Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 35, Issue 17, 19 August 1999
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Volume 35, Issue 17
19 August 1999
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- Author(s): J.M. González ; M. Navarro ; C. Puente ; J. Romeu ; A. Aguasca
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1393 –1394
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990943
- Type: Article
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The surface current distribution of a Sierpinski fractal antenna shows a self-similar behaviour determined by the self-similar properties of its geometry. The application of infra-red thermography to electromagnetic near field detection allows the experimental verification of the active region scaling of a fractal antenna operating at different bands. - Author(s): O. Lafond ; M. Himdi ; J.P. Daniel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1394 –1395
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990970
- Type: Article
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The finite thickness of the ground plane is taken into account in the cavity model to analyse some aperture coupled microstrip patch antennas at millimetre-wave frequencies (60 GHz). The thickness has a strong effect on impedance matching at high frequencies owing to the ratio between the thickness and the wavelength, which increases with frequency. The calculated results are compared to those obtained by experiment for several antennas with different input impedances due to different slot lengths. Close agreement is found between the calculated and experimental results. - Author(s): J.A. Rodríguez ; F. Ares ; E. Moreno ; G. Franceschetti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1396 –1397
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990971
- Type: Article
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By using an appropriate objective function, simulated annealing is found to prevent the presence of weakly excited slots in feed-matched waveguide slot arrays designed to produce demanding power patterns. - Author(s): G.P. Srivastava ; S. Bhattacharya ; S.K. Padhi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1397 –1399
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990876
- Type: Article
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A simple design for a dual-band microstrip antenna operating at 3 GHz is presented. The dual band operation is obtained when the antenna is loaded with a cross-line shorted with a ground plane at one end. The frequency separation is found to be very sensitive to the position of the cross-line. - Author(s): YeunjeongKim ; WansukYun ; YoungjoongYoon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1399 –1400
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990995
- Type: Article
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A wideband microstrip antenna with dual-frequency and dual-polarisation operation is proposed and designed to enable the transmission and reception of differently polarised wideband signals simultaneously with a single antenna system. The measured bandwidths for 15 dB return loss at dual frequencies are 9.02 and 12.4%, respectively. - Author(s): G. Manara ; A. Monorchio ; R. Mittra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1400 –1401
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990991
- Type: Article
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An optimisation procedure based on the genetic algorithm is applied to the design of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) fabricated by printed circuit technology. The inclusion of the shape of the mask in the set of parameters controlling the optimisation scheme enables the requisite frequency and polarisation performance to be obtained. - Author(s): Chi ChungYang ; Wing-LeChan ; Wing ShingChan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1401 –1403
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990959
- Type: Article
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The cancellation of inter-modulation distortion (IMD) using linearisation techniques has traditionally been performed at the amplifier. The authors present a circular patch antenna operating at 1.93 GHz, which also functions as a four way combiner and an IMD cancellation circuit. - Author(s): C. Rieckmann ; M.R. Rayner ; C.G. Parini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1403 –1404
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990967
- Type: Article
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For a tri-reflector compact antenna test range (CATR) with spherical main reflector and shaped subreflectors, the cross-polarisation performance is optimised, based on the beam-mode expansion method. For optimal designs, physical optics (PO) calculations of the quiet zone fields are presented, and it is shown that a tradeoff has to be made between a low cross-polarisation level and a low amplitude ripple in the quiet zone.
Active zone self-similarity of fractal-Sierpinski antenna verified using infra-red thermograms
Aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna with thick ground plane in millimetre waves
Design of shunt slot arrays without weak excitations
Dual band tunable microstrip patch antenna
Dual-frequency and dual-polarisation wideband microstrip antenna
Frequency selective surface design based on genetic algorithm
Low IMD, antenna combined, circularly polarised, integrated antenna
Optimisation of cross-polarisation performance for tri-reflector CATR with spherical main reflector
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- Author(s): K.K.M.B.D. Silva ; A.V. Zvyagin ; D.D. Sampson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1404 –1406
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990989
- Type: Article
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A new configuration of a rapid scanning optical delay line for use in the interferometric optical imaging of macroscopic biological specimens, in vivo, is presented. A linear delay of 2.3 cm in air, scanned at a velocity of 1 m/s, with uniform intensity and near 100% duty cycle is demonstrated.
