Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 34, Issue 20, 1 October 1998
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Volume 34, Issue 20
1 October 1998
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- Author(s): C. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1897 –1898
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981374
- Type: Article
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p.
1897
–1898
(2)
A time-domain differentiator based on current memory is presented. To ensure processing accuracy, a MOS charge divider is used to reduce the effect of charge injection and a well (n or p type) is used to protect the storage device from minority carrier diffusion in the substrate. The circuit operates at low current levels. A single-poly CMOS technology can be used for circuit implementation. - Author(s): G. Chae ; Y.S. Youn ; G.H. Cho
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1898 –1899
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981338
- Type: Article
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p.
1898
–1899
(2)
A new simple low cost high power factor correction circuit for electronic ballast employing a current source type push-pull resonant inverter is proposed. The proposed circuit provides high power factor, low current harmonic distortion, self-power-controlling operation for load variations and cost-effectiveness.
Current memory based differentiator with protection of storage node
High power factor self-power-controlling electronic ballast using current source type push-pull resonant inverter
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- Author(s): H. Morishita ; S. Takahashi ; T. Kamei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1899 –1901
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981370
- Type: Article
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p.
1899
–1901
(3)
The conical beam control of quadrifilar helical antennas with a fixed helical arm length is investigated. By adjusting a portion of the antenna height to vary the pitch angle, the elevation angle of the beam direction can be controlled with an almost constant gain. It is found that the elevation angle of the beam direction varies in proportion to the pitch angle.
Conical beam control of quadrifilar helical antennas
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- Author(s): S. Jacobsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1901 –1902
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981363
- Type: Article
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p.
1901
–1902
(2)
A multi-frequency scheme for annular phased arrays is proposed with the aim of attaining deep and localised heating for hyperthermic treatment of cancers. The concept is investigated using a 520 MHz broadband microwave system including an antenna array of four microstrip spiral applicators. The results of measurements on a heterogeneous saline solution phantom demonstrate the possibility of producing homogenised heating patterns outside the tumour site.
Reduction of hot spots in hyperthermia by means of broadband energy transmission
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- Author(s): M. Barbaro and L. Raffo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1903 –1904
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981413
- Type: Article
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p.
1903
–1904
(2)
An analysis method to find the natural response of double-layer planar lattice networks is found and its stability discussed. Following the proposed approach, a new circuit able to perform feature extraction at the sensory level by means of a convolution with a Gabor-like kernel is synthesised. The circuit, based on MOS transistors working in the subthreshold region, has been simulated and successfully compared with theoretical expectations. Its main features are the compactness, low-power and full programmability of the convolutional kernel. - Author(s): B.E. Jonsson and H. Tenhunen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1904 –1905
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981386
- Type: Article
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p.
1904
–1905
(2)
Fully-differential first-generation switched-current memory cells with common-mode feedforward were used to implement a 1.5 bit/stage pipelined A/D converter in a standard digital CMOS process. The peak effective number of bits (ENOB) for input frequencies over 1 MHz is 7.43, and with a 20 MHz input signal sampled at 3 Msample/s, the measured SFDR and SNDR are 45.1 and 40.8 dB, respectively. - Author(s): B.E. Jonsson and H. Tenhunen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1906 –1907
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981373
- Type: Article
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p.
1906
–1907
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A parallel switched-current A/D converter is presented. Eight time-interleaved switched-current ADCs operating at 4 Msample/s are used to increase the sampling rate. With channel compensation, the measured SFDR is > 50 dB at 32 Msample/s with fin = 1.13 MHz. The performance of this experimental design is limited by noise and a fixed-pattern timing error that is not removed by the compensation algorithm. - Author(s): K.A. Jenkins and J.P. Eckhardt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1907 –1908
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981334
- Type: Article
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p.
1907
–1908
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The measurement of the accumulated phase error of phase-locked loops (PLLs) in microprocessor systems is discussed. A system which creates controlled power supply noise and measures the PLL response is described. Examples of the use of this technique are shown for a PLL used in a 400 MHz microprocessor.
