Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 34, Issue 16, 6 August 1998
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Volume 34, Issue 16
6 August 1998
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- Author(s): YichuangSun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1533 –1534
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981079
- Type: Article
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A two integrator loop structure with six operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and two capacitors has been proposed by Sánchez-Sinencio, et al. However, the filter functions which can be provided by this general architecture have not been available to date, although its special four OTA and two OTA derivatives have been studied. It will be demonstrated that this circuit, with voltages applied to the input terminals of the OTAs inside the loops and output voltages from the circuit nodes inside the loops, offers many very useful and interesting functions such as LP, BP, HP, BS, LPN, HPN and AP without using floating capacitors, coefficent difference nulling and additional OTAs. Other existing two integrator loop structures cannot offer all the functions under similar conditions.
Note on two integrator loop OTA-C configurations
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- Author(s): M. Himdi ; O. Lafond ; S. Laignier ; J.P. Daniel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1534 –1536
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981128
- Type: Article
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The finite thickness of the ground plane is taken into account to improve the cavity model, and also because a thick ground plane may be a mechanical support for thin substrates and allow reporting of monolithic microwave integrated circuitry. Three simple methods are considered and the results are compared to experiments. One of these methods gives particularly good results and is used to investigate the effect of thickness on impedance matching. - Author(s): G.J. Walker and J.R. James
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1536 –1537
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981135
- Type: Article
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The fractal volume antenna concept is introduced in order to increase the degree of design freedom associated with fractal antenna elements and hence improve their input matching characteristics. Practical examples are given involving the Sierpinski triangular gasket monopole and a novel Sierpinski carpet gasket microstrip antenna. The scope for further optimisation and some manufacturing aspects are noted. - Author(s): A.D. Wunsch
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1537 –1539
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981074
- Type: Article
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A Fourier series method is presented for determining the self and mutual admittance between two generators driving a monopole antenna. It is shown that the admittances are useful in practical problems involving a monopole with a lumped load. They are applied to the loading of a base driven monopole to produce an outgoing travelling wave between generator and load. - Author(s): F. Cesbron and R. Arnott
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1539 –1540
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981090
- Type: Article
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The authors consider the problem of accurate estimation of the position of a GSM mobile station based on measurements of the mobile signal made at a single receiving site equipped with an antenna array. Direction of arrival and time of arrival measurements are used to estimate the location of the mobile transmitter. A statistical filtering technique is applied to the location estimates to minimise the effects of multipath fading. Experimental results with a DCS-1800 system are presented which achieve an r.m.s. location error of 133 m, with the error being < 250 m for 98% of the time. - Author(s): L. Landesa ; F. Obelleiro ; J.L. Rodríguez ; J.A. Rodríguez ; F. Ares ; A.G. Pino
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1540 –1542
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981081
- Type: Article
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A new technique for synthesising array antennas in the presence of arbitrary obstacles in the near field region is presented. This technique allows a prescribed far field pattern to be synthesised, while trying to avoid coupling with near field obstacles through the constraint of minimising the radiated power over the obstacle surface. Some results have been obtained showing that the obstacles are finally isolated from the array antenna radiation. - Author(s): Kin-LuWong and Ming-HuangChen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1542 –1543
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981100
- Type: Article
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A novel design of small slot-coupled circularly-polarised circular microstrip antenna with a modified cross-slot cut in the patch and a bent tuning-stub aligned along the patch boundary is proposed and experimentally studied. Results show that, for fixed circular polarisation (CP) operation, the antenna proposed can have an antenna size reduction of ~80%, as compared to a regular-size CP design. The significant size reduction of the proposed antenna is due to the novel modified cross-slot cut in the patch, and CP operation is obtained using a bent tuning-stub incorporating a properly oriented coupling-slot in the ground plane of the microstrip feed line.
