Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 1967
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 3, Issue 1
January 1967
Effect of surface voids on the precise determination of the velocity of ultrasound in solids
- Author(s): W.J. Alton and A.J. Barlow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 1 –2
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670001
- Type: Article
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Accurate and reproducible values of ultrasonic phase velocity in solid specimens are obtained only if all surface voids and irregularities are filled by the material bonding the specimen under investigation to the buffer delay line. Experimental results are given which show that considerable attention to surface finish and bonding technique is necessary to obtain velocity accuracies better than within 1 in 104. With careful bonding, and by operation at high frequencies, results reproducible to within 3 parts in 105 can be obtained.
Partial versus total redundancy
- Author(s): Narsingh Deo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 2 –3
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670002
- Type: Article
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Contrary to common belief, one can achieve better reliability by triplicating only part of a computing machine rather than by triplicating the whole machine. The reliability figures for varying degrees of partial redundancy have been obtained. From such figures are derived conditions best suited to the totally redundant, partially redundant or nonredundant system.
Radiation from ring sources of electric or magnetic dipoles with different orientations in free space
- Author(s): S.N. Samaddar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 3 –5
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670003
- Type: Article
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Radiation from a horizontal ring of radial electric dipoles, the strength of which varies as exp (jnφ), is calculated for an unbounded medium by the saddle-point method of approximation. The cylindrical components of the radiated fields due to ring sources composed of radial, angular and vertical electric or magnetic dipoles, the amplitude of which varies as cos nφ (or sin nφ), are presented in a tabular form.
Travelling-wave 8 mm maser
- Author(s): Y. de Coatpont and A. Robert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, page: 5 –5
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670004
- Type: Article
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A prototype iron-doped-rutile travelling-wave maser has been developed; this maser operates in the 34–36GHz frequency range. Using a 5cm-long 900-parts-per-million-concentration crystal, typical gains of 20dB are obtained with bandwidth of 50MHz at 1.7° K. The noise temperature (without second-stage contribution) is less than 45° K.
Conjecture in system theory
- Author(s): B.D.O. Anderson and D.G. Lampard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, page: 6 –6
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670005
- Type: Article
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This letter proves that a time-invariant infinite-dimensional linear network cannot have identical behaviour to a time-varying finite-dimensional network, the proof depending heavily on advanced concepts in system theory.
Graphical illustration of the phase-matching condition in an optical-frequency convertor using lithium niobate
- Author(s): G. Chartier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 6 –7
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670006
- Type: Article
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A graphical illustration is given of the phase-matching condition in optical parametric oscillators and frequency multipliers using lithium niobate. It clearly shows the importance of index matching in such a process. The authors explain why, at a given frequency, the working temperature varies from one lithium niobate monocrystal to another. One can thus obtain the relation giving the frequency of a parametric oscillator versus the temperature.
Graphical analysis of a continuous-control hill-climbing system fitted for a process with an inertia after the extremal characteristic
- Author(s): C. Mira and E. Riberi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 7 –9
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670007
- Type: Article
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An extension of the graphical method used for the analysis of a pulse-control hill-climbing system fitted for a process with inertia after the extremal characteristic allows the behaviour of a hill-climbing system to be studied for continuous control.
Heteroparametric frequency dividers
- Author(s): F. Kouril and K. Vrba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 9 –10
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670008
- Type: Article
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The principle of a new electronic-circuit heteroparametric frequency divider with controlled nonlinear capacitive or inductive elements is presented, and its properties are analysed by the original method of equivalent circuits with dependent parameters. The results of the analysis correspond well with the experimental investigation. The described method is suitable, in its simplicity and physical interpretation, principally for application in engineering; it makes the evaluation of the transfer properties of either simple or more complicated heteroparametric nonlinear circuits possible.
Distance measurement by laser
- Author(s): Q.V. Davis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, page: 11 –11
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670009
- Type: Article
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The distance between two points can be found by comparison of the phases of the modulation on a transmitted laser beam and its reflected beam. This letter reports a result pertaining to the error which can arise if multiple propagation exists. The result is relevant where a co-operative target cannot be used.
Simultaneous low-frequency relaxation and high-frequency microwave oscillation of a bulk GaAs c.w. oscillator
- Author(s): S.V. Jaskolski and T.K. Ishii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 12 –13
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670010
- Type: Article
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A new mode of operation of a Gunn-effect diode has been observed, where the bulk GaAs oscillator simultaneously generates a low-frequency relaxation oscillation and a microwave oscillation. This operational mode results from the dynamic path moving into and out of the negative-resistance region.
