Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 31, Issue 23, 9 November 1995
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 31, Issue 23
9 November 1995
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- Author(s): Shen-IuanLiu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1965 –1966
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951381
- Type: Article
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p.
1965
–1966
(2)
A new configuration for realising current-mode filters using a single four-terminal floating nullor (FTFN) is presented. It can realise lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch and allpass filters from the same configuration. This configuration has a high output impedance, so the synthesised current-mode filters can be cascaded without additional buffers. Moreover, the resultant current-mode filters will be insensitive to the current tracking error of an FTFN. Experimental results that confirm the theoretical analyses are obtained.
Cascadable current-mode filters using single FTFN
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- Author(s): Y.M.M. Antar ; Z. Fan ; A. Ittipiboon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1966 –1967
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951391
- Type: Article
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p.
1966
–1967
(2)
The analysis of an arbitrarily inclined slot on the ground plane of a microstrip line is presented using the spectral domain approach and reciprocity theorem. Comparison of numerical results for the special case of a perpendicular slot with other available computed and measured data shows a good agreement. It is found that the impedance level can be controlled over a wide range by varying inclination angle. Results should be useful in antenna and multilayer circuit integration applications. - Author(s): P.R. Clark and G.L. James
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1968 –1969
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951364
- Type: Article
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p.
1968
–1969
(2)
A modified dielectric cone-loaded horn is described that maintains excellent return loss and pattern symmetry over a bandwidth ratio greater than 30:1. The mechanisms responsible for the extremely broadband operation and its application as a feed horn for a reflector antenna are discussed.
Analysis of an arbitrarily inclined slot on the ground plane of a microstrip line
Ultra-wideband hybrid-mode feeds
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- Author(s): H. Kanai ; M. Park ; N. Chubachi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1969 –1971
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951350
- Type: Article
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p.
1969
–1971
(3)
The authors propose a new method of measuring the frequency characteristics of phase velocity along a bone for bending vibration modes to diagnose its mechanical characteristics. By introducing a simple model of a distributed-constant network, the phase velocity is determined for each frequency from the spatial distribution of velocity along a radius bone surface which is measured by the ultrasonic Doppler method.
In vivo measurement of frequency characteristics of phase velocity of bone with bending vibration
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- Author(s): N. Cardona ; P. Möller ; F. Alonso
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1971 –1972
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951353
- Type: Article
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p.
1971
–1972
(2)
The applicability of different propagation models based on the Walfisch-Bertoni or the Walfisch-Ikegami formulations is studied. When this type of model is applied to real urban cells, large areas with errors often appear. The origin of some errors and a proposal to improve the applicability of Walfisch-type models, based on a measurement campaign, are described. - Author(s): I.E. Otung ; M.S. Mahmoud ; B.G. Evans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1972 –1973
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951378
- Type: Article
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p.
1972
–1973
(2)
A scheme is proposed for utilising measurements of radiowave amplitude scintillation at two frequencies for remote sensing of wind speed and atmospheric turbulence parameters. The main advantage of the method is that all quantities are estimated solely from measured scintillation parameters without the need for secondary measurements. It is shown that the method yields results which compare well with other measurements. - Author(s): P.J. Marshall ; K.W. Sowerby ; M. Shafi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1974 –1975
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951380
- Type: Article
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p.
1974
–1975
(2)
General techniques are presented to investigate the feasibility of spectrum sharing between a DS-CDMA mobile radio system and a fixed point-to-point microwave llnk. The requirements for spectrum sharing are determined for specific system parameters and indicate that, in many situations, spectrum sharing will be difficult to implement. - Author(s): ChanbumPark and Jae HongLee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1975 –1976
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951390
- Type: Article
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p.
1975
–1976
(2)
A new pulse shape of duration twice the symbol interval is proposed for bandwidth efficient modulation. The proposed pulse shape is obtained by convolving a square pulse shape with a sinusoidal frequency shift keying (SFSK) pulse shape. The power spectral density (PSD) of a signal with the proposed pulse shape shows less power in spectral sidelobes than that of a signal with overlapped raised-cosine pulse shape. - Author(s): A.N. Coles
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1976 –1977
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951357
- Type: Article
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p.
