Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 34, Issue 9, 30 April 1998
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Volume 34, Issue 9
30 April 1998
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- Author(s): S. Vlassis and S. Siskos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 825 –826
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980639
- Type: Article
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A simple squarer based on floating-gate MOS transistors is presented. The squarer has rail-to-rail input range with less than 0.5% non-linearity error. Using this squarer single-ended and/or differential signals can be processed without additional circuitry. Also, a four quadrant analogue multiplier can be realised using the proposed squarer. Simulation results are given to verify the theoretical analysis. - Author(s): Yong-Sik Youn ; Tae-Ha Ryoo ; Gyu-Hyeong Cho
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 826 –828
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980588
- Type: Article
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A fast switching gate driver suitable for self-oscillating resonant inverters such as electronic ballasts is presented. The proposed gate driver has negligible switching loss and driving loss owing to fast driving and zero voltage switching (ZVS) control capability. Experiments show that the gate transition time is as short as 20 ns and the switching loss is as little as one quarter of that of a conventional gate driver. - Author(s): N.S. Jung ; J.H. Jeong ; G.H. Cho
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 828 –829
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980595
- Type: Article
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An audio amplifier which combines the advantages of analogue and digital amplifiers is proposed. The high fidelity of an analogue amplifier and high efficiency of a digital amplifier are simultaneously achieved in one system. Experimental results show that the proposed amplifier has 0.005% total harmonic distortion and 90% power efficiency at output = 50 W. - Author(s): R. Senani and S.S. Gupta
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 829 –830
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980621
- Type: Article
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The authors present a new, current feedback op-amp-based, implementation of Chua's chaotic circuit. The workability of the proposed implementation has been experimentally verified using AD844 type current feedback op amps. This implementation offers several advantages over an earlier one based upon traditional voltage-mode op-amps.
Analogue squarer and multiplier based on floating-gate MOS transistors
Fast switching gate driver for self resonant inverters applicable to electronic ballasts
High efficiency and high fidelity analogue/digital switching mixed mode amplifier
Implementation of Chua's chaotic circuit using current feedback op-amps
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- Author(s): Kin-Lu Wong and Yi-Fang Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 831 –832
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980593
- Type: Article
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A simple circular polarisation (CP) design of microstrip antennas using a tuning stub is proposed and studied. It is also demonstrated that, by applying this CP design method to a circular microstrip patch with a cross slot having equal slot lengths, a compact circularly-polarised microstrip antenna can easily be implemented, with much more relaxed manufacturing tolerances as compared to the case of using a cross slot of unequal slot lengths. Details of the antenna designs are described, and experimental results are presented and discussed. - Author(s): D. Pilz and W. Menzel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 832 –833
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980670
- Type: Article
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A novel folded reflectarray antenna is presented. This antenna combines a twist and focusing reflector concept in a single printed structure. Together with a printed grid, a low profile and high gain antenna results. A test antenna in the 20 GHz range was designed, fabricated and tested. - Author(s): J.W. Andrews and P.S. Hall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 833 –835
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980660
- Type: Article
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A phase locked loop (PLL) method for controlling a 4 GHz active patch antenna was investigated in order to both frequency stabilise the oscillator and to reduce the phase noise; both these aims were achieved by optimising the PLL parameters. Experimental results showed that a phase noise reduction of up to 26 dB was realised. - Author(s): Chih-YuHuang ; Jian-YiWu ; Kin-LuWong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 835 –836
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980676
- Type: Article
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Broadband circular polarisation (CP) operation of single-feed slot-coupled microstrip antennas is achieved using an inclined nonlinear coupling slot. This nonlinear slot, end-loaded with two V slots, significantly broadens the CP bandwidth to about 2.1 times that obtained using a simple inclined coupling slot for CP operation. Details of the antenna design are described, and experimental results of the CP performance are presented. - Author(s): E.A. Soliman ; S. Brebels ; G. Vandenbosch ; E. Beyne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 836 –838
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980628
- Type: Article
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A brick wall antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide is introduced. This antenna can be considered as an eleven element array of reduced size. Analysis is carried out both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed antenna is designed to work in the X-band ~ 9.5 GHz. The return loss, radiation pattern, and antenna gain of the proposed antenna are presented and briefly discussed. The antenna has several advantages, such as ease of fabrication, good control of input impedance, small cross polarisation level, and high directivity.
Circularly polarised microstrip antenna with a tuning stub
Folded reflectarray antenna
Oscillator stability and phase noise reduction in phase locked active microstrip patch antenna
Slot-coupled microstrip antenna for broadband circular polarisation
X-band brick wall antenna fed by CPW
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- Author(s): F. Balteanu and M. Cloutier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 838 –839
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980644
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A novel and accurate variable gain control loop is presented which can be designed using conventional ASIC stages. The proposed architecture is well-suited for low-power wireless communications where a high dynamic range is presented. - Author(s): A.S. Bhushan ; F. Coppinger ; B. Jalali
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 839 –841
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980629
- Type: Article
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A new concept for analogue-to-digital conversion (ADC) is proposed and demonstrated. The analogue signal is stretched in time prior to sampling and quantisation. Time stretching increases the input bandwidth and sampling rate of the ADC and is best implemented using optoelectronic techniques.
