its quantised discrete cosine transform coefficients. Its very low computational cost makes this algorithm very useful when real-time motion detection has to be performed simultaneously in several video bit streams. - Author(s): Wang Shengqian ; Zhou Yuanhua ; Zou Daowen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 411 –412
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020292
- Type: Article
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p.
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–412
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A new wavelet shrinkage denoising algorithm for an image is presented, which is based on the local characteristic of an image. The proposed algorithm efficiently reduces noise and achieves better peak signal-to-noise ratio than in previous work. It is shown that this method can reduce noise for low SNR images.
Data scheduling scheme for power reduction in DWT-based image coders
Fast motion detection in compressed domain for video surveillance
Local characteristic based wavelet shrinkage denoising algorithm
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- Author(s): A.W. Dent
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 412 –413
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020288
- Type: Article
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p.
412
–413
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A chosen ciphertext attack against an implementation of EPOC-2 in which it is possible to tell for what reason the decryption of a given ciphertext fails is presented.
Implementation attack against EPOC-2 public-key cryptosystem
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- Author(s): J.C. Price
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 413 –415
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020298
- Type: Article
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p.
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The frequency dependence of the resistance of commercial 1–1000 GΩ electrometer resistors has been measured from 30 Hz to 30 kHz. When scaled appropriately, the data for devices of similar geometry fall on a single curve, indicating that the frequency dependence is due to distributed capacitance, rather than to frequency dependence of the resistivity. The results are important for understanding noise performance when these devices are used as gate bias resistors in low-noise junction field effect transistor circuits.
Frequency dependence of glass encapsulated electrometer resistors
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- Author(s): Y. Jitsumatsu and T. Kohda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 415 –416
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020276
- Type: Article
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p.
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–416
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The distribution of self-interferences of an incompletely synchronised correlator within a fraction of a chip in an asynchronous DS/CDMA system using spreading sequences (SS) codes generated by Markov chains is considered. The resulting expressions for BER lead to a conclusion that SS codes with Markovity look promising.
Bit error rate of incompletely synchronised correlator in asynchronous DS/CDMA system using SS Markovian codes
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- Author(s): F.A. Flood
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 416 –418
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020318
- Type: Article
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p.
416
–418
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A 20 Gbit/s subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) optical transmission system is presented. To date, this represents the highest aggregate bit rate SCM transmission that has been demonstrated. Results show that the bit error rate (BER) is less than 10−12 for a link loss of 29.5 dB, which corresponds to 118 km single mode fibre (SMF). Furthermore, excellent performance is demonstrated after transmission over 82 km of dispersion compensated SMF. Results suggest that the system can support transmission over multiple spans of optical fibre. - Author(s): Sung-Bum Park and Chang-Hee Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 418 –419
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020300
- Type: Article
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p.
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–419
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A numerical demonstration is presented of the reduction of both the chirp-induced dispersion penalty and the extinction ratio penalty in directly modulated metro-wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) transmission systems by a spectral filtering method. The pre-filtering method suppresses nonlinear effects and gives better performance. - Author(s): T. Ohyama ; Y. Akahori ; T. Yamada ; M. Ishii ; S. Kamei ; Y. Sakai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 419 –421
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020296
- Type: Article
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p.
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A compact 8-channel hybrid integrated multiwavelength photoreceiver module has been fabricated. The module, which consists of an arrayed-waveguide grating demultiplexer with a 100 GHz spacing, a photodiode array using a planar lightwave circuit platform, and preamplifier integrated circuits, successfully operated at 2.5 Gbit/s with good receiver sensitivity better than −17.5 dBm at a bit error rate of 10−9 for all channels.
Demonstration of 20 Gbit/s subcarrier multiplexed transmission system
Enhancement of system performance in directly modulated metro-WDM systems by a spectral filtering method
8-channel×2.5 Gbit/s hybrid integrated multiwavelength photoreceiver module with arrayed-waveguide grating demultiplexer
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- Author(s): J.Y. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 421 –423
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020301
- Type: Article
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p.
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–423
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A new single-phase single-stage power factor correction converter with a simple auxiliary circuit is proposed. Using parallel power processing, this converter can be operated in wide line and load changes while limiting the link voltage below 400 V. Experimental results show that the measured power factor and efficiency are about 0.98 and 81%, respectively, at rated condition and the auxiliary circuit to reduce the link voltage is effective.
Single-stage power factor correction converter with parallel power processing for wide line and load changes
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- Author(s): P. Arasaratnam ; S. Zhu ; A.G. Constantinides
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 423 –425
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020165
- Type: Article
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p.
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In a multi-user direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system, retrieval of transmitted signals with a conventional receiver is difficult when there is chip asynchronism, multipath propagation and the associated near-far problem. Results presented show that despite these problems an adaptive linear receiver based on a mixed cross correlation and constant modulus algorithm (CC-CMA) has the potential to retrieve all users simultaneously. Compared with the conventional CC-CMA algorithm, the proposed algorithm achieves faster convergence. Simulations support the improved convergence properties of the algorithm. - Author(s): G. Liu ; J.T. Ong ; E. Choo ; C.L. Law
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 425 –426
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020287
- Type: Article
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p.