Analysis and synthesis of double-layer MOSFET networks for smart sensory systems
Low-voltage, 10 bit switched-current ADC with 20 MHz input bandwidth
Low-voltage 32 Msample/s parallel pipelined switched-current ADC
Measurement of PLL phase error caused by power supply noise
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- Author(s): S.R. Dooley and A.K. Nandi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1908 –1910
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981346
- Type: Article
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p.
1908
–1910
(3)
A computationally efficient and accurate frequency estimation and tracking algorithm is proposed, based on the adaptive frequency estimator (AFE) of Etter and Hush. A Lagrange interpolator (a fractional delay filter) is used to estimate the gradient of the performance surface of the adaptation, which enables highly accurate estimation. The performance of the new algorithm is demonstrated in the context of tracking a chirp signal in noise. - Author(s): J. Pinkney ; R. Behin ; A. Sesay ; S. Nichols
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1910 –1911
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981354
- Type: Article
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p.
1910
–1911
(2)
A chirp spread spectrum communication link for high-speed indoor wireless systems using a broadband SAW chirp filter is proposed. This system combines the multipath resolving ability of spread spectrum with the diversity of a RAKE-type receiver. Computer simulations and experimental results show nearly ideal performance in multipath fading conditions. - Author(s): R. Rovatti and G. Mazzini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1911 –1913
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981384
- Type: Article
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p.
1911
–1913
(3)
A novel estimation of the minimum achievable interference in direct sequence-code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems is introduced, which holds when spreading sequences with exponentially vanishing autocorrelation are employed. This can be applied to many of the recently proposed improvements to classical maximum-length or Gold sequences, such as chaos-based spreading. Asymptotic, infinite-bandwidth results are also provided, clarifying the maximum attainable gain. Empirical evidence shows that this theoretical maximum is achieved by some chaos-based sequences which are therefore optimal. - Author(s): Qing HuoLiu and Xue YuanTang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1913 –1914
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981372
- Type: Article
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p.
1913
–1914
(2)
A nonuniform inverse fast Fourier transform (NU-IFFT) for nonuniformly sampled data is realised by combining the conjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform (CG-FFT) method with the newly developed nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) algorithms. An example application of the algorithm in computational electromagnetics is presented. - Author(s): M.P. Fitton ; M.A. Beach ; A.R. Nix
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1914 –1915
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981389
- Type: Article
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p.
1914
–1915
(2)
The shadowing (or long term) statistics of a wireless system have a large impact on overall performance. The authors show experimentally that the inherent path diversity of a direct sequence spread spectrum system will reduce the effect of long-term envelope variation due to shadowing. This will result in a network with more homogeneous quality-of-service, reduce handovers, and improve capacity. - Author(s): A. Trastoy and F. Ares
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1916 –1917
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981340
- Type: Article
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p.
1916
–1917
(2)
A method for synthesising linear aperture distribution patterns with different side lobe levels (SLLs) on both sides of the main beam is proposed. This phase-only control method was applied to a Taylor distribution as well as to a uniform amplitude distribution and achieved differences in the SLL on both sides of the main beam as great as 23 dB, improving on a previous procedure that had achieved a gap of little more than 10 dB. - Author(s): JiankangZhang and ZhengBao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1917 –1918
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981366
- Type: Article
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p.
1917
–1918
(2)
It is shown that the number of vanishing moments of the even number-order orthogonal M-band compactly supported interpolating scaling function increases by one. Consequently, the asymptotic performance of the Mallat projection is the same as the orthogonal projection for the L2-approximation of smooth functions. - Author(s): K. Witrisal ; Y.-H. Kim ; R. Prasad
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1918 –1919
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981347
- Type: Article
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p.
1918
–1919
(2)
A method is presented for deriving the RMS delay spread from non-coherent wideband channel measurements (measured amplitude transfer functions). A frequency-domain model of the frequency-selective, Ricean fading channel is used, allowing a theoretical evaluation of the transfer function's level crossing statistics. - Author(s): PengLangShui and ZhengBao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1920 –1921
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981333
- Type: Article
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p.
1920
–1921
(2)
A novel type of signal-adapted biorthogonal interpolating recursive wavelet (SABIRW) with explicit structural parameter vectors is constructed. By optimising the parameter vectors the scaling function and wavelet can be adaptively selected at every level to obtain a compact multiresolution representation of the signal.