Charge-pump controlled variable gain amplifier
Time-stretched analogue-to-digital conversion
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- Author(s): J.R. Vidal ; J. Martínez ; L. Guijarro
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 841 –842
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980635
- Type: Article
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The available bit rate (ABR) service class is a solution for the integration of data traffic in asynchronous transfer mode networks. Many algorithms have been proposed to implement ABR services. The authors present simulation results showing poor performance by a common ABR algorithm when supporting TCP bursty traffic. As a solution to this problem, the authors propose time averaging of the parameters calculated by the ABR algorithms. - Author(s): D. Zazula
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 842 –844
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980616
- Type: Article
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A new concept of the differential cepstrum calculation is presented which uses the FFT with interpolation in the frequency domain. The algorithm assures asymptotically exact values, without cepstral aliasing. It completely separates the causal and the anticausal part of the cepstrum and it does not suffer from signal singularities, i.e. zeros on the unit circle in the z-plane. The algorithm's computational complexity is at least four times lower than for any other cepstral aliasing reduction method, while no extended memory signal buffer is required. - Author(s): YanLi ; Xiao-HuYu ; Shi-XinCheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 844 –845
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980643
- Type: Article
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An automatic frequency correction scheme for a spread spectrum communication system with a pilot channel is proposed. The results of computer simulation show that this scheme improves the performance of the mobile receiver. - Author(s): K. Skowratananont ; S. Lambotharan ; J.A. Chambers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 845 –846
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980615
- Type: Article
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Blind equalisation of a fractionally spaced channel (FSC) is generally difficult if all subchannels have common zeros . A new blind equalisation structure is proposed so that the uncommon part of the FSC is equalised with a fractionally spaced equaliser and the common part of the FSC is equalised with a decision feedback equaliser which operates at the baud rate. - Author(s): Sung WookPark ; Sun KookYoo ; Nam HunJeong ; Joon SeokKim ; Woo SukKo ; Keun SupLee ; Dae HeeYoun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 847 –848
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980614
- Type: Article
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The authors present a design for cycle saving hardware components that enable real-time operation of audio coder-decoders. To determine the key components of audio coding algorithms, the MPEG2 audio algorithm is analysed, which is an international standard and uses a mixture of several coding strategies. Through the analysis, some components are selected that significantly contribute to the total number of cycles, and corresponding hardware accelerators that complete assigned tasks in a single cycle are designed. By incorporating these accelerators, a simple processor can reduce the number of cycles for assigned tasks by up to 72.2%. - Author(s): B.J. Falkowski and Chip-HongChang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 848 –850
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980606
- Type: Article
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An extension of the symbolic computation for the calculation of non-Kronecker based transforms is presented. The formulation is illustrated by calculation of a Gray code-ordered Walsh transform. To further exploit the power of symbolic algorithms, a new operator on matrices called the pseudo-Kronecker product is introduced. - Author(s): Dong InKim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 850 –851
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980608
- Type: Article
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A novel I/Q multiplexed code assignment is proposed for asynchronous cell site operation under hierarchical cell structure, in which the I-channel code as a group code and the Q-channel code as a cell-specific code are assigned to a forward pilot channel. Simulation results show that cell search from macro to micro, or vice versa, can be accomplished in less than ~50 ms at 90% of the locations. - Author(s): A. Abdi and M. Kaveh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 851 –852
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980625
- Type: Article
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The Rayleigh-lognormal distribution, which has proved useful for modelling fading-shadowing wireless channels, has a complicated integral form. The authors have accurately approximated it by the K distribution. This distribution is simpler and thus more appropriate for analysis and design of wireless communication systems. - Author(s): SumingJu and GuangguoBi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 852 –854
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980610
- Type: Article
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A scheme is presented which uses a finite impulse response digital filter (FIRDF) to repress narrowband shortwave interference for increased utilisation of the upstream bandwidth of hybrid fibre coax. A precoding scheme is described to eliminate intersymbol interference caused by the FIRDF. - Author(s): FeixueWang ; ShaoweiYong ; GuirongGuo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 854 –855
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980149
- Type: Article
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A mixer-free, all-digital quadrature demodulation method is proposed. This method performs direct second-order sampling on the bandpass signal, and produces quadrature basebands by passing the samples through phase shifters. Mixers are eliminated. This method has more freedom to select mixer-free sampling frequencies than methods based on first-order sampling. - Author(s): T. Nagayasu ; K. Hiroshi ; K. Murakami ; T. Fujino ; N. Morinaga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 855 –856
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980611
- Type: Article