1976
–1977
(2)
Regulated mark inversion (RMI) is a new pseudoternary line code which minimises high-frequency spectral components in a similar way to the FDDI TP-PMD MLT3 code, and yet also has a bounded running digital sum. The code has significantly lower DC content than standard MLT3, and a lower high-frequency content than run-length-limited MLT3 codes. - Author(s): C.C. Kuo ; M.Y. Kuo ; M.S. Kuo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1978 –1979
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951346
- Type: Article
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p.
1978
–1979
(2)
The modelling and simulation of 2:1 balance-to-unbalance transmission-line transformers (balun TLT) are presented. The validity of the complete equivalent model of the basic 2:1 balun is confirmed by the excellent match between the simulated results and experimental data. This complete model makes a contribution to predict and explain the characteristics of the 2:1 balun, including low-frequency and high frequency operation. - Author(s): A. Wilde
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1979 –1980
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951394
- Type: Article
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p.
1979
–1980
(2)
In spread spectrum synchronisation the delay-locked loop (DLL) is widely used for PN-code tracking. A new DLL configuration using only one correlator to generate the timing error signal is presented. This reduces the hardware complexity of the code synchronisation. The structure of the new loop is described and performance results are shown. - Author(s): Chang-SeopPark
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1980 –1981
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951393
- Type: Article
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p.
1980
–1981
(2)
Based on linear algebra, a new session key distribution protocol suitable for mobile communication networks is proposed together with a user authentication protocol. The computational complexity of the proposed protocol is determined by just the multiplication of a matrix by a vector in a finite field.
Applicability of Walfisch-type urban propagation models
Dual frequency scintillation measurement for remote sensing
Feasibility study on spectrum sharing between a DS-CDMA mobile radio system and a fixed point-to-point microwave link
New bandwidth efficient overlapped pulse shape
New pseudoternary line code for high-speed twisted pair data links
Novel model of 2:1 balance-to-unbalance transmission-line transformer
Reduced complexity delay-locked loop
Session key distribution protocol based on linear algebra for mobile communication network
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- Author(s): W.Y. Wang and K.T. Lau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1982 –1983
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951345
- Type: Article
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p.
1982
–1983
(2)
A new logic structure, adiabatic pseudo-domino logic (APDL), which is the combination of adiabatic theory and CMOS domino logic is described. APDL circuits are compact, easy to cascade, and have outputs that are more stable than other adiabatic logic. Comprehensive circuit simulations show that APDL logic can recover over 80% of the energy dissipated in conventional static CMOS logic.
Adiabatic pseudo-domino logic
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- Author(s): M. Waters ; M. Price ; M.B. Sandler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1983 –1985
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951382
- Type: Article
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p.
1983
–1985
(3)
The Letter addresses the performance of a class of IIR digital filter structures that make a compromise between the standard cascade and parallel forms. The structures are easily generated and exhibit improved noise and coefficient sensitivity properties. In this work we present the results of bit level, fixed point simulations that demonstrate that the new structures are a superior alternative to the cascade and parallel structures.
Performance advantage of hybrid cascade/parallel high order recursive filters
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- Author(s): D.S.C. Biggs and M. Andrews
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1985 –1986
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951400
- Type: Article
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p.
1985
–1986
(2)
A maximum-likelihood iterative deconvolution algorithm is accelerated using a conjugate gradient technique with a minimum mean square error criterion. Significant acceleration over previous techniques is achieved with little additional computation. Restorations with and without noise are presented which indicate the number of iterations required reduces from O(N) to O(√N). - Author(s): Yih-GongLee ; Jia-HongLee ; Yuang-ChehHsueh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1986 –1988
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951398
- Type: Article
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p.
1986
–1988
(3)
A new method using a fuzzy hit-or-miss transform recognition procedure, which measures the degrees of fit of specified patterns within an image, is proposed for texture analysis. For a given texture, three optimal texture patterns (structuring elements) dynamically generated by genetic algorithms are used to inspect the degrees of fit by using the fuzzy hit-or-miss transform, respectively. The distribution of these degrees of fit, converted into a texture spectrum, is used as the texture feature for texture analysis. - Author(s): S. Emami and S.L. Miller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, page: 1988 –1988
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951383
- Type: Article
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p.
1988
(1)
In the Letter extended Hamming codes are utilised for error protection of DCT coded pictures. The SNR graphs and the subjective examination of the images demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique. - Author(s): L.M. Po ; W.T. Tan ; W.B. Wong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1988 –1990
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951343
- Type: Article
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p.