Extended range, rapid scanning optical delay line for biomedical interferometric imaging
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- Author(s): SeonghearnLee and Hyun KyuYu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1406 –1407
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990980
- Type: Article
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The serious problem caused by the extraction of MOSFET parameters using a conventional small-signal model is addressed. It is overcome by developing an improved small-signal model where the drain-bulk junction capacitance is connected to the external source. The model is validated by finding model parameters exhibiting frequency independence while maintaining their physical character, using a modified direct extraction approach. - Author(s): Y. Maidon ; Y. Deval ; F. Badets ; J.B. Begueret
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1407 –1409
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991004
- Type: Article
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A CMOS built-in current sensor is proposed which is suitable for very low power supply current monitoring and low power supply voltage mixed circuits. It takes advantage of the parasitic resistor attached to an interconnection layer. Analysis and simulations reveal that the transducer is accurate, linear, transparent, highly sensitive and versatile. Process dependencies are taken into account. The sensor was fabricated in 0.6 µm technology and the characterising measurements are reported. - Author(s): K. Leelavattananon ; C. Toumazou ; J.B. Hughes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1409 –1410
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990992
- Type: Article
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The compatibility of the switched-capacitor technique with standard digital CMOS processes utilising MOSFET gate capacitance has recently been investigated. Owing to its high voltage-dependence, a technique for enhancing linearity which is suitable for non-delay-free circuits is proposed. The technique was verified by simulation to demonstrate its effectiveness for linearity improvement. - Author(s): A. McCowen and B.G. Salman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1410 –1412
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991002
- Type: Article
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A method in which 2D sheet-impedance elements are used to represent the finite-size dielectric substrate of an ungrounded PCB within a full wave 3D moment-method analysis (MoM) is presented. The use of these 2D elements significantly reduces both the core-memory demands and the CPU requirements of the MoM by an order of magnitude, with little compromise in accuracy. - Author(s): Jae hunChoi and GuanghuiHu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1412 –1413
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991024
- Type: Article
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Single-end domino logic is widely used in high-performance processor designs. A new structure for high-speed single-end domino logic is presented which minimises both the precharge and the evaluation times. The new structure based on transition-forwarding and the steepest descent technique achieves a ~47% increase in speed over improved domino logic. - Author(s): C.T. Jin ; P.L. Rolandi ; P.H.W. Leong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1413 –1414
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990998
- Type: Article
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Analogue VLSI circuit elements for producing and processing pulses with programmable time delays are described. The elements can be interconnected to implement pulse computations or spiking neurons. As an example, the basic operation of a scale-invariant template matching system using coincidence detection is demonstrated. - Author(s): G. Vannini ; F. Filicori ; P. Traverso
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1415 –1416
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990941
- Type: Article
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A simple and efficient approach is proposed for the intermodulation analysis of nonlinear microwave circuits. The algorithm, which is based on a very mild assumption about the frequency response of the linear part of the circuit, allows for a reduction in computing time and memory requirement. Moreover, it can be easily implemented using any conventional tool for harmonic-balance circuit analysis.
Accurate high-frequency equivalent circuit model of silicon MOSFETs
Adaptive architecture for CMOS BICS
Balanced compensation for highly linear MOSFET gate capacitor branch
Efficient modelling of finite-size ungrounded PCBs with a full wave 3D moment-method analysis
High-speed domino logic based on transition-forwarding and steepest-descent method
Non-volatile programmable pulse computation cell
Tool for efficient intermodulation analysis using conventional HB packages
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- Author(s): LeiWan ; I.G. Gosling ; V.K. Dubey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1416 –1418
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990999
- Type: Article
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Much interest has been shown in employing LEO satellite communication systems. A novel algorithm is proposed for adaptive bit loading (multilevel modulation assignment) between COFDM subcarriers in a frequency selective fading channel. Two-dimensional alignment has been carried out. The system performance is greatly improved at low elevation angles compared to that using fixed bit loading. Furthermore, the comparison shows that this adaptive bit loading COFDM system is suitable for frequency selective slow fading channels, which have time-varying deep nulls in the frequency response. - Author(s): F. Pedersini ; A. Sarti ; S. Tubaro
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1418 –1419
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990933
- Type: Article
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A block-wise approach to sound synthesis based on nonlinear wave digital modelling is proposed. Starting from a semantic description of the physical model, the technique generates, validates and initialises appropriate simulation source code with time-varying parameters. - Author(s): N. Grami and S.A. Al-Semari