Fast frequency estimation and tracking using Lagrange interpolation
High-speed DQPSK chirp spread spectrum system for indoor wireless applications
Interference in DS-CDMA systems with exponentially vanishing autocorrelations: Chaos-based spreading is optimal
Iterative algorithm for nonuniform inverse fast Fourier transform (NU-IFFT)
Long term fading in direct sequence spread spectrum in microcellular environments
Phase-only synthesis of continuous linear aperture distribution patterns with asymmetric side lobes
Property of vanishing moments of orthogonal M-band compactly supported interpolating scaling function
RMS delay spread estimation technique using non-coherent channel measurements
Signal-adapted biorthogonal interpolating recursive wavelet
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- Author(s): M.P. Gough
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1921 –1922
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980622
- Type: Article
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p.
1921
–1922
(2)
The author presents the results of tests which extend the published input size of associative list memory (ALM) by two orders of magnitude. In particular, ALM is shown to approach the optimum classifier performance when classifying inputs as large as 105 bits. - Author(s): T.H. Toifl and P. Moreira
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1922 –1923
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981355
- Type: Article
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p.
1922
–1923
(2)
A frequency detector circuit was developed to be used in a phase-locked loop to recover the clock from a biphase-encoded signal. The application of the circuit as a frequency acquisition aid for biphase and non-return-to-zero signal clock recovery is discussed. - Author(s): S.K. Amarasinghe ; W.L. Goh ; S. He
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1924 –1925
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981343
- Type: Article
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p.
1924
–1925
(2)
A new tree decomposition strategy, EYBWC (enhanced young brothers wait concept), is proposed for two-player control game tree searching on massively parallel machines. Based on the YBWC (young brothers wait concept) which is one of the best existing tree decomposition strategies, this new strategy notably alleviates processor starvation in a massively parallel search by providing many more nodes for processors to search in parallel. An experiment on the Maspar MP-2 SIMD (single instruction multiple data) machine with 1024 processors shows that EYBWC is far more efficient than YBWC.
Classification of very large bit size patterns
Simple frequency detector circuit for biphase and NRZ clock recovery
Tree decomposition strategy for massively parallel game tree searching
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- Author(s): R.A. Abd-Alhameed ; P.S. Excell ; J.A. Vaul ; M.A. Mangoud
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1925 –1926
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981348
- Type: Article
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p.
1925
–1926
(2)
The numerical solution of complex electromagnetic problems via heterogeneous solution methods is proposed. This hybrid method is capable of analysing a system of multiple physically-unconnected regions by employing the principle of equivalent sources. The case of multiple sources in the presence of scattering objects is discussed, and the results are compared with other available data. - Author(s): R.N. Bracewell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1927 –1928
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981398
- Type: Article
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p.
1927
–1928
(2)
The input admittance of a loss-free short-circuited transmission line is generally said to be a cotangent function of frequency, a function that is imaginary and odd. The symmetry implies that the impulse response, which has the admittance function of frequency as its Fourier transform, is also odd. However, there can be no response at negative times preceding the applied impulse. Therefore the cotangent formula for susceptance cannot be correct. A real, even function of frequency representing a conductance term must be added to the imaginary, odd susceptance. Likewise, the familiar formula Z = iZ0tan(2πL/λ) is deficient. - Author(s): B. Kemp ; S.J. Porter ; J.F. Dawson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1928 –1929
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981341
- Type: Article
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p.
1928
–1929
(2)
When an optimisation landscape is highly multimodal, even a genetic algorithm can become stuck in local minima. Increasing the population size is one way to ensure that the search space is more comprehensively sampled, but it can be a more efficient use of population members to allow a number of subpopulations to evolve separately and then interbreed with one another. One example of such a multimodal problem is scattering from a conductive object, which is important in applications such as radar cross-section optimisation.
Hybrid treatment for electromagnetic field computation in multiple regions
Impulses concealed by singularities: Transmission line theory
Population partitioning in genetic algorithms
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- Author(s): R. Zunino
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1929 –1930
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981335
- Type: Article
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p.