Extension of cavity method to analyse aperture coupled microstrip patch antenna with thick ground plane
Fractal volume antennas
Loaded monopole antenna: Fourier series and admittance coefficient analysis
Locating GSM mobiles using antenna array
Pattern synthesis of array antennas with additional isolation of near field arbitrary objects
Small slot-coupled circularly-polarised microstrip antenna with modified cross-slot and bent tuning-stub
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- Author(s): H. Budzisz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1543 –1545
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981129
- Type: Article
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A new method based on a genetic algorithm is presented to search for graphs representing structures of circuits with a given transfer function. Operational transconductance amplifier-capacitor filters consisting of lossy and lossless integrators have been taken as an example. - Author(s): Sung-SooHong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1545 –1547
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981104
- Type: Article
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The conventional small-signal model in the discontinuous conduction mode for constant off-time control becomes increasingly inaccurate as the conversion ratio increases. A new model is proposed which takes account of the fact that the switching interval is not constant. - Author(s): J.E. Post ; I.R. Linscott ; M.H. Oslick
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1547 –1548
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981111
- Type: Article
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The authors formalise and expand an empirically observed waveform symmetry condition which minimises the transformation of low-frequency noise into the close-in phase noise spectrum of an electrical oscillator. The result provides an insight into the impact of waveform symmetry on the phase noise performance of electrical oscillators.
Evolutional searching for circuit structures
Refined small-signal model in DCM for constant off-time control
Waveform symmetry properties and phase noise in oscillators
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- Author(s): M.H. Ng and S.W. Cheung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1548 –1550
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981088
- Type: Article
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A novel fading estimation technique is introduced to substantially reduce the bandwidth redundancy of pilot symbol aided systems in multipath environments. The results of computer simulation tests are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique on the BER performances of 16QAM. - Author(s): Jia-ChinLin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1550 –1551
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981040
- Type: Article
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A RAKE receiver achieving joint blind multipath diversity combining and code tracking is proposed. An improved known modulus adaptive algorithm is exploited to perform multipath diversity combining and to support the modified code tracking in the blind mode. Computer simulation results have indicated very attractive behaviour of the proposed technique. - Author(s): C. Tellambura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1551 –1552
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981125
- Type: Article
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- Author(s): J. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1552 –1554
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981119
- Type: Article
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An FSFG can be used to obtain a rate-optimal schedule. There are some criteria to measure the optimality. Normally, an iteration period bound (IPB) is used for the optimal implementation. If an iteration period (IP) is the same as the IPB, the schedule is called rate-optimal. Unfolding can reduce the IP and guarantee rate-optimal schedules with an optimum unfolding factor. A new unfolding procedure, called JK's unfolding, is introduced which has low complexity and can be described using graphical methods. - Author(s): A.T. Clausen ; K.S. Jepsen ; H.N. Poulsen ; A. Buxens ; B. Mikkelsen ; K.E. Stubkjaer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1554 –1555
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981082
- Type: Article
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An interface for converting non-return to zero (NRZ) and RZ input signals to RZ output signals at 10 Gbit/s based on two all-optical wavelength converters is demonstrated. The interface performs bit-synchronisation and format and wavelength conversion combined with 3R regenerative capabilities, including jitter-to-amplitude modulation transfer suppression. - Author(s): S. Weiß ; A. Stenger ; R. Rabenstein ; R.W. Stewart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1555 –1557
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981106
- Type: Article
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The authors evaluate error performance limitations in oversampled subband adaptive filter applications based on an analysis of aliasing in the subband signals. The power spectral density of the minimum error signal is given by the aliased signal components. The presented analysis closely agrees with simulation results. - Author(s): Joo E.Kim ; Suk H.Yoon ; Sung J.Kang ; Chang E.Kang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1557 –1558
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981080
- Type: Article
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Detection using a code orthogonalising filter in the reverse link of a multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system is discussed. In addition, a scheme which can reduce hardware complexity is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed MC-CDMA system has superiority in performance over an MC-CDMA system under a multi-user environment. - Author(s): Oh Sang Kwon and Il Whan Cha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1559 –1560