1988
–1990
(3)
A new colour quantisation and quadtree based image compression scheme is proposed. The features of the new scheme are that colour palette ordering and requantisation of the decoded image for palette-based monitor displays are not required. Thus, fast decoding and displaying can be achieved. - Author(s): T. Stathaki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1990 –1991
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951372
- Type: Article
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p.
1990
–1991
(2)
The problem of textured image analysis in the presence of noise is examined from a higher-order statistical perspective. The objective is to develop analysis techniques through which robust texture characteristics are extracted and used as inputs to a neural network classifier. The approach taken involves the use of autoregressive models derived from third order cumulants. The fundamental issues of the various components of the approach are described. The neural network used in this context is a multilayer perceptron trained using conjugate gradient techniques.
Conjugate gradient acceleration of maximum-likelihood image restoration
Genetic-based fuzzy hit-or-miss texture spectrum for texture analysis
Improved discrete cosine transform picture coding by utilising extended Hamming codes
Quadtree based colour quantisation image compression
Segmentation of textured surfaces using mixed order statistics and neural network classifiers
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- Author(s): Y.K. Seng and S.S. Rofail
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1991 –1993
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951351
- Type: Article
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p.
1991
–1993
(3)
A 1.5 V high speed low power current sense amplifier for CMOS SRAMs is described. The design is based on the current mode approach and it can be fabricated using a standard CMOS process. The sensing speed is independent of the bit and data line capacitances and no equalisation is needed during the read access. HSPICE simulations have shown that the proposed circuit outperforms the recently reported circuits in terms of speed and average power dissipation. - Author(s): M. Lang ; M. Berroth ; M. Rieger-Motzer ; Z.G. Wang ; A. Hülsmann ; P. Hoffmann ; G. Kaufel ; K. Köhler ; B. Raynor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1993 –1995
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951352
- Type: Article
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p.
1993
–1995
(3)
A broadband amplifier chip based on AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well FETs with 0.3 µm gate length has been designed and fabricated. The amplifier can be operated with single-ended or differential inputs with an input resistance of 50 Ω. The output signals are differential with both internal load resistances at 100 Ω, the chip area is 1×1 mm2, and the power consumption is ~375 mW. - Author(s): S. Crapanzano and D.A. Johns
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1995 –1996
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951379
- Type: Article
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p.
1995
–1996
(2)
A 2 V fully-differential SC integrator is developed for a standard double-poly CMOS without the need for clock or supply-voltage multiplication. The common mode at the integrator output is set to maximise the signal swing, and the common mode at the input to the OTA is set at the negative rail, maximising the overdrive on all the switches. Two capacitive common-mode adjustment networks are required to alleviate large leakage currents associated with parasitic junction diodes. A novel CMFB technique is proposed. Simulation results are presented for a 1.2 µm CMOS process. - Author(s): W.D. Grover ; J. Brown ; T. Friesen ; S. Marsh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1996 –1998
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951362
- Type: Article
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p.
1996
–1998
(3)
The authors describe an all-digital circuit for automatically controlling skew in the distribution of a clock or data signal over a single line. The circuit derives a compensating delay for any location such that a signal applied at one end emerges at the same global time at all sites. This is an alternative to delay-equalised hierarchical trees for use in large ICs, computers, and digital switches. A 3 µm CMOS prototype at eight sites spread over 16 m shows adaptive skew control to within +/- 1.5 primitive buffer delays of the process employed. A novel technique for accommodating metastability is involved in the design. - Author(s): T.G. Morris and S.P. DeWeerth
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1998 –1999
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951367
- Type: Article
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p.
1998
–1999
(2)
An analogue VLSI circuit that performs morphological image processing operations on the focal plane is presented. The circuit has been fabricated using a standard digital CMOS process. We exploit the parallelism of morphological image processing operations by using the massively parallel architecture of analogue VLSI arrays, achieving both high-speed and low-power computation. The analogue circuit presented computes the grey-scale morphological operation of dilation. This system also allows for programmability of the structuring element used in the dilation operation. - Author(s): C. Metra and M. Favalli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 1999 –2000
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951384
- Type: Article
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p.