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The authors propose a novel receiver which makes an iterative soft decision based on an a posteriori probability criterion with forward-error-corrected data. The proposed receiver significantly improves the bit error rate after forward-error-correction in selective fading channels. - Author(s): F.J. González-Serrano ; F. Pérez-Cruz ; A. Artés-Rodríguez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 856 –858
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980618
- Type: Article
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The generalised cerebellar model arithmetic computer (GCMAC) network is applied to the problem of adaptive equalisation of nonlinear channels. The GCMAC-based equaliser is compared with other well-known structures such as the Volterra filter and the multi-layer perceptron. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed structure for compensating strong nonlinearities. - Author(s): P. Hanna ; N. Harte ; J. Ming ; S. Vaseghi ; F.J. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 858 –859
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980640
- Type: Article
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The effects are explored of using different dynamic features in conjunction with an HMM that permits a dependency on both preceeding and succeeding frames. In particular, features which capture dynamic information are varied in the interframe dependent HMM. A recognition accuracy of 93.9% for the Connex speaker-independent E-set was obtained using tied states. - Author(s): M. Felici ; M. Borgatti ; R. Guerrieri
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 859 –860
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980573
- Type: Article
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High compression rates of speech signals may be achieved by coding schemes based on relevant linguistic segments. A system is described that relies on a diphone recogniser as the coder and on a speech synthesiser reproducing speech starting from a diphone codebook as the decoder. The spoken message is encoded in textual (phoneme labels) plus prosody representation. This speech coding technique may be used for voice mail or phone communication over low bit rate channels.
ABR performance in presence of bursty TCP traffic
Asymptotically exact computation of differential cepstrum using FFT approach
Automatic frequency correction scheme for spread spectrum coherent RAKE receiver
Blind decision feedback equaliser for multichannels with common zeros
Cycle saving hardware for real-time audio processing
Efficient calculation of Gray code-ordered Walsh spectra through algebraic decision diagrams
Fast cell search using I/Q multiplexed code under hierarchical cell structure
K distribution: an appropriate substitute for Rayleigh-lognormal distribution in fading-shadowing wireless channels
Method for eliminating narrowband shortwave interference in upstream channel of HFC
Mixer-free digital quadrature demodulation based on second-order sampling
Receiver with iterative soft decision for frequency selective fading channels
Reduced-complexity equaliser for nonlinear channels
Variation of features of interframe dependent HMM for speech recognition
Very low bit rate speech coding using a diphone-based recognition and synthesis approach
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- Author(s): H.J. Mattausch and K. Yamada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 861 –862
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980649
- Type: Article
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Area-efficient architectures for integrated N-port memories employ blocks of one port memory cells and dynamic port-to-block connections. The authors determine the block number M necessary to achieve a target port-access-rejection probability for a given port number N and best-case/worst-case conflict-resolve algorithms, by applying stochastic probability theory. - Author(s): SanghunPark and KiyoungChoi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 862 –864
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980664
- Type: Article
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Performance of a system clock design depends on the operating clock period and cycle count, which is the same as the number of control steps for a design without loops. A method is proposed which maximises performance by adjusting the clock period and cycle count. Experimental results show that this method reduces the latency by 29.4% on average, compared to the conventional high-level synthesis method.
Application of port-access-rejection probability theory for integrated N-port memory architecture optimisation
Latency minimisation by system clock optimisation
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- Author(s): D.T. Murphy and D.M. Howard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 864 –865
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980642
- Type: Article
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Geometrical methods are often used to model the acoustic properties of a room, but are valid only for high frequencies. At low frequencies, diffraction and the effects of room modes cannot be neglected. A method for modelling the two-dimensional propagation of sound within an enclosed room is presented which encompasses both of these particular properties by making use of a digital waveguide model.
Modelling and directionally encoding the acoustics of a room
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- Author(s): H. Odagawa and K. Yamanouchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 865 –866
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980634
- Type: Article
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A low-loss 10 GHz range surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter is investigated. It is fabricated on 128° Y-X LiNbO3 using electron beam direct writing and a lift-off process (aluminium electrode width = 95 nm, thickness = 30 nm). Experimental results of the ladder type SAW filter show low loss characteristics. A minimum insertion loss of 3.4 dB in the 10 GHz range is obtained. - Author(s): N. Damera-Venkata ; S. Gummadi ; B.L. Evans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 866 –867
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980647
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): J. Martel ; F. Medina ; M. Horno
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 867 –868
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980637
- Type: Article
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The authors report the application of capacitive cross-over microstrip coupling to the design of bandstop filters for which conventional quarterwave stub resonator implementation is not physically realisable. Experimental confirmation of this potential use of the proposed structure is provided.