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1419 –1421
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991000
- Type: Article
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The throughput performance of slotted ALOHA in radio environments characterised by Nakagami fading and the user spatial distribution is analysed. The effect of shadowing on Nakagami fading is also evaluated and generalised throughput expressions are presented. - Author(s): S.L. Loyka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1421 –1422
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990987
- Type: Article
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The BLAST architecture has been recently proposed as an extremely efficient tool for wireless communications in rich multipath environments. However, the channel capacity of the BLAST architecture strongly depends on the correlation between individual channels. The author reports an explicit closed-form expression of the channel capacity of a two-antenna BLAST architecture as a function of the channel correlation. - Author(s): M.J. Gans ; Y.S. Yeh ; N. Amitay ; R.A. Valenzuela
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1422 –1424
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990996
- Type: Article
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The importance of the incident power density pattern (IPDP) for future fixed wireless loop (FWL) systems is discussed. Also an investigation into some of the important S/I implications of the IPDP for proper system capacity simulations is presented - Author(s): C. Tellambura and A. Annamalai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1424 –1425
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990949
- Type: Article
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A recent work provides two proofs for Craig's formula, which is an integral formula for the Gaussian probability density function. It also highlights the fact the original proof of the Craig formula is somewhat unclear. The authors of the work provide two proofs, one based on the Stieltjes transform of a Gaussian pulse and another based on the moment generation function (MGF) of a unit Gaussian random variable (GRV). Another integral formula for Q(x) based on the characteristic function (CHF) of a unit GRV is also provided. This formula can be applied to the analysis of coherent predetection equal-gain combining diversity receivers. - Author(s): Sang KyuPark and Ho SungNam
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1425 –1427
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991014
- Type: Article
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Closed-loop power control in the reverse link of a DS/CDMA system is analysed. The transmitter/receiver based on IS-95 and the radio propagation channel under mobile communication environments are modelled and a new power control algorithm is proposed. This algorithm utilises the burst error characteristics of the channel and can be directly applied to the current IS-95 system. The new power control algorithm, with respect to the SIR (signal to interference ratio), increases the service quality, and finally, enhances the system capacity. - Author(s): B.M. Popović
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1427 –1428
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991019
- Type: Article
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A special set of orthogonal Golay complementary sequences is proposed for inclusion in the third generation cellular standard, to be used as the set of synchronisation preambles for the random access channel. Besides excellent correlation properties, such sequences offer an efficient hardware implementation of the corresponding correlators, which is based on the so-called efficient Golay correlator (EGC). This kind of correlator is derived here. - Author(s): L. Öktem and J. Astola
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1428 –1429
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990969
- Type: Article
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A lossless compression algorithm for compressing locally stationary binary data is introduced. The algorithm is based on enumerative coding. It has low complexity, and experimental results indicate that it has good compression performance for locally stationary binary data. - Author(s): S. Choi and A. Cichocki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1429 –1430
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990985
- Type: Article
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A hybrid network is presented which performs blind deconvolutions of linear MIMO systems. The hybrid network consists of a feedforward network followed by a feedback network, where each of the synapses is represented by an FIR filter. The FIR synapses in the feedforward network are learned by a Godard cost based algorithm and the FIR synapses in the feedback network are updated by a spatio-temporal decorrelation algorithm so that different sources are recovered at different output nodes. An efficient spatio-temporal decorrelation algorithm based on the natural gradient is presented. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by computer simulations. - Author(s): H.O. Awadalla ; L.G. Cuthbert ; J.A. Schormans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1430 –1432
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991001
- Type: Article
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A scheduling scheme for multimedia traffic over ATM-based TDMA satellite networks is proposed. This scheduling scheme is based on controlled alternation of the priorities of the best effort and delay sensitive connections in the scheduling process. Simulation experiments show that the delay performance of best effort connections is greatly enhanced with minimal effect on the cell loss performance of delay sensitive connections. - Author(s): Kuo-ChangHuang ; Shin-LunTung ; Yau-TarngJuang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1432 –1434
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990982
- Type: Article