1999
–2000
(2)
The Letter proposes an original 1/n dynamic checker (for any value of n) which is totally self-checking with respect to a wide set of realistic faults, including resistive bridgings. The proposed scheme combines high self-testing capability, low area overhead and the absence of static power consumption.
1.5 V high speed low power CMOS current sense amplifier
17 GHz broadband amplifier with 25 dB gain using a 0.3 µm AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs HEMT technology
2 V fully-differential SC integrator in standard CMOS
All-digital multipoint adaptive delay compensation circuit for low skew clock distribution
Analogue VLSI morphological image processing circuit
1-out-of-n dynamic CMOS checker
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- Author(s): D.C. Rogers ; J.V. Collins ; C.W. Ford ; P.J. Fiddyment ; J. Lucek ; M. Shabeer ; G. Sherlock ; D. Cotter ; K. Smith ; J.D. Burton ; C.M. Peed ; A.E. Kelly ; P. McKee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2001 –2002
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951360
- Type: Article
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p.
2001
–2002
(2)
A programmable 100 Gbit/s optical pulse pattern generator based on planar silica delay lines and semiconductor laser amplifier switches is demonstrated experimentally. The technology has key applications in ultrafast all-optical networks. - Author(s): S. Francois ; M. Filoche ; F. Huet ; S. Fouchet ; G. Hervé-Gruyer ; A. Ougazzaden ; J. Brandon ; N. Bouadma ; M. Carré ; A. Carenco
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2002 –2003
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951376
- Type: Article
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p.
2002
–2003
(2)
The authors report the design and first realisation of a grating-assisted horizontal directional coupler filter exibiting a highly reduced polarisation sensitivity (below 1 dB on the filtered channel) and a high sidelobe suppression ratio (>25 dB for both polarisations). This filter is particulary suitable for integration in a 1.3+/1.3-µm duplexer. - Author(s): E. Ollier ; P. Labeye ; F. Revol
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2003 –2005
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951354
- Type: Article
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p.
2003
–2005
(3)
A micro-opto-mechanical switch 1*2 has been achieved using a combination of two technologies, integrated optics and micromachining on silicon. The commutation is obtained by means of the mechanical deflection of a cantilever beam driven by an electrostatic force. The first functional results are reported. - Author(s): Y.P. Li ; C.H. Henry ; E.J. Laskowski ; C.Y. Mak ; H.H. Yaffe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2005 –2006
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951386
- Type: Article
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p.
2005
–2006
(2)
The authors present a filter designed to flatten the gain of an EDPA system over a 30 nm bandwidth. The filter consists of cascaded couplers and delays, and is fabricated with planar silica waveguides. The design is based on Fourier expansion, and our approach is generally applicable to other complex filters and other waveguide structures.
Demonstration of programmable optical pulse pattern generator for 100 Gbit/s networks
Horizontal directional coupler filter suitable for integration in a 1.3+/1.3-µm duplexer
Micro-opto mechanical switch integrated on silicon
Waveguide EDFA gain equalisation filter
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- Author(s): H. Chida ; K. Fukagi ; T. Miyazaki ; S. Ishikawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2006 –2008
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951361
- Type: Article
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p.
2006
–2008
(3)
Highly stable, temperature insensitive laser diodes emitting at 0.98 µm have been developed. A low 2.3 mA threshold current was achieved at 25°C, and a high 0.48 W/A slope efficiency was achieved at 100°C by optimising the waveguide structure, cavity length and front mirror reflectance. The power attenuation ratio from 25 to 100°C was as low as –0.8 dB under a 30 mA drive current. The eye-opening ratio was >94% up to 100°C under automatic power control (APC) free 600 Mbit/s modulation and 2.3 mA DC bias. - Author(s): J. Yu ; D. Huhse ; M. Schell ; M. Schulze ; D. Bimberg ; J.A.R. Williams ; L. Zhang ; I. Bennion
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2008 –2009
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951348
- Type: Article
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p.
2008
–2009
(2)
A chirped Bragg grating fibre external cavity semiconductor laser is hybridly modelocked to generate light pulses with perfectly linear wavelength chirp, resulting in Fourier-transform-limited 2.5 ps pulses incorporated with subsequent chirp compensation. The setup facilitates wavelength tunability across the whole grating bandwidth (15 nm) by changing the modulation frequency. - Author(s): J.F. Pinto ; L. Esterowitz ; G.J. Quarles
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2009 –2011
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951395
- Type: Article
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p.