10 GHz range extremely low-loss surface acoustic wave filter
Comment: Description of FIR digital filters in the form of parallel connection of linear phase FIRs
Microstrip bandstop filters using cross-over capacitive coupling
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- Author(s): A.M. Dawood and M. Ghanbari
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 868 –870
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980585
- Type: Article
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A variable bit rate MPEG video model based on scene content description is presented that can be used to generate the traffic of any type of video scene ranging from low complexity video conferencing to a highly active sport program.
MPEG video model based on scene content
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- Author(s): L. Harn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 870 –871
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980620
- Type: Article
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The digital signature standard proposed by the US government in 1991 is an ElGamal-type signature scheme based on the discrete logarithm problem. Since verifying each ElGamal-type signature requires at least two modular exponentiations, and modular exponentiation is a computationally intensive operation, it becomes desirable to use special purpose hardware or an efficient software algorithm to speed up the signature verification process. The author proposes efficient and secure algorithms to verify multiple digital signatures based on the discrete logarithm. Instead of verifying each individual signature separately, it is proposed to verify multiple signatures simultaneously. The proposed batch verification algorithm can maintain a constant verification time as to verify a single signature. - Author(s): L.R. Knudsen and B. Preneel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 871 –873
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980586
- Type: Article
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A new message authentication code (MAC) algorithm is proposed, which improves the popular retail MAC based on the data encryption standard; it has the same complexity, but provides better resistance against key recovery attacks. In addition, a new key recovery attack on the retail MAC is presented, requiring a single known text-MAC pair and 256 online MAC verifications. - Author(s): Sang Tao ; Wang Ruli ; Yan Yixun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 873 –874
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980680
- Type: Article
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The authors propose an algorithm based on a class of perturbance to solve the short cycle problem for chaotic cryptography systems. The lower bound of the extended cycle length can be specified theoretically, and the original good statistical properties of chaotic dynamics can be maintained. - Author(s): A.A. Tiountchik
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 874 –875
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980624
- Type: Article
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Using graph models, a pure systolic pipeline for modular exponentiation (as a whole) is designed. The designed systolic array can be used to raise to any power via Montgomery multiplications and squarings; spatial requirements of the array do not depend on the power.
Batch verifying multiple DSA-type digital signatures
MacDES: MAC algorithm based on DES
Perturbance-based algorithm to expand cycle length of chaotic key stream
Systolic modular exponentiation via Montgomery algorithm
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- Author(s): P. Corsonello ; S. Perri ; G. Cocorullo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 876 –877
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980609
- Type: Article
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A new efficient VLSI implementation of a statistical carry lookahead adder is presented. The new circuit does not require precharged input signals, and it can be used in practical asynchronous system design and in mixed logic design without any auxiliary circuitry. The circuit is realised in domino logic, and DCVSL gates are used for the critical path. - Author(s): C. Petri ; S. Rocchi ; V. Vignoli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 877 –878
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980587
- Type: Article
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A CMOS transimpedance amplifier was designed as a front end preamplifier for electro-optic quantum well sensors. The circuit layout is optimised, in terms of silicon area, to fully exploit the capability of an AT&T flip-chip technique by which the quantum well sensors are directly bonded to the last metal layer of an integrated circuit. The particular circuit topology achieves a high output swing and good noise behaviour, which allow a 70 dB dynamic range. This amplifier can be provided with peaking and/or offset trimming circuits. - Author(s): M.A.T. Sanduleanu ; A.J.M. van Tuijl ; R.F. Wassenaar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 878 –880
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980630
- Type: Article
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The authors present a low voltage, large swing, transconductor in a 0.5 µm CMOS digital technology which preserves a constant input window independent of tuning. The transconductance can be digitally adjusted in coarse steps and continuously adjusted in fine steps. The total harmonic distortion is better than –50 dB for signal amplitudes of 1.8 Vp-p and power consumption is 1.5 mW from a 3.3 V power supply.
Efficient VLSI implementation of statistical carry lookahead adder
High dynamic CMOS preamplifiers for QW diodes
Large swing, high linearity transconductor in 0.5 µm CMOS technology
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- Author(s): K. Kintaka ; M. Fujimura ; T. Suhara ; H. Nishihara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 880 –881
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980645
- Type: Article
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A technique for fabrication of ferroelectric-domain-inverted gratings for quasi-phase-matched optical second harmonic generation devices is reported. An etched-Si stamper electrode with periodic V-grooves was used as a novel electrode for applying pulse voltage, and 3 µm period gratings were fabricated in LiNbO3. - Author(s): K. Petroz ; H. Grateau ; E. Ollier ; P. Mottier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 881 –882
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980594
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A laser beam microdeflector which is fully integrated on a silicon substrate is presented. The design combines a steering system of cylindrical microlenses and a set of electrostatic combs. Both mechanical and optical parts are etched into a silica layer to provide a simple technological process and widen the operational wavelength range. Furthermore, the design, associated with silicon surface micromachining technology, enables more than 700 chips to be produced on a 100 mm diameter wafer.