1929
–1930
(2)
Peano-Hilbert curves can be used to destroy the spatial autocorrelation of an image. The effectiveness of the approach, which applies to cryptography and associative memories, stems from the fractal structure of such curves. The fractal topology supports pseudo-random pixel remapping, and the self-similarity of the layout strongly simplifies electronic circuit implementations. - Author(s): Ö.N. Gerek and A.E. Çetin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1931 –1932
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981379
- Type: Article
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p.
1931
–1932
(2)
A perfect reconstruction polyphase filter bank structure is presented in which the filters adapt to the changing input conditions. The use of such a filter bank leads to higher compression results for images containing sharp edges such as fingerprint images.
Fractal circuit layout for spatial decorrelation of images
Polyphase adaptive filter banks for fingerprint image compression
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- Author(s): TaoSang ; RuliWang ; YixunYan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1932 –1934
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981377
- Type: Article
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p.
1932
–1934
(3)
The authors propose clock-controlled chaotic keystream generators for generating keystreams with periods long enough for cryptographic use while maintaining the good statistical properties of chaotic dynamics. These keystream generators may provide higher security than other proposed methods. - Author(s): KefeiChen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, page: 1934 –1934
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981365
- Type: Article
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p.
1934
(1)
A new signature scheme with message recovery is proposed. The new scheme is based on the discrete logarithms problem and has the same efficiency as the HMP and its modified schemes, but is simpler.
Clock-controlled chaotic keystream generators
Signature with message recovery
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- Author(s): A.P. Brown ; K.R. Milner ; D.W.E. Allsopp ; W.B. Betts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1934 –1936
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981362
- Type: Article
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p.
1934
–1936
(3)
The characteristic dielectrophoretic collection of abiotic 20 nm diameter latex beads has been observed by measuring the impedance change between two electrodes as the particles aggregate from aqueous suspension. The technique could enable the rapid classification of microbiological particles, such as viruses, too small to be detected by other methods. - Author(s): H. Yan ; F.Q. Shao ; S. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1936 –1937
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981176
- Type: Article
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p.
1936
–1937
(2)
A fast method for calculating the sensitivity distributions in capacitance tomography sensors, based on the finite element method, is proposed. By fast generation of the global system matrix and capacitance values, the calculation time is reduced by ~98%.
Characteristic dielectrophoretic collection of 20 nm latex beads measured by an impedance technique
Fast calculation of sensitivity distributions in capacitance tomography sensors
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- Author(s): G. Cappuccino ; G. Cocorullo ; P. Corsonello
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1937 –1938
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981381
- Type: Article
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p.
1937
–1938
(2)
A novel transistor sizing rule for long interconnect drivers is proposed. It allows true line matching to be achieved, thus either minimising delay or preserving signal integrity, when propagation time along the line becomes significant with respect to signal transition time. In this case the transmission line properties of long interconnects alter the behaviour of the CMOS buffer, forcing transistors to work mainly in the linear mode rather than in saturation as is usually assumed.
CMOS buffer sizing for long on-chip interconnects
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- Author(s): A. Vukovic ; P. Sewell ; T.M. Benson ; P.C. Kendall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1939 –1940
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981339
- Type: Article
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p.
1939
–1940
(2)
New results are presented for the reflectivity of a buried waveguide at a realistic depth incident on a coated facet. Diffractive effects are shown to be significant enough to prevent previously reported two-layer coatings meeting the practical specifications for high performance semiconductor optical amplifiers.
Degraded facet performance caused by edge proximity
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- Author(s): M.A. Fardad and M. Fallahi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1940 –1941
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981360
- Type: Article
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p.
1940
–1941
(2)
A new composition of organic-inorganic photosensitive materials is grown using the sol-gel process. The material, organoaluminosilicate, is spin coated onto Si wafers and channel waveguides are photoinscribed and developed using solvent assisted photolithographic process. The process is simple, reproducible, low cost and low loss.
Organic-inorganic materials for integrated optoelectronics
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- Author(s): M. Owen ; J.D. Bainbridge ; M.F.C. Stephens ; R.V. Penty ; I.H. White ; K. Poguntke ; K. Young-Smith ; M.J. Robertson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1942 –1943
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981357
- Type: Article
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p.