2009
–2011
(3)
Improved gain-switched laser operation of cerium-doped LiCaAlF6 (Ce3+:LiCAF) and LiSrAlF6 (Ce3+:LiSAF) crystals is described. Pumping with the quadrupled Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm, the Ce3+:LiCAF laser delivers an output energy of 10.2 mJ at an operating wavelength of 288 nm, with a corresponding slope efficiency of 28%, and tunability from 281 to 315 nm. For the Ce3+:LiSAF laser, an energy of 5.4 mJ at 290 nm, slope efficiency of 16%, and tuning range extending from 283 – 313 nm are obtained. - Author(s): T. Okuda ; Y. Muroya ; H. Yamada ; T. Torikai ; T. Uji
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2011 –2012
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951375
- Type: Article
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p.
2011
–2012
(2)
An internal distortion cancellation mechanism in DFB-LDs caused by relaxation oscillation and longitudinal spatial hole burning has been revealed to realise low intermodulation distortion laser diodes used at high modulation frequencies. Extremely low distortion characteristics (IMD3 ≤ –80 dBc) were achieved at up to 2.2 GHz owing to the internal distortion cancellation effect. - Author(s): P. Evaldsson ; U. Eriksson ; B. Stålnacke ; S. Lourdudos ; J. Wallin ; O. Kjebon ; B. Willén
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2012 –2014
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951347
- Type: Article
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p.
2012
–2014
(3)
A 1.55 µm p-substrate laser with a very low threshold current of 1.7 mA and a high bandwidth of 14 GHz is demonstrated. This combination of low threshold current and high frequency response was accomplished by using strained quantum wells and semi-insulating blocking layers grown by hydride-VPE. The authors believe this is the first report on the combination of a low threshold current and a high frequency response for a p-substrate laser. This component will be useful in high speed parallel optical interconnects for future broadband systems. - Author(s): G.S. Li ; S.F. Lim ; W. Yuen ; C.J. Chang-Hasnain
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2014 –2015
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951389
- Type: Article
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p.
2014
–2015
(2)
Polarisation and modal behaviour are compared for very low threshold oxide confined and airgap confined vertical cavity lasers. Although both structures have nearly identical optical models leading to the same stable fundamental mode emission up to many times threshold, they show very different polarisation behaviours. Predetermined polarisation up to 18 times threshold is achieved for the oxide confined vertical cavity lasers. - Author(s): S. Hamidi ; M.E. Bray ; M.J. O'Mahony
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2015 –2017
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951399
- Type: Article
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p.
2015
–2017
(3)
The wavelength translation of an AM-VSB video signal by a gain-saturated semiconductor laser-amplifier is reported. In experiments CNR degradation caused by translation gave power penalties of 4.5 to 7.5 dB, over the carrier frequency range 50 to 1050 MHz.
25–100°C automatic power control free 600 Mbit/s modulation of 0.98 µm InGaAs/AlGaAs laser for high-speed data link
Fourier-transform-limited 2.5 ps light pulses with electrically tunable wavelength (15 nm) by hybridly modelocking a semiconductor laser in a chirped Bragg grating fibre external cavity
High performance Ce3+:LiSrAlF6/LiCaAlF6 UV lasers with extended tunability
Internal distortion cancellation mechanism in DFB lasers owing to relaxation oscillation and longitudinal spatial hole burning
Low threshold (1.7 mA) and high bandwidth (14 GHz) 1.55 µm p-substrate lasers using semi-insulating HVPE regrowth
Polarisation and modal behaviour of low threshold oxide and airgap confined vertical cavity lasers
Wavelength-translation of an amplitude modulated vestigial sideband video signal by a gain-saturated semiconductor-laser-amplifier
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- Author(s): T.Q. Deng ; M.S. Leong ; P.S. Kooi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2017 –2019
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951396
- Type: Article
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p.
2017
–2019
(3)
Very accurate and simple closed-form formulas for coplanar waveguide synthesis, approximated in terms of ordinary functions, are developed. Comprehensive comparisons have been made by using both a quasi-static analysis and a rigorous full-wave analysis. Accuracy is found to be better than 1% for most of the practical range. - Author(s): HongmingAn ; TongqingWang ; R.G. Bosisio ; KeWu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2019 –2020
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951363
- Type: Article
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p.