Fabrication of ferroelectric-domain-inverted gratings in LiNbO3 by applying voltage using etched-Si stamper electrode
Integrated micro-optomechanical laser beam deflector
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- Author(s): T. Mukaihara ; N. Yamanaka ; N. Iwai ; T. Ishikawa ; A. Kasukawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 882 –884
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980663
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The design and demonstration of a novel integrated laser with a butt-coupled waveguide and a semiconductor/air Bragg reflector (SABAR) are presented. The SABAR is loaded into the butt-coupled waveguide to reduce the diffraction loss. Experimentally obtained SABAR reflectivity is estimated to be > 90%. The butt-coupled interface and SABAR are successfully formed, resulting in low threshold GaInAsP integrated lasers. - Author(s): B. Bakhshi ; P.A. Andrekson ; X. Zhang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 884 –885
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980612
- Type: Article
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A 10 GHz regeneratively modelocked, dispersion-managed and polarisation-maintaining erbium fibre ring laser has been constructed with a variable outcoupling; it produced very stable and nearly chirp-free 3.2 – 8.1 ps sech2 pulses at 1560 nm. It is experimentally shown that the stable operation region of the ML-EFRL is extended by increasing the laser output coupling. - Author(s): R.M. Lammert ; J.E. Ungar ; S.W. Oh ; H. Qi ; J.S. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 886 –887
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980638
- Type: Article
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High power InGaAs-GaAs distributed feedback (DFB) lasers with nonabsorbing mirrors have been fabricated with over 200 mW of single frequency CW optical power at 25°C (110 mW at 95°C). Unlike their distributed Bragg reflector counterparts, the DFB devices exhibit relatively linear optical power against current curves. Low threshold currents of ~10 mA were also obtained. - Author(s): A. Mori ; K. Kobayashi ; M. Yamada ; T. Kanamori ; K. Oikawa ; Y. Nishida ; Y. Ohishi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 887 –888
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980674
- Type: Article
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The authors have succeeded in fabricating low-loss tellurite-based Er3+-doped fibre for low noise 1.5 µm broadband EDFAs by developing high-purity TeO2 as a raw material. The background loss of the fibre is reduced to 0.054 dB/m at 1200 nm. A 20 dB signal bandwidth of 83 nm from 1528 to 1611 nm, and a low flat noise figure of < 6.5 dB from 1539 to 1624 nm can be obtained for a tellurite-based EDFA using the low-loss fibre. - Author(s): H. Shimizu ; K. Kumada ; N. Yamanaka ; N. Iwai ; T. Mukaihara ; A. Kasukawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 888 –890
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980662
- Type: Article
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The authors have investigated, for the first time, the effect of n-type modulation doping, as well as growth temperature, on the threshold current density of 1.3 µm InAsP strained MQW lasers grown by gas-source MBE and have obtained threshold current densities as low as 250 A/cm2 for 1200 µm long devices. - Author(s): N. Iwai ; T. Mukaihara ; H. Shimizu ; N. Yamanaka ; K. Kumada ; A. Kasukawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 890 –891
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980627
- Type: Article
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A very low threshold current of 3.0 mA and a stable transverse mode operation of > 30 mW were achieved in 1.3 µm InAsP strained-layer quantum well Al-oxide confined inner stripe (ACIS) lasers. Strain-compensated AlAs/InP/AlInAs super-lattice layers, grown on InP substrate using gas source-MBE, are used for oxidation. - Author(s): H. Wenisch ; K. Ohkawa ; A. Isemann ; M. Fehrer ; D. Hommel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 891 –893
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980669
- Type: Article
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Stable room temperature operation of planar green laser diodes at 512 nm was achieved on ZnSe substrates, which are conductive in the first 200 µm from the top due to post-growth aluminium doping. The threshold current density is 900–1000 A/cm2 and the operating voltage is ~14 V. The lifetime in pulsed operation exceeds 1 h. - Author(s): C. Carbonnier ; H. Többen ; U.B. Unrau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 893 –894
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980604
- Type: Article
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A new fibre laser emission wavelength > 3 µm is reported. For the first time a Ho3+ doped fluorozirconate fibre pumped at 532 nm shows room temperature CW laser operation ~3.22 µm, with output power = 11 mW and slope efficiency = 2.8%. Fluorescence was observed between 3.12 and 3.41 µm. - Author(s): S. Hara ; J. Motohisa ; T. Fukui
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 894 –895
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980673
- Type: Article
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The authors report the first successful demonstration of self-organised InGaAs quantum wire (QWR) laser diodes (LDs) utilising GaAs multi-atomic steps at 77 K by pulsed current injections. The lasing wavelength of InGaAs QWR-LDs is consistent with the peak position of photoluminescence spectra at 77 K. When a cavity direction is perpendicular to the QWR's array direction, the threshold current density of InGaAs QWR-LDs is smaller than that of quantum well LDs. - Author(s): E.R. Hegblom ; N.M. Margalit ; A. Fiore ; L.A. Coldren
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 895 –897
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980617
- Type: Article
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The authors demonstrate vertical cavity lasers utilising tapered apertures to close the active region, permitting good current confinement combined with low optical scattering losses. Because the slope efficiency remains high at small sizes, devices as small as 2 µm in diameter have wall-plug efficiencies of > 20%. By better scaling, wall-plug efficiencies of 17–25% are achieved at low output powers of 100–500 µW. - Author(s): S. Kawai ; H. Masuda ; K.-I. Suzuki ; K. Aida
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 897 –898
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980599
- Type: Article
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A 3 dB gain bandwidth of 75 nm (1531–1606 nm) is realised in a novel configuration of a two-stage erbium-doped fluoride fibre amplifier with a discrete fibre Raman amplifier. Error-free operation in an in-line amplifier configuration is also confirmed through a WDM (2.5 Gbit/s × 9 channel) transmission experiment.