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–426
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Three-year experimental data on rain attenuation is employed to analyse fade slopes for four terrestrial line of sight (LOS) systems in Singapore. The statistical results of fade slope are presented on both cumulative probability distributions during rain events and relationships with fade level for fade countermeasure. A fade slope occurrence prediction model is also provided for short links based on point rainfall rate. - Author(s): P.B. Darwood ; P.D. Alexander ; I.J. Oppermann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 426 –428
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020297
- Type: Article
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p.
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An iterative multi-user detector for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) signals that is able to operate under highly loaded conditions with a non-binary modulation scheme is presented. The results presented demonstrate that the receiver is able to achieve near single-user bit error rate performance.
Block-Shanno multi-user constant modulus algorithm for use in multi-user CDMA environment
Fade slope for four LOS links in Singapore: analyses and prediction
High spectral efficiency iterative multi-user detection for CDMA
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- Author(s): M.M. Wong ; U. Chowdhury ; D. Sicault ; D.T. Becher ; J.C. Denyszyn ; T.G. Zhu ; M. Feng ; R.D. Dupuis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 428 –429
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020247
- Type: Article
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p.
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–429
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The performance of an innovative delta-doped AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET) structure is reported. The epitaxial heterostructures were grown on semi-insulating SiC substrates by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. These structures exhibit a maximum carrier mobility of 1058 cm2/V s and a sheet carrier density of 2.35×1013 cm−2 at room temperature, corresponding to a large nsμn product of 2.49×1016 V s. HFET devices with 0.25 µm gate length were fabricated and exhibited a maximum current density as high as 1.5 A/mm (at VG=+1 V) and a peak transconductance of gm=240 mS/mm. High-frequency device measurements yielded a cutoff frequency of ft ≃50 GHz and maximum oscillation frequency fmax≃130 GHz. - Author(s): Jiansheng Xu and M. Jamal Deen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 429 –431
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020282
- Type: Article
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p.
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A new 1/f noise model for MOSFETs in the linear region, based on the Hooge mobility fluctuation noise expression, is presented. Simulation results for the new model are in good agreement with experimental results; thus, the new model can be used to predict and estimate the 1/f noise performance for p-MOSFET devices. - Author(s): N. Stojadinovic ; S. Djoric-Veljkovic ; I. Manic ; V. Davidovic ; S. Golubovic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 431 –432
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020281
- Type: Article
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p.
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The effects of pre-irradiation gate bias stress on the radiation response of power VDMOSFETs are presented, clearly demonstrating the inapplicability of gate bias stressing as a technique for radiation hardening of power MOSFETs. - Author(s): C.S. Oh ; J.W. Seo ; J.W. Yang ; H.G. Ahn ; J.K. Mun ; H.C. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 432 –434
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020302
- Type: Article
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p.
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Selective Si interdiffusion into ion implanted GaAs from SiN encapsulation was observed and a GaAs MESFET with a highly conductive layer was developed using the interdiffusion. During the annealing of implanted 29Si at 950°C, Si was selectively diffused into the ion implanted region from SiN encapsulation and formed a highly conductive layer near the surface. The diffused Si improved the ohmic contact resistivity and electrical characteristics of the MESFET.
Delta-doped AlGaN/AlN/GaN microwave HFETs grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition
MOSFET 1/f noise model based on mobility fluctuation in linear region
Radiation hardening of power MOSFETs using electrical stress
Selective Si interdiffusion into ion implanted GaAs from SiN and its application to GaAs MESFET
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- Author(s): N. Ruiz ; M. Rosa ; F. López ; P. Vera
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 434 –435
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020294
- Type: Article
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p.
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A new algorithm for achieving flexible tiling of the time axis for audio coding purposes is presented. It is based on the calculus of the distances among a predetermined number of time-frequency pairs. From the computed distances, a clustering process determines the final subdivision of each audio frame. Experimental results demonstrates the good performance of the proposed algorithm, which provides high coding efficiency with a reduced complexity. - Author(s): Jae-Chon Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 435 –437
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020223
- Type: Article
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p.
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A study is made of how to efficiently realise the adaptive digital filters the inputs of which are N level data such as in data echo cancellation and decision-feedback equalisation. It is shown that those adaptive filters with M weights can be realised using a lookup table with size of 2M compared to that of N M in the direct form table structure when the underlying channels are assumed linear. - Author(s): P. Sun ; J.F. Zhang ; D.J. Zhang ; Q.H. Wu ; S. Potts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 437 –438
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020215
- Type: Article
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A novel method, based on morphological signal decomposition, to identify the power transformer magnetising inrush current waveform is presented. - Author(s): H.S. Park and S.W. Nam
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 38, Issue 9, p. 438 –440
- DOI: 10.1049/el:20020279
- Type: Article
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p.
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A new adaptive time-delay estimation procedure is proposed for accurate target detection even in the case of low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). For that purpose, M-band wavelet transform and projection cross-correlation are employed to provide effective signal decorrelation and SNR improvement.
Algorithm for achieving adaptive tiling of time axis for audio coding purposes
Lookup table realisation of adaptive digital filters with data inputs having multiple levels
Morphological identification of transformer magnetising inrush current
Time-delay estimation using M-band wavelet transform and projection cross-correlation
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