1942
–1943
(2)
A novel InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP integrated multiwavelength grating cavity laser is presented, which has been used to demonstrate space switching and simultaneous all-optical wavelength conversion at bit rates of 2.488 Gbit/s. This has been achieved using a single monolithically integrated device without the need for post-filtering to separate the converted signal from the input. - Author(s): P.A. O'Brien ; P.M.W. Skovgaard ; J.G. McInerney ; J.S. Roberts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1943 –1944
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981337
- Type: Article
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p.
1943
–1944
(2)
Improved near and far field distributions in broad area semiconductor lasers are demonstrated using a novel technique for smoothing the tranvserse current injection profile by introducing a thick (10 µm) p-GaAs layer to increase carrier diffusion. This results in narrower and more symmetrical far fields compared to standard broad area lasers, especially when operating at high output powers. - Author(s): K. Sato ; A. Hirano ; M. Asobe ; H. Ishii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1944 –1946
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981387
- Type: Article
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p.
1944
–1946
(3)
40 GHz active modelocking of monolithic semiconductor lasers integrated with electroabsorption modulators and chirped gratings is reported. Chirped gratings are shown to compensate for the wavelength chirp and extend the frequency range. Nearly transform-limited pulses of < 4 ps are generated over a wide range of frequencies from 38 to 41 GHz. - Author(s): K. Kudo ; Y. Muroya ; T. Nakazaki ; Y. Inomoto ; M. Ishizaka ; M. Yamaguchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1946 –1947
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981371
- Type: Article
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p.
1946
–1947
(2)
1.56–1.61 µm range modulator-integrated distributed-feedback laser diodes (DFB/MODs) of different wavelengths are successfully demonstrated for applications in 1.58 µm band WDM systems. They were fabricated on a single wafer by using narrow-stripe selective MOVPE with a novel growth-time-modulation (GTM) technique. Uniform and high-performance characteristics such as a threshold current less than 5 mA and an extinction ratio larger than 16 dB at –2 V were achieved. - Author(s): K.A. Black ; P. Abraham ; N.M. Margalit ; E.R. Hegblom ; Y.-J. Chiu ; J. Piprek ; J.E. Bowers ; E.L. Hu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1947 –1949
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981344
- Type: Article
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p.
1947
–1949
(3)
The authors report record high temperature performance of a novel long wavelength vertical cavity laser using an electron barrier, operating continuous-wave up to 71°C. A record high characteristic temperature (To) of 132 K has been measured over an operating range of –75 to 35°C. - Author(s): ChongdaePark ; D.K. Oh ; J.S. Kim ; S.W. Lee ; H.R. Choo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1949 –1950
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981367
- Type: Article
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p.
1949
–1950
(2)
A novel application of semi-insulating InGaAs to a complex coupled DFB-LD is described. Its superior performance in terms of optical efficiency, modulation bandwidth and chirp are described. - Author(s): P.M.W. Skovgaard ; P. O'Brien ; J.G. McInerney
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1950 –1951
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981349
- Type: Article
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p.
1950
–1951
(2)
The authors have fabricated inhomogeneously pumped broad area diode lasers using a novel digitated electrical contact pad to smooth the edges of the transverse distribution of injected carriers. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this scheme in increasing the filamentation threshold and reducing near field modulation up to 35 times threshold. The inhomogeneously pumped design has reduced threshold current and increased slope efficiency relative to a comparable standard broad area device.
1 × 4 space switching and simultaneous all-optical wavelength conversion at 2.488 Gbit/s using a single monolithically integrated multiwavelength laser
Broad area semiconductor lasers with improved near and far fields using enhanced current spreading
Chirp-compensated 40 GHz semiconductor modelocked lasers integrated with chirped gratings
Different-wavelength modulator-integrated DFB-LDs for 1.58µm band WDM systems
Double-fused 1.5 µm vertical cavity lasers with record high To of 132 K at room temperature
Highly efficient and high-speed complex coupled DFB-LD with semi-insulating InGaAs grating
Inhomogeneous pumping and increased filamentation threshold of semiconductor lasers by contact profiling
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- Author(s): M. Michael and D.K. Paul
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1952 –1953
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981345
- Type: Article
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p.
1952
–1953
(2)
Filter and oscillator design using loss compensated stripline ring resonators becomes impracticable as the size of the resonator decreases with increasing frequency. The design of a 6 GHz oscillator employing the second tunable mode of a 2 GHz fundamental mode resonator, demonstrating effective mode suppression and realisation using a larger structure, is presented.