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981083
- Type: Article
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A robust multichannel active noise control system based on the combination of feedforward and feedback control systems is presented. The proposed active control system can have faster convergence speed and higher performance than those of the multiple-error filtered-x LMS (least mean square) active control system. - Author(s): G.D. Cain ; K.V. Lever ; A. Yardim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1560 –1561
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981131
- Type: Article
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The probability density function arising from multiplication of two independent random variables has been extensively treated by statisticians, yet some common signal processing product situations have not been analysed. An important example of this omission is the amplitude modulation of a Gaussian process. Here, a little-known Hankel transform-based procedure provides a ready solution for this problem and many other types of random modulation signals. Several new modulation results are tabulated in graphical form and it is also shown that half-amplitude sinusoidal processes added yield the same distribution as their (unit-amplitude) product. - Author(s): Z.D. Lei and T.J. Lim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1561 –1563
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981109
- Type: Article
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The multistage linear receiver of Moshavi et al. was designed to approximate the decorrelating detector and the MMSE detector without calculating the inverse of the cross-correlation matrix R of the spreading codes directly. However, it is complicated by the need to calculate a set of weights using a procedure involving the inverting of a large matrix. A modified structure is proposed to accomplish the same task without the need for computationally-intensive procedures such as matrix inversion. - Author(s): FangSun and GuangruiHu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1563 –1564
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19980096
- Type: Article
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Based on global optimisation, a new genetic algorithm for training hidden Markov models (HMMs) is proposed. The results of speech recognition are presented and a comparison made with the classic training HMM algorithm. - Author(s): A. Annamalai ; C. Tellambura ; V.K. Bhargava
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1564 –1565
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981105
- Type: Article
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Computationally efficient expressions are presented for evaluating the symbol-error rates of coherent and differentially coherent M-ary phase-shift-keying signalling in conjunction with maximal-ratio combining diversity receivers in fading scenarios. - Author(s): M.H. Sedaaghi and Q.H. Wu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1566 –1567
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981117
- Type: Article
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A novel morphological filter using weighted morphological operators is presented. The newly introduced operators employ a weighted structuring element and apply multiplication or division in place of addition and subtraction in classical morphological operations. Experimental results prove that the new operators' performance dominates those of classical operators for signals/images buried in salt&pepper, speckle and Gaussian noise. - Author(s): Ki Yong Lee and SouhwanJung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1567 –1568
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981107
- Type: Article
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The authors investigate the problem of nonlinear adaptive equalisation in the presence of intersymbol interference, additive white Gaussian noise and co-channel interference. An extended radial basis function (RBF) network is proposed, in which regression weights are used in the output layer and the hidden unit is defined to have the Gaussian formula with the Mahalanobis distance. It is shown by simulation that the proposed structure gives reduced computational complexity without performance degradation, compared to that of the conventional RBF equaliser.
Bandwidth-efficient pilot symbol aided technique
Blind RAKE receiver with joint diversity combining and code tracking for DS/SS communication
Comment: Bit error rate performance of π/4 DQPSK for Nakagami-lognormal channels
Efficient unfolding procedure for DSP applications
Interface for 10 Gbit/s bit-synchronisation and format and wavelength conversion with 3R regenerative capabilities
Lower error bound for oversampled subband adaptive filters
Multi-carrier CDMA system using a code orthogonalising filter
Multichannel optional summed algorithm for active noise control
Probability density functions of amplitude-modulated random signals
Simplified polynomial-expansion linear detectors for DS-CDMA systems
Speech recognition based on genetic algorithm for training HMM
Unified analysis of MPSK and MDPSK with diversity reception in different fading environments
Weighted morphological filter
Extended adaptive RBF equaliser for overcoming co-channel interference
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- Author(s): J.W.M. Bergmans ; J.O. Voorman ; S. Brittenham
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1569 –1570
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981114
- Type: Article
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Existing write-precompensation schemes for digital magnetic recording are partly digital and have a restricted memory span. The simple scheme presented here is fully analogue and has arbitrary memory span. - Author(s): A. Aggoun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1570 –1571
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981142
- Type: Article
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p.