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A mean vector compensation technique based on the projection-based group delay scheme has been combined with a semi-continuous HMM to improve the recognition rate in noisy environments. The proposed approach compensates the mean vector using a projection-based scale factor and the bias estimated from the training and/or testing data to balance the mismatch between different environments. Experiments show that the significant improvement in speaker-dependent, isolated word recognition was achieved by adding the projection-based scale factor and mean vector bias. - Author(s): KyeounsooKim and P.A. Beerel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1434 –1435
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990910
- Type: Article
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A low-overhead MSB-controlled inversion coding technique for reducing the transition activity in a matrix transposer is proposed. A family of designs is identified in which this technique is applied to different bit slices of the matrix data and the optimal design within the family is determined using transition activity analysis for DCT and IDCT applications. - Author(s): X. Gui ; E. Gunawan ; V.K. Dubey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1435 –1437
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990896
- Type: Article
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Analytical bit error rate (BER) results of a chip-interleaving direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum (SS) system using nonlinearity in the presence of pulsed interference are presented. Several simple nonlinearities, such as hole puncher, soft clipper, and hard limiter nonlinearities, are studied. The BERs of conventional DS SS system employing the same nonlinearities are also given. The proposed system is compared with the conventional DS SS system using numerical examples. - Author(s): Hyunduk Kang and Kiseon Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1437 –1438
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991006
- Type: Article
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A new rate management scheme, termed rate-based grouping transmission (RGT), is proposed for an integrated voice/data DS-CDMA system. The RGT scheme schedules the transmission rate of each data user to be either the maximum rate or the minimum rate, to increase the average throughput of the data users at the cost of increases in the scheduling delay and hardware complexity. - Author(s): Hyoung-kyu Song
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1438 –1440
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991007
- Type: Article
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A timing synchroniser technique utilising a reliability check and smoothing algorithm is proposed for a TDMA receiver. The reliability check method extends the usefulness of this algorithm into the low SNR region. A smoothing scheme is carried out by a first-order filter with an asymmetric step size. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is adequate for timing recovery in TDMA modems. - Author(s): T. Widdowson and L. Noel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1440 –1441
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990994
- Type: Article
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A broadband 64 kbit/s DS-CDMA overlay in the same frequency space as a GSM signal has been implemented experimentally in a fading environment. With a single CDMA user, error-free operation of both systems was demonstrated over a 39 and 58 dB dynamic range for the uplink and the downlink, respectively. The work utilised a novel CDMA receiver architecture that enabled a 30 dB digital notch filter to be applied at RF. This represents the first experimental demonstration of a true GSM network overlay in a realistic radio channel.
Adaptive bit loading scheme using COFDM at low elevation over LEO satellite communication channel
Block-wise physical model synthesis for musical acoustics
Capacity of slotted ALOHA under Nakagami fading with near-far and shadowing effects
Channel capacity of two-antenna BLAST architecture
Co-channel interference in high capacity fixed wireless loops (FWL)
Derivation of Craig's formula for Gaussian probability function
DS/CDMA closed-loop power control with adaptive algorithm
Efficient Golay correlator
Hierarchical enumerative coding of locally stationary binary data
Hybrid learning approach to blind deconvolution of linear MIMO systems
Improving the delay performance of ‘best effort’ traffic over ATM satellite networks
Mean compensation based on projection-based group delay scheme for noisy speech recognition
MSB-controlled inversion coding for a low-power matrix transposer
Performance of chip-interleaving DS SS system with nonlinearity under pulsed interference
Throughput enhancement scheme for integrated voice/data DS-CDMA system: Rate-based grouping transmission
Timing synchroniser with reliability check scheme and smoothing filter
Uplink and downlink experimental CDMA overlay of GSM network in fading environment
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- Author(s): H.J. Mattausch
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1441 –1443
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990974
- Type: Article
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A two-level hierarchy is exploited for an area-efficient integrated N-port memory architecture, based on 1-port memory cells. The architecture is applicable to all types of dynamic, static and nonvolatile memory. It allows simultaneous read/write access from all ports, with access-rejection probability adjustable to application needs. - Author(s): L. Chang ; C. Kuo ; ChenmingHu ; A. Kalnitsky ; A. Bergemont ; P. Francis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1443 –1445
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990983
- Type: Article
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A low-cost non-volatile memory device using a standard CMOS process without additional processing steps is investigated for embedded applications. The cell consists of a PMOS transistor in which no electrical contact is made to the gate electrode and a series NMOS access transistor. Experimental data show that sufficient read current and disturb lifetime can be achieved. Data retention characteristics are also examined.