Microwave oscillators using ring resonators operating at higher modes
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- Author(s): Kai-chiuKan and Kwok-woWong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1953 –1955
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981364
- Type: Article
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p.
1953
–1955
(3)
A novel algorithm for the synthesis of wavelet networks is proposed which possesses the self-construction capability. It is referred as recursive variance suppression growth. Using this method, the network is allowed to start with a null hidden neuron and then grows autonomously. Simulations show that the proposed method outperforms other reported methods.
Self-construction algorithm for synthesis of wavelet networks
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- Author(s): A.E. Kelly ; A.D. Ellis ; D. Nesset ; R. Kashyap ; D.G. Moodie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1955 –1956
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981388
- Type: Article
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p.
1955
–1956
(2)
Wavelength conversion of a 100 Gbit/s optical time division multiplexing signal has been achieved using four wave mixing in a 2 mm multiquantum well semiconductor optical amplifier and a Bragg fibre grating for filtering. Error free operation of all 10 channels was achieved with low power penalties. - Author(s): S. Kuwahara ; A. Sano ; K. Yonenaga ; Y. Miyamoto ; Y. Yamabayashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1956 –1958
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981353
- Type: Article
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p.
1956
–1958
(3)
A novel adaptive dispersion equalisation technique that detects and equalises dispersion fluctuations in transmission fibre during data transmission is proposed. This technique first detects dispersion fluctuations in the fibre by using the PM-AM conversion effect at a monitoring wavelength, and then tunes the data wavelength to equalise the fluctuation. This technique was tested by conducting a 40 Gbit/s, 8.5 ps pulse transmission experiment over 300 km of dispersion-shifted fibre, and was shown to suppress the sensitivity degradation to below 0.2 dB when the temperature of the fibre was varied between 0 and 40°C. - Author(s): A.D. Ellis ; A.E. Kelly ; D. Nesset ; D. Pitcher ; D.G. Moodie ; R. Kashyap
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1958 –1959
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981214
- Type: Article
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p.
1958
–1959
(2)
The authors demonstrate the first error free operation of 100 Gbit/s wavelength conversion employing cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier. A near transform limited non-return-to-zero data stream is generated at the device output. - Author(s): T. Sakamoto ; K. Hattori ; J. Kani ; M. Fukutoku ; M. Fukui ; M. Jinno ; K. Oguchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1959 –1961
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981358
- Type: Article
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p.
1959
–1961
(3)
The flat-gain operation of a gain-shifted EDFA (GS-EDFA : 1580 nm-band EDFA) is described. The GS-EDFA provides a flat gain profile with a gain variation of < 0.2 dB for an average gain of 28 dB in the 1579–1592 nm wavelength range (13 nm). 16 channel × 10 Gbit/s WDM signals are successfully transmitted over 800 km (80 km × 10 span) of dispersion-shifted fibre using the proposed GS-EDFA with no gain equalisation or pre-emphasis. - Author(s): YunfengShen ; BaichengZhang ; ZhangYuanChen ; WanyiGu ; AnshiXu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1961 –1962
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981352
- Type: Article
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p.
1961
–1962
(2)
A new kind of cycle, the cycle of leaked ASE noise or signal due to the bandwidth or central wavelength difference in optical filters, is proposed in WDM optical networks. Oscillations can take place in the cycle and result in adverse effects on network operation. - Author(s): A. Al-Dabbagh ; T. O'Farrell ; M. Darnell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1962 –1964
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981375
- Type: Article
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p.
1962
–1964
(3)
A novel method, based on the theory of reciprocal sequences, is described for generating a pair of sequences whose periodic convolution is impulsive. It is proved that any binary unipolar m-sequence and its level-shifted bipolar representation form a reciprocal pair. The extension of the synthesis technique to multi-level sequences is then demonstrated, examples of code designs being given to demonstrate the technique. The unipolar sequences can be used to modulate optical carriers.