2019
–2020
(2)
Based on a rigorous analysis of finite element and curve fitting techniques, a set of accurate closed-form formulas are presented for the even and odd mode characteristic impedances of the coupled-lines made of two sliced coaxial cables. Compared with the rigorous solutions of the impedances, the values from the general expressions give an accuracy of >1% for a wide-range of cut depths and are suitable for all coupled lines with cables whose outer-inner conductor diameter ratio is between 1.4 and 10. These formulas can be applied to industrial applications of coupled lines. - Author(s): J.S. Hong and M.J. Lancaster
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2020 –2022
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951370
- Type: Article
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p.
2020
–2022
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A configuration for the realisation of canonical microstrip elliptic function narrow-band bandpass filters is proposed. The new filter configuration consists of two identical arrays of microstrip square open-loop resonators. The two resonator arrays are proximately placed on the same plane so as to allow nonadjacent electric and magnetic couplings to be realised and ajusted. A theoretical investigation has confirmed the feasibility. - Author(s): A. Rahal ; E. Boch ; C. Rogers ; J. Ovey ; R.G. Bosisio
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2022 –2023
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951371
- Type: Article
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p.
2022
–2023
(2)
The authors report a planar W-band frequency tripler based on a symmetrical multi-stack quantum barrier varactor (MSQBV). The circuit is realised using a standard hybrid circuit fabrication procedure. A prototype is fabricated and tested, a +3 dBm of output power is obtained at 90 GHz.
Accurate and simple closed-form formulas for coplanar waveguide synthesis
Accurate closed form expressions for characteristic impedance of coupled line with sliced coaxial cable
Canonical microstrip filter using square open-loop resonators
Planar multi-stack quantum barrier varactor tripler evaluation at W-band
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- Author(s): M. Faulkner ; D. Contos ; M. Johansson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2023 –2024
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951402
- Type: Article
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p.
2023
–2024
(2)
A power amplifier linearisation scheme using RF feedback is proposed. Stability compensation is provided using Cartesian baseband circuits. The method incorporates all the signal processing elements in the forward loop of the system as a means of eliminating nonlinear errors and noise introduced by the modulator/demodulator circuits.
Linearisation of power amplifiers using RF feedback
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- Author(s): M. Finocchiaro and R. Perfetti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2024 –2026
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951349
- Type: Article
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p.
2024
–2026
(3)
Some results are presented concerning the dynamic behaviour of reciprocal, continuous-time cellular neural networks (CNNs) in the presence of cell delay. Symmetrically connected CNNs with cell delay can oscillate if the delay is larger than a critical value depending on the cloning template. Empirical formulas are given relating the critical delay to the template Fourier transform. These results can be used as design guidelines taking into account the delays introduced in hardware VLSI implementations.
Relation between template spectrum and stability of cellular neural networks with delay
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- Author(s): B. Biotteau ; J.-P. Hamaide ; F. Pitel ; O. Audouin ; P. Nouchi ; P. Sansonetti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2026 –2027
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951368
- Type: Article
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p.
2026
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70 µm2 large effective area fibres are exploited in a 5 Gbit/s soliton transmission system over transoceanic distances. It is shown that the use of large effective area fibres improves the system performance by enhancing either the total transmission distance or the amplifier spacing. - Author(s): M. Suzuki ; I. Morita ; N. Edagawa ; S. Yamamoto ; H. Taga ; S. Akiba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2027 –2029
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951387
- Type: Article
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p.
2027
–2029
(3)
A novel soliton transmission scheme to suppress the accumulation of the Gordon-Haus jitter using periodic dispersion compensation and inline optical filters has been proposed. With 90% dispersion compensation rate and optimum optical filters, a Q2 of 19 dB and a large power window of 2 dB were confirmed for a 20 Gbit/s, 9000 km transmission system by using a 1000 km-long recirculating loop. - Author(s): Y. Tachikawa and Y. Inoue
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2029 –2030
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951392
- Type: Article
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p.