1.3 µm GaInAsP lasers integrated with butt-coupled waveguide and high reflective semiconductor/air Bragg reflector (SABAR)
10 GHz modelocked, dispersion-managed and polarisation-maintaining erbium fibre ring laser with variable output coupling
High-power InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs distributed feedback lasers with nonabsorbing mirrors
Low noise broadband tellurite-based Er3+-doped fibre amplifiers
Low threshold 1.3 µm InAsP n-type modulation doped MQW lasers grown by gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy
Low threshold current 1.3 µm InAsP QW ACIS lasers
Planar homoepitaxial laser diodes grown on aluminium-doped ZnSe substrates
Room temperature CW fibre laser at 3.22 µm
Self-organised InGaAs quantum wire lasers on GaAs multi-atomic steps
Small efficient vertical cavity lasers with tapered oxide apertures
Ultra-wide, 75 nm 3 dB gain-band optical amplifier utilising gain-flattened erbium-doped fluoride fibre amplifier and discrete Raman amplification
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- Author(s): Han ChuanPeng ; Li FengSha ; QiangGan ; YuWei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 898 –900
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980667
- Type: Article
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By replacing the commonly used sigmoid neuron activation function with an adaptive sigmoid packet, the invariance extraction of a trace neural network can be effectively enhanced and speeded up for fast varying sample sequences. The performance is compared with several existing models. - Author(s): SeungjinChoi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 900 –901
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980636
- Type: Article
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Differential learning algorithms for decorrelation and independent component analysis (ICA) are presented. It is shown that the proposed differential Hebbian-type learning algorithms are able to successfully decorrelate the non-zero mean-valued data without any preprocessing. Differential learning is also applied for independent component analysis (ICA) so that non-zero mean-valued source signals can be recovered without any preprocessing. It is demonstrated that modified ICA algorithms using differential learning have a superior performance compared to conventional ICA algorithms for the case where the mean values of source signals are non-zero and are changing.
Combining adaptive sigmoid packet and trace neural network for fast invariance-learning
Differential Hebbian-type learning algorithms for decorrelation and independent component analysis
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- Author(s): M. Govindarajan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 901 –902
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980675
- Type: Article
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The author analyses the CPM of an optical receiver circuit and shows that there are upper and lower bounds on the transducer resistor of a receiver in order to maintain a specified CPM. Only static phase offsets between clock and data are considered. - Author(s): H. Sugahara ; T. Inoue ; A. Maruta ; Y. Kodama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 902 –904
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980607
- Type: Article
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The frequency shift induced by cross-phase modulation between different channels can be reduced by dispersion management in a wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) optical transmission system in RZ format. The reduction is increased for larger dispersion difference in a lossless two-step dispersion managed line. However, in the presence of fibre loss and lumped amplifiers, the frequency shift tends to increase for a large dispersion difference in which a stable pulse with the same initial pulsewidth requires higher enhanced power than for the lossless case. Optimal dispersion management schemes in WDM systems are also proposed. - Author(s): M.J. Roberts ; N. Bourhill ; S. Iezekiel ; D.P. Steenson ; C.M. Snowden
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 904 –905
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980671
- Type: Article
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A novel 77 GHz MMIC self-oscillating mixer for wireless systems has been designed and used in optoelectronic up-converting applications. The mixer uses a single pseudomorphic high-electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) to achieve photodetection, oscillation, doubling and mixing. A 100 MHz RF signal (modulated onto an 850 nm laser) is photodetected by the pHEMT and is mixed to W-band using the second harmonic of the self-oscillation at 38 GHz. A conversion gain (from electrical baseband to electrical carrier) of 3.6 dB has been achieved. - Author(s): C. Kutsche ; P. LiKamWa ; J. Loehr ; R. Kaspi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 906 –907
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980613
- Type: Article
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Self-guiding of an optical beam at energies close to and below the bandgap has been demonstrated in an active semiconductor optical amplifier under quasi CW conditions with a laser intensity of ~ 1.1 MW/cm2. A second beam at a 60 nm longer wavelength was guided and steered by the self-guided beam. - Author(s): M. Nakazawa ; E. Yoshida ; T. Yamamoto ; E. Yamada ; A. Sahara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 907 –908
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980590
- Type: Article
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A single channel, time domain multiplexed 640 Gbit/s data signal has been successfully transmitted over 60 km. The width of the input pulse train was as little as 400 fs and a walk-off free, dispersion flattened nonlinear loop mirror was used to demultiplex the signal to 10 Gbit/s. The maximum transmission distance was mainly determined by the polarisation mode dispersion as well as the third order dispersion.