Hierarchical architecture for area-efficient integrated N-port memories with latency-free multi-gigabit per second access bandwidth
Non-volatile memory device with true CMOS compatibility
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- Author(s): J. Wapakabulo and P.N. Murgatroyd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1445 –1446
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991028
- Type: Article
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Ordinary Rogowski coils with spiral windings and axial returns give interfering signals when exposed to non-uniform fields of non-enclosed conductors. A new structure, using multistranded tubular braids of insulated wires, shows, significant improvement in rejecting signals from nearby conductors. - Author(s): K.Y. See
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1446 –1447
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990968
- Type: Article
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A novel network is developed for conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) diagnosis. Using the network together with the line impedance stabilisation network (LISN), common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) conducted EMI are discriminated from each other. This capability allows conducted EMI diagnosis to be carried out efficiently. - Author(s): J. Chebil and T.Abd. Rahman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1447 –1449
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990936
- Type: Article
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A study of the worst-month rainfall rate statistics for the Malaysian environment is presented. Rain rate data with 1 min integration time were collected in the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and the Universiti Sains Malaysia. The relationship between the worst-month and the yearly probabilities is presented and the ITU-R model verified. For better precision, new values are proposed for the parameters Q1 and β in Malaysia.
Braid Rogowski coil
Network for conducted EMI diagnosis
Worst-month rain statistics for radiowave propagation study in Malaysia
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- Author(s): H. Liu ; N. Ansari ; Y.Q. Shi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1449 –1450
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990931
- Type: Article
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Self-similar processes, modulated according to the MPEG GOP (group of pictures) structure, are proposed to accurately capture both the SRD (short range dependency) and LRD (long range dependency) of MPEG video traffic. - Author(s): E.R. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1450 –1451
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991003
- Type: Article
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It is shown that isotropic masks can be used for the efficient detection of linear features in digital images. Early tests have shown useful performance when applied to the task of locating insects in grain. This work should also be valuable in other applications where line features have to be located, and also those where thin lines have to be tracked, such as document interpretation and PCB inspection. - Author(s): KuiZhang and J. Kittler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1452 –1453
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991022
- Type: Article
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It has been shown that a background memory can be used to improve the coding efficiency of a video codec. However, this solution is restricted to sequences with a stationary background. Such a restriction seriously limits the application of the background memory scheme. The authors combine the long-term memory scheme with a multiple-thread memory mechanism to boost the coding efficiency for a much wider application range. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. - Author(s): E.A. Edirisinghe ; J. Jiang ; C. Grecos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1453 –1455
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990946
- Type: Article
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In MPEG-4, the boundary macro-blocks of reference video objects are padded by replicating the boundary samples towards the exterior. The authors propose the introduction of a linear extrapolation based pre-padding step to minimise prediction errors. Experimental results indicate that gains of up to 7% can be achieved for boundary macro-block coding by this proposed technique.
Accurate analytical model for MPEG coded video traffic
Isotropic masks make efficient linear feature detectors
Multiple-thread long-term memory scheme for efficient video coding
Object boundary padding technique for improving MPEG-4 video compression efficiency
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- Author(s): V. Bozantzis and F.H. Ali
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1455 –1456
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991031
- Type: Article
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A combined source adaptive and channel optimised vector quantisation (CSACOVQ) algorithm is presented, which combines the non-stationary nature of the source with a noisy channel. It is simulated for the Wiener process and for a binary symmetric channel and shows a performance improvement compared with the channel optimised vector quantisation (COVQ) algorithm. - Author(s): KeyingWu ; HuiLi ; YuminWang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1456 –1458
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990821
- Type: Article
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The influence of interleavers on the performance of turbo codes is investigated. - Author(s): YupuHu ; YuqingZhang ; GuozhenXiao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1458 –1459
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990979
- Type: Article
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A new attack on block ciphers is introduced, which is termed integral cryptanalysis. It relies on similar principles to differential cryptanalysis, but is based on different statistics. It is shown that this method is more effective than differential cryptanalysis in attacking SAFER+. - Author(s): F. Daneshgaran ; M. Mondin ; F. Dovis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1459 –1461
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990865
- Type: Article
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Many TCM codes do not shape the power spectrum. It is desirable to shape the power spectrum of the coded modulation to compensate for the linear filtering effect of the channel, in order to maximise the data transmission rate. A technique is proposed whereby several independent TCM codes are used to encode different subbands of the available transmission bandwidth such that they can all be decoded efficiently in a single decoder. - Author(s): N.A. Van Stralen ; J.A. Fergus Ross ; J.B. Anderson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1461 –1462
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991020
- Type: Article
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Convolutional codes require either termination bits or tailbiting in order to maintain constant error correcting ability across the entire data frame. Termination reduces throughput but the more efficient tailbiting technique has applied only to feedforward encoders. A tailbiting system is proposed for recursive systematic codes, which combines the advantages of these codes and tailbiting.