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A new two's complement parallel multiplier architecture is proposed. It is based on the partitioning of one of the operands into four groups. Array multipliers without the final adder are used to produce eight partial product terms. This allows more efficient use of 4:2-compressors in the intermediate stages. It is shown that the proposed multiplier has better performance than existing designs with respect to both area and speed.
Analogue write-precompensation scheme for digital magnetic recording
Two's complement parallel multiplier
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- Author(s): T. Şengör
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1571 –1573
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981093
- Type: Article
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The electromagnetic phenomena around inflection points are studied from a new point of view in order to co-ordinate inflective shapes analytically. To obtain the exact solutions, new co-ordinate systems are defined. The family of these co-ordinate systems is, on the whole, collected as inflective co-ordinate systems. The differential equations obtained using these new co-ordinate systems are solved by extending the usual separation method. These extensions bring out new, special functions and series. The results achieved clarify the physics of inflection points. In addition, the electrostatic field is calculated around inflection points. - Author(s): Lj.R. Cander ; M.M. Milosavljevic ; S.S. Stankovic ; S. Tomasevic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1573 –1574
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981113
- Type: Article
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An artificial neural network method is applied to the development of an ionospheric forecasting technique for one hour ahead. Comparisons between the observed and predicted values of the critical frequency of the F2 layer, foF2, and the total electron content (TEC) are presented to show the appropriateness of the proposed technique.
Contribution of inflection points to field
Ionospheric forecasting technique by artificial neural network
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- Author(s): E. Park and K. Wohn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1574 –1575
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981078
- Type: Article
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A spatio-temporal model for estimating an optimal image motion field is derived and used for flow estimation. Incorporated with the gradient-based flow estimation method, the newly proposed flow model improves the accuracy considerably.
Spatio-temporal model for image motion
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- Author(s): A.R. Brenner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1576 –1577
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981126
- Type: Article
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Polyphase Barker sequences are finite-length, uniform complex sequences; the magnitudes of their aperiodic autocorrelation sidelobes are bounded by 1. Polyphase Barker sequences with lengths up to 45 and alphabet sizes up to 120 are presented, which are found using a stochastic optimisation procedure. - Author(s): W.J. Gross and P.G. Gulak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1577 –1578
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981120
- Type: Article
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A simplification of the MAP decoder for use in turbo decoders is presented. The simplification eliminates the need for a ROM or multiplexor-tree lookup table and replaces it with a constant value. Simulations show that the performance of turbo decoders is not adversely affected by this simplification.
Polyphase Barker sequences up to length 45 with small alphabets
Simplified MAP algorithm suitable for implementation of turbo decoders
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- Author(s): S. Gal ; G. Cathébras ; Y. Bertrand
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1578 –1579
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981097
- Type: Article
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A novel circuit is proposed for measuring small resistance variations. The method uses a ΣΔ modulator to balance a current controlled resistor bridge. This allows direct analogue to digital conversion without using a high precision instrumentation amplifier.
Measurement of small resistance variations using ΣΔ technique
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- Author(s): R. Pullela ; D. Mensa ; Q. Lee ; B. Agarwal ; J. Guthrie ; S. Jagannathan ; M.J.W. Rodwell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1580 –1581
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981103
- Type: Article
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In addition to an ultrahigh heterojunction bipolar transistor bandwidth, the transferred-substrate process offers the significant advantages of a low parasitic microstrip wiring environment and a low thermal impedance environment. The first digital integrated circuits using this technology, D-flipflops connected as 2:1 static frequency dividers, are reported. - Author(s): X. Wu and J. Wei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1581 –1582
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981095
- Type: Article
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The authors use the narrow pulse produced by the race-hazard of the clock signal to control the latch, so as to meet the ‘non-transparent’ demand. Based on this principle, a novel CMOS edge-triggered flip-flop using one latch is proposed which has a simpler construction and lower power dissipation than previous flip-flops.