2029
–2030
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A tunable WDM-channel group drop filter (WCGDF) is proposed. The filter is based on a new arrangement, which consists of an arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer with the minimum number of inputs/outputs and optical gate switches. The spectral response of a 1.5 µm tunable WCGDF with a 0.8 nm spacing is successfully obtained and operation in accordance with the design is confirmed. - Author(s): K. Satzke ; D. Baums ; U. Cebulla ; H. Haisch ; D. Kaiser ; E. Lach ; E. Kühn ; J. Weber ; R. Weinmann ; P. Wiedemann ; E. Zielinski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2030 –2032
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951397
- Type: Article
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p.
2030
–2032
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Electroabsorption modulators with polarisation independence of chirp and transmission (TE/TM sensitivity <0.4 dB at 1550 nm) over a wide wavelength range from 1540 nm to 1560 nm have been realised using tensile strained InGaAsP quantum wells. The fabricated devices show 42 GHz modulation bandwidth and 1.8 V drive voltage, resulting in a high bandwidth-to-drive-voltage ratio of 23.3 GHz/V.
Enhancement of soliton system performance by use of new large effective area fibres
Reduction of Gordon-Haus timing jitter by periodic dispersion compensation in soliton transmission
Tunable WDM-channel group drop filters based on a smart device cofiguration
Ultrahigh-bandwidth (42 GHz) polarisation-independent ridge wavegulde electroabsorption modulator based on tensile strained InGaAsP MQW
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- Author(s): J. Botineau ; E. Picholle ; D. Bahloul
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2032 –2034
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951355
- Type: Article
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p.
2032
–2034
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Transverse material inhomogeneities yielding the guiding properties of any optical fibre also cause a variation of stimulated Brillouin resonance frequency, and thus a spectral broadening as well as a reduction of the overall SBS gain. A simple model defines an effective steady SBS gain, and may explain the dispersion of available measured values. - Author(s): P. Blanchard ; R. Clin ; L. Ducos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2034 –2035
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951359
- Type: Article
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p.
2034
–2035
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A method for accurate nonreflective event locating measurement is described. This technique is based on the comparison between the OTDR displayed and the calculated backscattering traces over an appropriate temporal window. A correlation function between both traces allows determination of the location of the nonreflective event, whatever its associated attenuation value.
Effective stimulated Brillouin gain in singlemode optical fibres
Improvement on nonreflective event locating accuracy with OTDR
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- Author(s): Y.K. Cho ; U.H. Cho ; J.H. Ko
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2035 –2037
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951377
- Type: Article
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p.
2035
–2037
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Theoretical results for Bragg-angle blazing in a strip grating on a grounded dielectric for the TE case are presented and compared with previous experimental results. Some characteristics of the blazing observed in the structure are discussed. - Author(s): J.P. von der Weid ; R. Passy ; G. Mussi ; N. Gisin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2037 –2038
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951358
- Type: Article
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p.
2037
–2038
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A high sensitivity coherent optical frequency-domain reflectometer (OFDR) is presented, for measurements of pigtailed optical devices with centimetre resolution. Unique interpretation of the reflectivity data is achieved by frequency shifting the reference reflection and using optical heterodyne detection. - Author(s): E.C. Heyde
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2038 –2039
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951356
- Type: Article
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p.
2038
–2039
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The authors present a theoretical approach for looking at the difference between passive and active optical recirculating delay line systems. It is shown that all systems that do not require high finesse responses can be constructed in a manner that avoids the need for amplifiers within the recirculating part of the network.
Blazing of periodic strip grating on a grounded dielectric: TE polarisation case
Self-heterodyne coherent optical frequency-domain reflectometer
Theoretical methodology for describing active and passive recirculating delay line systems
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- Author(s): E.M. Goldys ; G. Nott ; T.L. Tansley ; M. Henini ; M.A. Pate ; G. Hill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2040 –2041
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951366
- Type: Article
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p.
2040
–2041
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Measured dark I-V characteristics of multiquantum well nin structures with spacer layers are discussed. Detailed modelling shows the importance of nonuniform electric field attributed to potential barriers coincident with the spacers. The nonlinear I-V characteristics are controlled by the barrier height and by the resistive contribution to the barrier current. - Author(s): K. Wakita ; K. Yoshino ; I. Kotaka ; S. Kondo ; Y. Noguchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2041 –2042
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951369
- Type: Article
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p.
2041
–2042
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Low chirp (α < 1), polarisation-insensitive (<1 dB) electroabsorption modulator modules with high speed (~20 GHz) and high efficiency (1.5 V for a 20 dB on/off ratio) are fabricated by using strain-compensated InGaAs/InAlAs multiquantum well structures. These characteristics are obtained over a wide range of applied bias voltages and wavelengths near 1.55 µm.