Matched-termination network for multiple parallel transmission lines
- Author(s): Hiroshi Amemiya
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 13 –14
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670011
- Type: Article
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A matched-termination network for multiple parallel transmission lines is capable of absorbing all the possible TEM propagation modes without reflection. A general expression is presented for such a network when the transmission lines are lossless. If, in addition, the propagation velocities are all equal, a network can be designed by inspection.
Time-domain analysis of multiple parallel transmission lines by means of equivalent circuits
- Author(s): Hiroshi Amemiya
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 14 –15
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670012
- Type: Article
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Thévénin's equivalent circuit for a single transmission line is well known. The letter presents an application of Thévénin's equivalent circuit for multiple parallel transmission lines to the time-domain analysis of wave propagation over such lines. For purposes of illustration, a system of two coupled transmission lines is treated.
System design of a mutually synchronised system
- Author(s): H. Inose ; H. Fujisaki ; T. Saito
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 15 –16
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670013
- Type: Article
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Feasibility of overall synchronisation in a p.c.m. integrated communication system based on the mutual-synchronisation principle is described. Considerations are made of the basic design problem, which is to establish synchronisation in frequency as well as phase. An experimental system based on these considerations is described which is constructed to demonstrate the realisability of the principle.
Direct-reading dial for noise temperature and noise resistance
- Author(s): J.M. Diamond
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 16 –18
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670014
- Type: Article
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An attenuator arrangement for a noise generator is described. The scheme permits direct reading of both noise resistance and noise temperature—the latter with a choice of source resistance.
Calculations on surface-wave transmission lines with unrestricted radial dimensions
- Author(s): J.E. Lewis and M.M.Z. Kharadly
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 18 –20
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670015
- Type: Article
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Accurate expressions for power flow, power loss per unit length and attenuation coefficient are derived by the perturbation method. It is shown that the approximations used by Goubau, and hitherto generally applied, result in errors which increase rapidly for large values of phase-velocity reduction. Computations based on the accurate expressions for the TM01 mode are presented in the form of a design chart.
Pulsed-r.f. slot-antenna breakdown in air
- Author(s): M.H. Mentzoni and J. Donohoe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 20 –21
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670016
- Type: Article
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The formative time lag for pulsed-r.f. breakdown in dry air has been systematically measured as a function of gas pressure and antenna power level. A 0.4×0.9in slot was operated in the X band with powers ranging from 1 to 18kW and pressures ranging from 0.5 to 60torr.
Hall-effect analogue a.c. square-root computer
- Author(s): V.I. Miteva and B.I. Vichev
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 22 –23
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670017
- Type: Article
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A fully transistorised analogue a.c. square-root computer based on the Hall effect is described. The output of the computer—the Hall direct current—is directly proportional to the square root of the amplitude of the input voltage vi. The proportionality is maintained to within 4% for the input-voltage dynamic range 0.2mV ≤vi≤ 50mV. The characteristics of the computer at 50Hz are presented.
Method for the control of tunnel-diode oscillators
- Author(s): A.Y. Spasov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 23 –24
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670018
- Type: Article
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A new method for the control of tunnel-diode oscillators is proposed. Reliable starting and stopping of oscillators, by short pulses with unlimited repetition period, is obtained by placing the bias point near the valley of the tunnel-diode current/voltage characteristic.
Gunn-effect oscillators with vapour-grown contact layers
- Author(s): J.C. Bass ; A.L. Edridge ; J.R. Knight
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, page: 24 –24
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670019
- Type: Article
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A vapour phase epitaxy process is described for the growth of n+ gallium arsenide contact layers for Gunn-effect oscillators. X band oscillators incorporating these contacts have so far produced 30mW continuous power and efficiencies of 1.6%.
Design of parametric phase-locked subharmonic oscillator circuits for 3 GHz information rates
- Author(s): B.S. Thornton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 24 –26
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670020
- Type: Article
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A stability analysis of parametric phase-locked subharmonic tunnel-diode circuits capable of bistable phase operation has been made. A new type of computer-produced stability-chart plot shows regions of amplification\for desired harmonics used in directional-flow logic circuits, to allow design for subharmonic pumping.
Theory and experiments of the enhanced radiation from a plasma-coated antenna
- Author(s): A.M. Messiaen and P.E. Vandenplas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 26 –27
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670021
- Type: Article
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The plasma sheath existing between an antenna ana a surrounding plasma layer plays an essential role. It is predicted that, for a given operating frequency, there exist certain plasma densities for which the system is resonant, and this very strongly enhanced radiation is fully confirmed by experiments.