48 GHz static frequency dividers in transferred-substrate HBT technology
CMOS edge-triggered flip-flop using one latch
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- Author(s): D. Zauner ; K. Kulstad ; J. Rathje ; M. Svalgaard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1582 –1584
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981091
- Type: Article
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The coupling loss between directly UV-written planar waveguides and standard telecom fibre has been reduced by index matching the three layer structure used for UV writing. Insertion losses down to 0.1 dB for 3 cm long waveguides have been achieved.
Directly UV-written silica-on-silicon planar waveguides with low insertion loss
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- Author(s): K. Nakahara ; K. Uomi ; T. Taniwatari ; T. Haga ; T. Toyonaka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1584 –1585
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981096
- Type: Article
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It is experimentally demonstrated that n-type modulation-doping reduces turn-on delay time at high temperatures in 1.3 µm InGaAsP strained multiquantum well lasers. As a result of the reduced turn-on delay time, a clear eye opening under 1 Gbit/s zero-bias modulation is achieved at high temperatures. - Author(s): C. Degen ; J.-L. Vey ; W. Elsäßer ; P. Schnitzer ; K.J. Ebeling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1585 –1587
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981099
- Type: Article
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The authors generate amplitude noise squeezed light with both lateral and polarisation singlemode VCSELs. The lasers show 0.9 dB of squeezing for a polarisation mode suppression ratio (PMR) of > 20 dB. A direct relationship is observed between the PMR and the laser noise. - Author(s): E.H. Aifer ; W.W. Bewley ; C.L. Felix ; I. Vurgaftman ; L.J. Olafsen ; J.R. Meyer ; H. Lee ; R.U. Martinelli ; J.C. Connolly ; A.R. Sugg ; G. Olsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1587 –1588
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981136
- Type: Article
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An optically-pumped type-II W laser emitting at 3.4 µm operated CW up to 220 K, with a characteristic temperature of 51 K for the range 78–220 K. At 78 K, the output power was 90 mW from a 12 µm wide stripe, and the differential power conversion efficiency was 2.9% per facet (uncoated). - Author(s): K. Mukai ; Y. Nakata ; H. Shoji ; M. Sugawara ; K. Ohtsubo ; N. Yokoyama ; H. Ishikawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1588 –1590
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981075
- Type: Article
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Lasers with a new type of quantum dot achieve low threshold current and high output power. By supplying a small amount of InAs and GaAs alternately on GaAs substrates, dots with high uniformity and high emission efficiency were self-assembled. The lasers exhibited a threshold current of 5.4 mA, a current density of 160 A/cm2, and an output power of 110 mW at room temperature. - Author(s): R.V. Dalal ; R.J. Ram ; R. Helkey ; H. Roussell ; K.D. Choquette
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1590 –1591
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981087
- Type: Article
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Signal distortion in a short wavelength vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is studied. The spurious free dynamic range is found to be 104.3 dB Hz2/3 at 102 MHz and 98 dB Hz2/3 at 1 GHz, which approaches the dynamic range of Fabry-Perot and DFB lasers, and is 20 dB higher than previously reported for VCSELs. - Author(s): H. Shimizu ; K. Kumada ; N. Yamanaka ; N. Iwai ; T. Mukaihara ; A. Kasukawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1591 –1593
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981076
- Type: Article
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A very low CW threshold current of 0.9 mA has been obtained in a 1.3 µm InAsP n-type modulation doped MQW laser at room temperature. This is the lowest threshold current ever reported for long-wavelength lasers using n-type modulation doping, and the lowest result grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy in the long wavelength region.
1 Gbit/s zero-bias operation of 1.3 µm InGaAsP n-type modulation-doped strained multiquantum well lasers
Amplitude noise squeezed light from polarisation singlemode VCSEL
CW operation of 3.4 µm optically-pumped type-II W laser to 220 K
Lasing with low threshold current and high output power from columnar-shaped InAs/GaAs quantum dots
Low distortion analogue signal transmission using vertical cavity lasers
Submilliampere threshold current in 1.3 µm InAsP n-type modulation doped MQW lasers grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy
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- Author(s): T. Fukusako ; Y. Seki ; N. Mita
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1593 –1594
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981102
- Type: Article
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Dispersion characteristics of the microstrip line using longitudinally magnetised ferrite subtrates were calculated numerically for the propagation frequency of the magnetostatic wave mode. The numerical results showed the quasi-TEM modes and higher-order modes of the magnetostatic surface wave mode which propagates transversely to the quasi-TEM mode. A cutoff behaviour was also confirmed. - Author(s): Chi-KeungNg and Kwok-Keung M.Cheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1594 –1595
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981101
- Type: Article
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The high frequency behaviour of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) is highly affected by the way in which the package is grounded. The authors investigate, by computer simulation and experiments, the effects of poor grounding and optimal allocation of ground vias on the performance of packaged MMICs.