Combined source adaptive and channel optimised vector quantisation algorithm
Influence of interleaver on minimum turbo code distance
Integral cryptanalysis of SAFER+
Shaping the power spectrum of TCM codes using wavelet packet modulation
Tailbiting and decoding recursive systematic codes
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- Author(s): Sai TakChu ; WugenPan ; T. Kato ; T. Kaneko ; Y. Kokubun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1462 –1464
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990894
- Type: Article
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The design and fabrication of broadband vertical coupler filters with tapered waveguides which are suitable for subscriber systems are described. A wavelength filter with a box-like response having an FWHM of 60.4 nm is realised. - Author(s): M.A. Cowin ; M. Owen ; I.H. White ; R.V. Penty
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1464 –1465
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990956
- Type: Article
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A polymeric wavelength division multiplexer based on a new double reflective grating structure (DRG) is presented for the first time. A four-channel device with a channel spacing of 200 GHz (1.6 nm) has been designed and realised for application within the low cost datacoms market. The device exhibits a 3 dB/20 dB passband ratio of 48%, which is over twice that of a standard single element grating device. - Author(s): Yu-PinLiao and Ruei-ChangLu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1465 –1467
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990914
- Type: Article
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A TE-pass polariser with NI-NIPE-NI structure in Z-cut lithium niobate is realised by introducing a proton exchanged waveguide bend with a substrate prism on the Ni-indiffused waveguide. Polarisers with > 25 dB extinction ratio have been fabricated.
Broadband box-like filters using tapered waveguides
Polymeric wavelength division multiplexer
TE-pass polarisers with NI-NIPE-NI structure in Z-cut LiNbO3
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- Author(s): G. Masini ; L. Colace ; G. Assanto ; H.-C. Luan ; K. Wada ; L.C. Kimerling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1467 –1468
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991010
- Type: Article
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The authors have fabricated and tested heterojunction Ge/Si photodetectors based on pure Ge epitaxially grown on Si (001) using a two-step UHV-CVD process followed by cyclic thermal annealing. The detectors exhibit responsivities as high as 550 mA/W at 1.32 µm and 250 mA/W at 1.55 µm and response times shorter than 850 ps.
High responsitivity near infrared Ge photodetectors integrated on Si
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- Author(s): C.H. Kuo ; Chih-HsiangLin ; C.H. Thang ; S.S. Pei ; Y.C. Zhou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1468 –1469
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990966
- Type: Article
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High-power mid-infra-red type II quantum-well lasers directly grown on compliant universal substrate with a lasing wavelength of 3.9 µm at 80 K have been realised. A peak output power of > 320 mW per facet and differential quantum efficiency (DQE) of 7.2% are observed. - Author(s): T.W. Johannes ; J. Rieger ; U. von Keutz ; M. Schier ; J.W. Walter ; W. Harth
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1469 –1471
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991008
- Type: Article
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A new fabrication scheme for index-coupled DFB lasers with surface grating is presented. By using this method epitaxial grating overgrowth and Bragg-grating formation on a non-planar surface are avoided. InGaAsP lasers operating at λ = 1.55 µm show a continuous wave (CW) threshold current of 24 mA at room temperature. For as-cleaved devices a sidemode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 40 dB and monomode operation over 10 mW single sided output power have been achieved. - Author(s): T.C. Teyo ; P. Poopalan ; H. Ahmad
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1471 –1472
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990981
- Type: Article
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A uni-directional regenerative erbium-doped fibre ring laser-amplifier is investigated in an amplifier system operated below oscillation threshold. Regenerative gain as high as 23.9 dB was achieved for zero detuning at a pump power of 14.8 mW and input signal level of –34.9 dBm. An improvement in the noise performance was observed due to the suppression of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) powers around the zero detuning region. Experimental results showed a good agreement with those predicted theoretically. - Author(s): Ci-LingPan ; Shang-HuangTsai ; Ru-PinPan ; Chia-RengSheu ; S.C. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1472 –1473
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990960
- Type: Article
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The wavelength of a commercial red pointer laser diode has been tuned over 4 nm digitally in 0.2 nm steps with a folded telescopic grating loaded external cavity incorporating a liquid crystal pixel mirror. The sidemode-suppression ratio of the laser was better than 20 dB throughout this range.