Clock phase margin of optical fibre receivers
Optimal dispersion management for wavelength-division-multiplexed RZ optical pulse transmission
Optoelectronic mixing in MMIC W-band self-oscillating mixer
Quasi-CW self-guided optical beams in GaAs-AlGaAs double heterostructure slab waveguides
TDM single channel 640 Gbit/s transmission experiment over 60 km using 400 fs pulse train and walk-off free, dispersion flattened nonlinear optical loop mirror
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- Author(s): H. Kobayashi ; R. Takahashi ; Y. Matsuoka ; H. Iwamura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 908 –910
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980584
- Type: Article
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The authors present an optical switching/optical sampling module operating in the 1.55 µm band using ultrafast all-optical AND gates made with low temperature grown InGaAs/InAlAs multiple quantum wells. The module achieves a response time of 390 fs with a contrast ratio of 25 in a fibre-based experiment. Using the modules, all-optical demultiplexing is demonstrated for signal pulses corresponding to 1.05 Tbit/s, and the demultiplexed optical pulses are clearly detected. - Author(s): M. D'Hondt ; I. Moerman ; P. Demeester
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 910 –912
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980560
- Type: Article
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The authors have obtained state-of-the-art dark current densities of typical 10–9 A/cm2 (150 K, –10 mV) for 2% mismatched In0.82Ga0.18As photodetectors, by optimising the n-type doping level of the absorbing layer. It is demonstrated that the dark current can be decomposed into three different contributions. The decreased optical response accompanying higher doping levels, remains acceptable. - Author(s): D.C. Herbert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 912 –913
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980677
- Type: Article
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Calculations of self consistent band structure for SiGe multiquantum well (MQW) systems suggest that grading the wells and counter doping can lead to large increases in photo-conductive gain. - Author(s): H. Yoshida ; T. Mozume ; T. Nishimura ; O. Wada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 913 –915
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980605
- Type: Article
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A coupled double quantum well (C-DQW) structure enabling ultrafast, multi-wavelength, all-optical modulation using intersubband transitions, is proposed. It has been shown from the calculation of absorption spectrum and relaxation characteristics that an InGaAs/AlAs C-DQW structure is desirable for application to all-optical switches for multi-wavelength operation at near-infrared wavelengths down to 1.5 µm. - Author(s): D. Yap
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 915 –916
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980623
- Type: Article
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A see-through multi-pixel emissive display has been demonstrated. The 8 × 12 pixel display, fabricated on a glass substrate, has two partially transparent electrodes that sandwich multi-layer, thin film organic materials. The fabrication approach is based on common integrated circuit processing techniques and can be extended to form active matrix addressed displays on silicon substrates. - Author(s): R.J. Manning ; A.E. Kelly ; A.J. Poustie ; K.J. Blow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 916 –918
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980646
- Type: Article
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The authors report that the contrast ratio in a semiconductor optical amplifier-based nonlinear loop mirror may be improved by an appropriate choice of operating wavelength to minimise amplitude modulation. Contrast ratios as high as 21 dB for 1590 nm pulses are measured.
1 Tbit/s demultiplexing using low temperature grown InGaAs/InAlAs multiple quantum wells
Dark current optimisation for MOVPE grown 2.5 µm wavelength InGaAs photodetectors
Improved gain SiGe multiquantum well infra-red detector
Intersubband transitions in InGaAs/AlAs coupled double quantum well structures for multi-wavelength all-optical switching
See-through, multi-pixel organic emissive display
Wavelength dependence of switching contrast ratio of semiconductor optical amplifier-based nonlinear loop mirror
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- Author(s): K. Anim-Appiah
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 918 –919
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980602
- Type: Article
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The author describes the correlational properties of the complex envelope of a non-isotropically scattered mobile radio signal specified by Clarke's model. The scattering probability density function of the arriving waves is chosen to describe directional propagation that would occur in an urban environment.