Current-voltage nonlinearity in the multiquantum well nin modulator structure
High speed, high efficiency modulator module with polarisation insensitivity and very low chirp
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- Author(s): K. Fobelets ; G. Borghs ; J. Hegarty
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2042 –2044
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951401
- Type: Article
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p.
2042
–2044
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The authors demonstrate experimentally for the first time drain current drop-back at low drain voltages in GaAs MESFETs. This negative differential conductance is caused by the Gunn effect. The pronounced current drop-back is attributed to the special layer structure of the MESFET. - Author(s): T. Oka ; T. Tanoue ; H. Masuda ; K. Ouchi ; T. Mozume
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2044 –2045
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951388
- Type: Article
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p.
2044
–2045
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An extremely high-speed InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) using a self-alignment technique is described. A cutoff frequency (fT) of 209 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of 138 GHz were achieved by using a thin base width of 30 nm and reducing parasitic capacitance and resistance through a self-alignment technique. The maximum current gain was 102 and the collector-emitter breakdown voltage (BVCEO) was 5.2 V. - Author(s): ZuxinQin and E.M. Sankara Narayanan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2045 –2047
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951344
- Type: Article
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p.
2045
–2047
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A fast switching npn controlled lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (NC-LIGBT) suitable for high voltage integrated circuits is proposed. An open base npn transistor incorporated within the device strongly influences its on-state and switching behaviour. Further, by varying the ratio between n+/p+ regions or the concentration of the p well at the anode end, a suitable tradeoff between forward drop and turn-off time can be easily realised by this single gated device. - Author(s): E.D. Kim ; N.K. Kim ; S.C. Kim ; I.V. Grekhov ; T.V. Argunova ; L.S. Kostina ; T.V. Kudryavtseva
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2047 –2048
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951373
- Type: Article
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p.
2047
–2048
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An intimate contact between two silicon wafers with mirror-polished smooth surfaces, one grooved and another smooth, was perfomed by direct bonding technology. High structural quality was realised not only at the bonded interface but in the bulk. It was demonstrated that the artificial grooves were filled commensurate with dislocation gettering. The filling would be explained with mass-transport phenomena assisted by dislocation movement from initial contact boundaries toward groove surfaces. The suggested method also yielded an intimate bonding not only between {111} wafers strongly misorientod and slightly inclined to {111} basal planes but even between {111} and {100} orientation wafers. - Author(s): S. Sridhar and B.J. Baliga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2048 –2050
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951374
- Type: Article
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p.
2048
–2050
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A new EST structure, in which the lateral N-channel MOSFET is isolated from the thyristor by using SIMOX technology to eliminate the parasitic thyristor, is presented. This structure is experimentally demonstrated to exhibit high voltage current saturation at large gate biases beyond the breakdown voltage of the lateral N-channel MOSFET and a lower on-state voltage drop than the dual channel EST.
Experimental drain current drop-back in GaAs MESFETs
InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor with extremely high fT over 200 GHz
npn controlled lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor
Silicon direct bonding technology employing a regularly grooved surface
The SIMEST: an EST structure without parasitic thyristor achieved using SIMOX technology
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- Author(s): P.D. Olivier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2050 –2051
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951365
- Type: Article
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p.
2050
–2051
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Approximate system inverses are constructed in terms of truncated Laguerre series for lumped and distributed parameter systems. Two examples are presented: in the first, the approximate inverse of a scalar lumped system is compared to an approximate inverse obtained from the classical von Neumann series for the inverse; in the second, a system with a delay is inverted and compared to the von Neumann inverse. In both cases, the Laguerre approximate inverse was far superior. - Author(s): Lae-JeongPark and Cheoul HoonPark
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 31, Issue 23, p. 2051 –2053
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19951385
- Type: Article
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p.
2051
–2053
(3)
The Letter explains the application of a genetic algorithm (GA) to job shop scheduling problems with a new crossover and two kinds of mutation based on two representational schemes. Simulation results show that our genetic operators and representational schemes are very powerful and suitable to job shop scheduling problems.
Approximate system inverses
Genetic algorithm for job shop scheduling problems based on two representational schemes
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