Dispersion characteristic of microstrip line using ferrite substrate magnetised longitudinally
Effective allocation of ground vias for MMICs
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- Author(s): D. Anguita ; S. Ridella ; S. Rovetta
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1596 –1597
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981092
- Type: Article
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A circuital implementation of the learning phase of a new model of artificial neural network, the support vector machine, is proposed. It is shown that a Hopfield-type recurrent network can be easily implemented for this purpose.
Circuital implementation of support vector machines
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- Author(s): G. Onishchukov ; V. Lokhnygin ; A. Shipulin ; P. Riedel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1597 –1598
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981132
- Type: Article
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The authors experimentally demonstrate, in a fibre-loop setup, 10 Gbit/s return-to-zero propagation at 1.3 µm over more than 1500 km in a standard fibre using an optimised in-line semiconductor optical amplifier. System margins have been determined. - Author(s): J. Leuthold ; P.A. Besse ; E. Gamper ; M. Dülk ; St. Fischer ; H. Melchior
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1598 –1600
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981089
- Type: Article
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Monolithically integrated all-optical space switches with modes of different symmetry for the data- and control-signals are realised and tested at 10 GHz. The different symmetries of the modes allow the data- and control-signals to be introduced and extracted through different ports without additional losses of the data-signal. The control-signal passes the switch undisturbed and can be reused in a cascade of switches. - Author(s): I. Shake ; H. Takara ; K. Mori ; S. Kawanishi ; Y. Yamabayashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1600 –1601
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981110
- Type: Article
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The authors investigate the influence of inter-bit four-wave mixing on optical time division multiplexed transmission. The effect is caused by pulse broadening due to fibre dispersion and four-wave mixing between overlapped pulses. The authors also confirm this effect experimentally and show that there is an optimum pulsewidth to reduce both four-wave mixing and self-phase-modulation effects. - Author(s): Shien-KueiLiaw ; Keang-PoHo ; SienChi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1601 –1603
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981098
- Type: Article
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A dynamically selective wavelength add/drop multiplexer (WADM) and a multiwavelength cross-connect (M-XC) configuration for dense wavelength division multiplexed networks are proposed. Multiple channels add/drop and/or cross-connect can be realised according to the control of the optical switches and fibre Bragg gratings arrangement. The selective WADM and M-XC devices could provide more reconfigurable flexibility and survivability in WDM networks.
10 Gbit/s transmission over 1500 km with semiconductor optical amplifiers
Cascadable dual-order mode all-optical switch with integrated data- and control-signal separators
Influence of inter-bit four-wave mixing in optical TDM transmission
Multichannel add/drop and cross-connect using fibre Bragg gratings and optical switches
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- Author(s): I. Riant and B. Poumellec
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1603 –1604
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981139
- Type: Article
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A new description of the thermal decay of gratings written in hydrogen-loaded germanosilicate fibres is proposed. This model allows an accurate prediction of lifetime.
Thermal decay of gratings written in hydrogen-loaded germanosilicate fibres
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- Author(s): Seung-WooLee ; Jin-SangKim ; Chul-HiHan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1604 –1606
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981094
- Type: Article
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A new pixel arrangement for dot inversion liquid crystal displays with high image quality and low power consumption is proposed. With this method, the power consumption in the panel can be reduced remarkably (1/600 for SVGAs). This is compatible with conventional column/dot inversion driver ICs and can be realised by just shifting the start signals of even rows without additional circuitry.