Complex envelope correlations for non-isotropic scattering
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- Author(s): M.K. Chai ; J.M. Shannon ; B.J. Sealy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 919 –921
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980641
- Type: Article
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The effective barrier heights of Schottky diodes on hydrogenated amorphous silicon have been varied over a wide range using ion implantation of the common dopants. For small changes in barrier height, damage effects are negligible and dopant activity is high, leading to minimal changes in ideality factors and leakage currents. - Author(s): J.S. Moon ; J.A. Simmons ; M.A. Blount ; W.E. Baca ; J.L. Reno ; M.J. Hafich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 921 –922
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980650
- Type: Article
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A novel entirely planar quantum transistor based on tunnelling between two separate electron layers in an AlGaAs/GaAs double quantum well heterostructure is demonstrated. Using the gate-tunability of the tunnelling I-V characteristics, digital logic gates such as XOR and NAND are demonstrated using a single double electron layer tunnelling transistor. - Author(s): G.J. Sullivan ; J.A. Higgins ; M.Y. Chen ; J.W. Yang ; Q. Chen ; R.L. Pierson ; B.T. McDermott
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 922 –924
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980601
- Type: Article
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Excellent RF performance is reported for AlGaN HEMTs fabricated on electrically insulating SiC substrates. The transistors have an fmax = 42 GHz, and an ft = 15 GHz. At 10 GHz, 320 µm wide transistors had a total power of 900 mW with a gain of 6.5 dB, which corresponds to a power density of 2.8 W/mm. - Author(s): L. Mariucci ; F. Giacometti ; A. Pecora ; F. Massussi ; G. Fortunato ; M. Valdinoci ; L. Colalongo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 924 –926
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980619
- Type: Article
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The authors have performed a 2D numerical analysis of the electrical characteristics of polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs), made by excimer laser crystallisation (ELC), with high field-effect mobility (> 300 cm2/Vs) and low threshold voltage (< 1.5 V). In spite of the highly non-uniform defect distribution in ELC-polysilicon (mainly localised at the grain boundaries), the authors show that the device characteristics can be adequately described by using, in the numerical analysis, an effective density of states uniformly distributed within the semiconductor. This model, already verified in solid phase crystallised polysilicon TFTs, allows the analysis of ELC-polysilicon devices to be simplified. - Author(s): T. Sugaya ; T. Takahashi ; T. Nakagawa ; M. Ogura ; Y. Sugiyama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 926 –927
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980672
- Type: Article
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A field effect transistor (FET) using single InGaAs quasi-quantum-wire (quasi-QWR) as a channel has been fabricated. The quasi-QWR structures were fabricated by selective growth using molecular beam epitaxy on non-planar InP substrate. The width and thickness of the quasi-QWR are 200 nm and 7 nm, respectively. The FET demonstrated good saturation characteristics and its maximum transconductance (gm) was 105 mS/mm at a drain voltage of 0.6 V. - Author(s): T.S. Sudarshan ; G. Gradinaru ; J. Yang ; M.A. Khan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 927 –928
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980648
- Type: Article
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Experimental evidence of surface flashover in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistors is presented. A practical and unambiguous way of identifying device failure by flashover is proposed. Surface flashover is the main mechanism initiating premature breakdown in these devices leading to a significant reduction of their power capability.
Barrier height changes in amorphous silicon Schottky diodes following dopant implantation
Gate-controlled double electron layer tunnelling transistor and single transistor digital logic applications
High power RF operation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on insulating silicon carbide substrates
Numerical analysis of electrical characteristics of polysilicon thin film transistors fabricated by excimer laser crystallisation
Operation of InGaAs quasi-quantum-wire FET fabricated by selective growth using molecular beam epitaxy
Surface flashover effects in AlGaN/GaN HFETs
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- Author(s): M. Reppel ; H. Chaloupka ; S. Kolesov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 929 –930
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980631
- Type: Article
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Experimental results for a novel three-pole HTS lumped-element bandpass filter for 2 GHz and 2% fractional bandwidth with elliptic response are reported. Despite extremely high miniaturisation, this filter has a low insertion loss of 0.1 dB. Measurement and simulation results are compared and are in good agreement.
Highly miniaturised superconducting lumped-element bandpass filter
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- Author(s): K. Rodríguez-Vázquez and P.J. Fleming
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 9, p. 930 –931
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980632
- Type: Article
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Genetic programming is applied to the identification of non-linear polynomial models. This approach optimises multiple objectives simultaneously, and the solution set provides a trade-off between the complexity and the performance of the models. This is achieved using the concept of the non-dominated or Pareto-optimal solutions. The approach is tested on the simple Wiener model.
Multi-objective genetic programming for nonlinear system identification
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