100 Gbit/s wavelength conversion using FWM in an MQW semiconductor optical amplifier
Adaptive dispersion equalisation by detecting dispersion fluctuations using PM-AM conversion
Error free 100 Gbit/s wavelength conversion using grating assisted cross-gain modulation in 2 mm long semiconductor amplifier
Flat-gain operation of 1580 nm-band EDFA with gain variation of 0.2 dB over 1579–1592 nm
Leakage cycle in WDM optical networks
Optical signal design using reciprocal periodic sequences
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- Author(s): C.V. Cryan and D.W. Stowe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1964 –1965
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981071
- Type: Article
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p.
1964
–1965
(2)
An increase in the effective diameter of an optical fibre when helically twisted is reported. The increase displaces fibres in close packed helically twisted arrays from their ideal lattice positions. From simple geometric arguments, an expression for the increase is derived and improved close-packing is achieved by making fibre size corrections.
Improved close-packed helically-twisted fibre arrays
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- Author(s): A. Chelnokov ; S. Rowson ; J.-M. Lourtioz ; L. Duvillaret ; J.-L. Coutaz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1965 –1967
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981356
- Type: Article
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p.
1965
–1967
(3)
The authors experimentally demonstrate the controllability of the defect mode in a submillimetre three-dimensional silicon photonic crystal. The resonant mode at 253 GHz is created inside the forbidden gap by inserting interstitial defects. The transmission level of the mode is modulated externally by more than 8 dB with a 330 mW laser illumination. Transmission spectra are confirmed by numerical simulations. - Author(s): P. Tayebati ; P. Wang ; M. Azimi ; L. Maflah ; D. Vakhshoori
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1967 –1968
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981350
- Type: Article
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p.
1967
–1968
(2)
A novel microelectromechanical tunable filter with a half symmetric cavity structure is described. The device exhibits a 3 dB linewidth of 0.27 nm, more than 70 nm tuning range under a voltage swing of 14 V and less than 0.9 dB insertion loss. The parameters of the optical cavity were tailored to efficiently couple 1550 nm light in and out of the devices using a singlemode fibre without any lenses. The structure exhibits a frequency response of 150 kHz at the 3 dB cutoff point.
Light controllable defect modes in three-dimensional photonic crystal
Microelectromechanical tunable filter with stable half symmetric cavity
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- Author(s): L. Colace ; G. Masini ; F. Galluzzi ; G. Assanto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1968 –1969
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981361
- Type: Article
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p.
1968
–1969
(2)
A novel one-dimensional array of photodetectors for the near infrared up to 1.55 µm is reported. The device is based on polycrystalline Ge thermally evaporated on silicon, and consists of 16 pixels at a 100 µm pitch. A responsivity of 16 mA/W was measured at 1.3 µm with nanosecond response time. - Author(s): W.D. Herzog ; B.B. Goldberg ; M.S. Ünlü ; R. Singh ; F.P. Dabkowski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1970 –1971
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981382
- Type: Article
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p.
1970
–1971
(2)
The authors report room temperature stimulated emission from as-grown GaN hexagons by selective area growth hydride vapour phase epitaxy. The threshold for bulk stimulated emission was found to be 3.4 MW/cm2 with an emission linewidth of 1.2 nm.
16-pixel linear array of near-infrared photodetectors in polycrystalline Ge on Si
Stimulated emission from as-grown GaN hexagons by selective area growth hydride vapour phase epitaxy
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- Author(s): A.A. Zaporozhets and M.F. Levy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1971 –1972
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981342
- Type: Article
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p.
1971
–1972
(2)
Two novel marching techniques for radar cross-section calculation of three-dimensional perfectly conducting objects are discussed: the vector parabolic equation and the current marching technique. They provide substantial speed-up since the solution is marched through the computational domain plane by plane instead of treating all the points simultaneously.
Radar cross-section calculation with marching methods
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- Author(s): Z. Lao ; A. Thiede ; J. Hornung ; M. Schlechtweg ; H. Lienhart ; W. Bronner ; A. Hülsmann ; T. Jakobus ; J. Seibel ; M. Sedler ; G. Kaufel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1973 –1974
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981336
- Type: Article
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p.