High-power mid-IR type II quantum-well lasers grown on compliant universal substrate
Index-coupled DFB lasers with surface grating
Regenerative erbium-doped fibre ring laser-amplifier
Tunable semiconductor laser with liquid crystal pixel mirror in grating-loaded external cavity
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- Author(s): J. Chramiec and J.K. Piotrowski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1474 –1475
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990978
- Type: Article
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An approach used to compute the frequency-dependent equivalent capacitance of a coaxial open-end radiating into a circular waveguide below the cutoff frequency is outlined. Formulas approximating the obtained numerical results are given. These permit direct evaluation of the considered discontinuity with an average error not exceeding 2% in the characteristic impedance range 30–70 Ω and 5% for the remaining characteristic impedance values in the range 10–100 Ω.
Universal formula for frequency-dependent coaxial open-end effect
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- Author(s): S.H. Park ; K.I. Kim ; K. Jung ; H.J. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1475 –1477
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990977
- Type: Article
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The authors present a method for locating car license plates using neural networks. Neural networks are used as filters for analysing small windows of an image and deciding whether each window contains a license plate. A post-processor combines these filtered images and gives the final location of the license plates. The method offers robustness when dealing with noisy images. Tests with car images travelling on the road and at the entrance of a car park showed extraction rates of 99 and 97.5%, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed method works well with real-world situations.
Locating car license plates using neural networks
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- Author(s): A.E. Kelly ; I.D. Phillips ; R.J. Manning ; A.D. Ellis ; D. Nesset ; D.G. Moodie ; R. Kashyap
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1477 –1478
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990976
- Type: Article
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80 Gbit/s all-optical regenerative wavelength conversion is demonstrated using a data driven interferometric switch incorporating a semiconductor optical amplifier. Error free operation is achieved for 231 – 1 pattern lengths with switching powers of only 200 fJ. Furthermore, the interferometer is insensitive to the polarisation state of the driving data signal. - Author(s): T. Akiyama ; K. Inagaki ; Y. Mizuguchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1478 –1480
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990975
- Type: Article
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The intermodulation distortion (IM) caused by PDs in heterodyne detection optical-fibre millimetre-wave links has been measured and analysed. The characteristics of IM in multi-carrier transmission systems are explained. It is shown that second-order IM occurs close to the signal frequency and also that it is important to reduce this IM in order to improve the system performance. - Author(s): D.A. Watley ; L.M. Gleeson ; K.S. Farley ; E.S.R. Sikora ; W.S. Lee ; A.P. Hadjifotiou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1480 –1481
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990990
- Type: Article
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Experimental results are reported demonstrating that the variation in system performance due to higher-order polarisation mode dispersion effects can be minimised by carefully managing the net chirp through the use of appropriate modulators and dispersion compensation. - Author(s): E. Kong ; F. Tong ; K.P. Ho ; L.K. Chen ; C.K. Chan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1481 –1483
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991018
- Type: Article
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A real-time optical-path supervisory scheme for optical cross-connects (OXCs) is demonstrated with pilot tones as channel IDs. Routing errors can be detected by comparing the channel ID with the stored routing information. Gain-saturated erbium-doped fibre amplifiers are used for ID removal. - Author(s): B.C. Thomsen ; L.P. Barry ; J.M. Dudley ; J.D. Harvey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1483 –1484
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990993
- Type: Article
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Ultra-sensitive all-optical sampling at 1.5 µm using two-photon-absorption in a commercial 1.3 µm quantum-well semiconductor laser has been demonstrated. Using only direct detection of the unamplified two photon absorption photocurrent, a temporal resolution of ~2 ps and a sensitivity of less than 2 mW2 have been achieved.