Pixel arrangement for low-power dot inversion liquid crystal display panels
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- Author(s): A. Krier ; D. Chubb ; M. Hopkinson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1606 –1607
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981137
- Type: Article
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In0.87Ga0.13As/InAs0.70P0.30 double heterostructure light emitting diodes were grown on InP substrates using strain relaxed buffers by molecular beam epitaxy. The InAsP buffer incorporates a compositional step-back to reduce the threading dislocation density in the active region. Efficient electroluminescence at 2.7 µm was obtained at room temperature. A strong absorption is observed in the emission spectrum due to the presence of water vapour. - Author(s): M. Yoneyama ; Y. Miyamoto ; K. Hagimoto ; N. Shimizu ; T. Ishibashi ; K. Wakita
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1607 –1609
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981145
- Type: Article
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The authors propose a simple optical gate that uses an electroabsorption modulator driven by a high-speed and high-saturation output photodiode. The photodiode generates a 10 GHz short electrical pulse larger than 2 Vpp and directly drives the modulator. The optical gate demonstrates a 40 Gbit/s 4:1 demultiplexing operation. - Author(s): E. Lallier ; L. Becouarn ; M. Brévignon ; J. Lehoux
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1609 –1611
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981143
- Type: Article
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The authors report infrared difference-frequency generation in a high transmission diffusion-bonded GaAs stack. Using an LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator as the pump source, a conversion efficiency of 3.4 × 10–4, output energy of 2 µJ and 180 W peak power were obtained at 11.35 µm.
2.7 µm LEDs for water vapour detection grown by MBE on InP
40 Gbit/s optical gate using optical modulator driven by uni-travelling carrier photodiode
Infrared difference frequency generation with quasi-phase-matched GaAs
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- Author(s): K. Siwiak and H. Helmken
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1611 –1612
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981108
- Type: Article
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A simple signal simulation model is introduced for mobile radio channels. The model generates complex signals with predetermined statistics, power levels, correlations and cross-correlation, and is especially suitable for diversity reception investigations.
Multipath signal model with predetermined statistics
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- Author(s): V. Danelon ; P. Crozat ; F. Aniel ; G. Vernet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1612 –1613
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981130
- Type: Article
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A new high frequency noise measurement method has been developed for transistors based on the frequency dependence of the noise figure. Results for a 1 µm gate length MESFET are presented. - Author(s): D. Xu ; T. Enoki ; T. Suemitsu ; Y. Umeda ; Y. Yamane ; Y. Ishii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1614 –1615
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981118
- Type: Article
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It is shown that the threshold-voltage uniformity of 0.1 µm InAlAs/InGaAs-based modulation-doped field-effect transistors with different numbers of gate fingers and different gate widths can be improved when a thin cap-layer structure is employed. This improvement is based on the reduction of the recess time. This reduction suppresses the difference in etching that results from the different etching rates caused by the different electrochemical effects that occur because of the varied gate layouts.
Four noise parameter determination method for transistors based on the frequency dependence of the noise figure
Improving threshold-voltage uniformity of 0.1 µm InP-based MODFETs with different gate layouts
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- Author(s): M. Djadja ; A. Naamane ; N. Giambiasi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1615 –1616
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981112
- Type: Article
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The authors advocate the use of discrete event modelling and event driven simulation for systems by reducing the number of simulation steps and therefore providing the opportunity to study hybrid systems using only a discrete event paradigm.
Approach for discrete event simulation
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- Author(s): B. Barshan and B. Ayrulu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 34, Issue 16, p. 1616 –1617
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19981127
- Type: Article
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Performances of four methods of time-of-flight estimation for sonar signals are compared in terms of their bias, standard deviation and complexity: thresholding, curve fitting, m-out-of-N sliding-window, and correlation detection. Whereas correlation detection represents the theoretical optimum, simpler and faster suboptimal methods can offer acceptable performance at much lower cost. The experimental results are in close agreement with the simulations.
Performance comparison of four time-of-flight estimation methods for sonar signals
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