1973
–1974
(2)
A divide-by-two dynamic frequency divider based on enhancement and depletion 0.2 µm gate length pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs-HEMTs (fT = 68 GHz and 60 GHz) was designed and fabricated. High-speed operation up to 55 GHz has been measured. The circuit is based on source-coupled FET logic and has single-ended input and complementary outputs to ground. The power consumption is 300 mW using two supply voltages of 4 and –2.5 V. - Author(s): A. Santarelli ; F. Filicori ; G. Vannini ; P. Rinaldi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1974 –1976
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981351
- Type: Article
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p.
1974
–1976
(3)
A new approach is proposed which takes into account both traps and thermal phenomena for the modelling of deviations between static and dynamic drain current characteristics in III-V field effect transistors. The model is based on the well-known ‘backgating’ concept and can easily be identified on the basis of conventional static drain current characteristics and small-signal, low-frequency S parameters. Experimental results confirm the accuracy of the proposed model. - Author(s): D. Xu ; J. Osaka ; T. Suemitsu ; Y. Umeda ; Y. Yamane ; Y. Ishii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1976 –1977
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981231
- Type: Article
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p.
1976
–1977
(2)
It is shown that a further performance improvement in MODFETs with InAs-inserted channel structures can be achieved by properly designing the subchannel layer that lies directly under the main channel of the InAs layer. The use of an In0.30Ga0.70As layer grown with tensile strain on the InP substrate contributes to better accommodation of the 2D electron gas in the InAs layer. This translates to a > 10% increase in the maximum extrinsic transconductance and an 8% increase in the current gain cutoff frequency of a 0.1 µm device. - Author(s): P. Masson ; G. Ghibaudo ; J.L. Autran ; P. Morfouli ; J. Brini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1977 –1979
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981122
- Type: Article
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p.
1977
–1979
(3)
The influence of the quadratic attenuation mobility factor on the low frequency 1/f noise in MOS transistors is investigated. By taking into account the correlated mobility fluctuations, the influence of the surface roughness scattering on the input referred noise under strong inversion is analysed. The quadratic attenuation mobility factor is found to reduce the impact of the mobility fluctuations on the normalised drain current noise. - Author(s): T. Zimmer ; J.B. Duluc ; N. Lewis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1979 –1980
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981219
- Type: Article
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p.
1979
–1980
(2)
A new method is presented for calculating the forward transit time of bipolar junction transistors. The method uses three easily extractable SPICE parameters from the Gummel Poon model. No S parameter measurements are necessary to determine the forward transit time, only DC and C(V) measurements need to be performed, and no technological information is needed.
55 GHz dynamic frequency divider IC
‘Backgating’ model including self-heating for low-frequency dispersive effects in III-V FETs
Impact of subchannel design on DC and RF performance of 0.1 µm MODFETs with InAs-inserted channel
Influence of quadratic mobility degradation factor on low frequency noise in MOS transistors
Method for BJT transit time evaluation
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- Author(s): S.C. Shin and S.B. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1980 –1981
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981368
- Type: Article
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p.
1980
–1981
(2)
The control problem of nonlinear processes is handled by using a GA-based optimisation technique. A three-layered neural network is used to generate future predicted outputs of the controlled process. Level control of a simulated tank is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. - Author(s): J.W. Kim ; B.M. Kim ; J.Y. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1982 –1983
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981369
- Type: Article
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p.
1982
–1983
(2)
A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to determine membership functions in situations where fuzzy traffic control rules are given by human operators. To find membership functions showing good performance, the authors use a simulation approach while conventional methods are used to compute mathematical functions. In the simulation approach, the fitness value of a chromosome is determined by the use of a performance measure that is obtained by a traffic simulator. - Author(s): A. Shaout and P. McAuliffe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 20, p. 1983 –1985
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981134
- Type: Article
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p.
1983
–1985
(3)
The authors present a batch job scheduler for a distributed system which utilises a fuzzy logic algorithm to balance the load on individual processors and maximise the throughput of the overall system. The fuzzy algorithm has been implemented in a production processing environment rather than in simulation only. The power and simplicity of a fuzzy load balancing algorithm incorporated into a batch job scheduler is demonstrated, producing excellent performance and reliable characteristics.
GA-based predictive control for nonlinear processes
Genetic algorithm simulation approach to determine membership functions of fuzzy traffic controller
Job scheduling using fuzzy load balancing in distributed system
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