Voltage-transfer equalisation of general dissipative loads
- Author(s): N. Ramamurty
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 27 –28
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670022
- Type: Article
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This letter is concerned with the solution of the problem of synthetising equaliser networks for general dissipative loads when the voltage-transfer function is given as a function of the complex-frequency variable p=γ+jω. The necessary and sufficient conditions are given for both lossless and dissipative equaliser networks.
Sensitivity-matrix determination for a class of networks
- Author(s): L.P. Huelsman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 28 –29
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670023
- Type: Article
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Resonant-cavity technique for the measurement of leaky-wave complex propagation coefficients
- Author(s): A. Hessel and E. Torrero
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 29 –31
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670024
- Type: Article
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A resonant-cavity technique for the measurement of k/β diagrams (dispersion relations) of leaky-wave structures is discussed. Theoretical calculations and measured results are presented for a specific structure of the class of leaky-wave structures considered. The extension of this technique to more general smooth and periodic structures is indicated.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering in glasses
- Author(s): J.P. Budin ; A. Donzel ; J. Ernest ; J. Raffy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 31 –33
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670025
- Type: Article
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An experiment is described in which the laser-fracture threshold of glass is compared with the stimulated-Brillouin-scattering threshold and intensity. It is demonstrated by means of an alteration of the laser-emission spectrum, which acts on s.B.s. and not on fracturing, that the two effects are not related.
Magnetoelastic propagation and frequency conversion in a moving phase-velocity taper
- Author(s): G.E. Bennett and B.A. Auld
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 33 –35
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670026
- Type: Article
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Doppler frequency conversion of magnetoelastic echoes in a y.i.g. rod has been produced by applying linear time modulation to the biasing magnetic field. Shifts of several megahertz at 750 MHz are compatible with calculations which treat the phenomenon as propagation through moving phase-velocity tapers.
Spinwave-frequency conversion by adiabatic field pulsing
- Author(s): B.A. Auld ; J.H. Collins ; H.R. Zapp
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 35 –36
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670027
- Type: Article
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The principles for spinwave-frequency conversion by adiabatic field pulsing in a nonellipsoidal saturated ferromagnet are established. 1 port experiments conducted on a y.i.g. rod at L band, using spinwave injection, are described. Frequency translations of 186 MHz have been achieved. The conversion loss of the process was typically less than 3dB.
Equivalent-circuit parameters of a cylindrical-cavity resonator
- Author(s): M.P. Toman and T. Koryu Ishii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 36 –38
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670028
- Type: Article
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In this letter, a new approach is used to determine the parallel-equivalent-circuit parameters and the Q factor of a cylindrical-cavity resonator in the TM010mode. By this approach, agreement is reached between equivalent-circuit considerations and field-energy methods.
Charge equations of field-effect transistors
- Author(s): K. Tarnay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 38 –39
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670029
- Type: Article
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The application of the charge concept is proposed for determination of transient waveforms of field-effect transistors. The charge equations of field-effect transistors are derived, giving the drain current as a function of the charge transported by the gate current during the transient.
Gyrator-flotation circuit
- Author(s): D.F. Sheahan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 39 –40
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670030
- Type: Article
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Transistorised gyrator circuits that have been developed to date are grounded 2-port devices that can directly simulate only grounded inductances. To obtain floating inductances, it has been suggested that two such gyrators might be used, but the scheme requires very close matching of the gyrators. An alternative circuit is proposed which avoids this matching problem and can be used with most existing gyrators.
Bandpass-filter realisation using gyrators
- Author(s): D.F. Sheahan and H.J. Orchard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, p. 40 –42
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670031
- Type: Article
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An inductorless 16–20 kHz bandpass filter has been built to test the hypothesis that low-sensitivity inductorless filters can be constructed if all the inductors in an LC filter are replaced by their gyrator-capacitor equivalents. The measured results show that this filter has low component sensitivity and excellent temperature stability and can be constructed from moderate-tolerance components.
Erratum: Solution of a singular integral equation over a multiple interval and applications to multiple strips, grids and waveguide diaphragms
- Author(s): L. Lewin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, page: 42 –42
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670032
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Condition for ensuring a satisfactory stability range in a p.w.m. system using the method of Murphy and Wu
- Author(s): I.E. Zieden
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, page: 42 –42
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670033
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Stability criterion for p.w.m. feedback systems containing one integrating element
- Author(s): I.E. Zieden
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 3, Issue 1, page: 42 –42
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19670034
- Type: Article
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