80 Gbit/s all-optical regenerative wavelength conversion using semiconductor optical amplifier based interferometer
Intermodulation distortion by PD in heterodyne detection fibre-optic millimetre-wave links
Measurement of higher-order polarisation mode dispersion effects on 10 Gbit/s system over installed non-dispersion-shifted fibre
Pilot-tone based optical-path supervisory scheme for optical cross-connects
Ultra-sensitive all-optical sampling at 1.5 µm using waveguide two-photon absorption
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- Author(s): S.D. Dyer and K.B. Rochford
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1485 –1486
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990986
- Type: Article
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Low-coherence interferometric measurements of dispersion in fibre Bragg gratings are presented. The group delay as a function of wavelength is obtained rapidly by Fourier-transform processing the interferogram, yielding results within a few minutes. The experimental repeatability is shown to be better than 1 ps. - Author(s): J.J. Carey ; E.K. Renwick ; I.S. Ruddock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1486 –1488
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990972
- Type: Article
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A novel optical fibre polariser based on a GRIN crystal fibre and suitable for in-line use with singlemode optical fibre is described and demonstrated in a proof of principle experiment. Using fibres of a-axis lithium niobate, grown by the laser heated miniature pedestal growth method and heat treated to produce radial extraordinary refractive index gradients, one plane of polarisation is coupled through the system while the orthogonal is rejected. Extinction ratios of up to 1200 (31 dB) have been obtained at 632.8 nm.
Low-coherence interferometric measurements of fibre Bragg grating dispersion
Optical fibre polariser based on GRIN single crystal fibre
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- Author(s): E. Monroy ; F. Calle ; E. Muñoz ; B. Beaumont ; F. Omnès ; P. Gibart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1488 –1489
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991005
- Type: Article
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Schottky photodiodes have been fabricated on epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN layers, showing a responsivity of 130 mA/W. An improvement of one order of magnitude in the UV/visible contrast has been observed, in comparison with devices on standard GaN on sapphire. The significantly lower residual doping concentration reduces markedly the leakage current, and increases the detector bandwidth (> 30 MHz in devices with a diameter phis = 200 µm). Detectivities as high as 5 × 109 Hz1/2mW–1 were obtained in photodiodes with phis = 400 µm, working at –3.4 V bias. - Author(s): C. Gaquière ; S. Bollaert ; M. Zaknoune ; Y. Cordier ; D. Theron ; Y. Crosnier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1489 –1491
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990988
- Type: Article
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For the first time the impact of indium composition influence on the power performances of metamorphic HEMTs with 0.25 µm gate length has been investigated at 60 GHz. These first power results at this frequency show that such HEMTs are very promising for power applications. - Author(s): E. Schomburg ; R. Scheuerer ; S. Brandl ; K.F. Renk ; D.G. Pavel'ev ; Yu. Koschurinov ; V. Ustinov ; A. Zhukov ; A. Kovsh ; P.S. Kop'ev
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1491 –1492
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990973
- Type: Article
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The authors report the generation of radiation at 147 GHz with an InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice oscillator. The generation is attributed to current oscillation due to propagating dipole domains. These are a consequence of the negative differential mobility caused by the miniband transport. The power of the emission was ~80 µW with a DC to RF conversion efficiency of 0.5%. - Author(s): S. Arscott ; P. Mounaix ; D. Lippens
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1493 –1494
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19990984
- Type: Article
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Transferred-substrate InP-based heterostructure barrier varactor devices are reported which have been fabricated on glass substrate following a novel epitaxial layer transfer technique utilising the negative photoresist SU-8. The transferred devices exhibit a leakage current of 4.5 A/cm2 at 10 V, a zero-bias capacitance of 1 fF/µm2 and a capacitance ratio of 5:1.
High UV/visible contrast photodiodes based on epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN layers
Influence on power performances at 60 GHz of indium composition in metamorphic HEMTs
InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice oscillator at 147 GHz
Transferred InP-based HBVs on glass substrate
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- Author(s): M.A. Brdys and D.S.L. Dolcy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 35, Issue 17, p. 1494 –1496
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19991029
- Type: Article
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The robustness of a newly developed passivity-based controller (PBC) with respect to variations of the rotor resistance when tracking the desired rotor speed and flux magnitude for a current fed induction motor has been investigated. Although stability is maintained for large variations, the flux tracking error converges to zero only if the motor is unloaded. Otherwise a large steady state error occurs. This lack of robustness limits the practical applications of the PBC.
Robustness of passivity-based controller (PBC) for current-fed induction motors
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