Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 26, Issue 12, 7 June 1990
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Volume 26, Issue 12
7 June 1990
SC and pass transistor combined circuits
- Author(s): H.-L. Ho and K.C. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 769 –770
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900502
- Type: Article
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The pass-transistor structure provides a powerful tool for the implementation of binary and multiple-valued logic (MVL). Circuit realisation of any general MVL function using literals, MAX and MIN is easy. However, the resulting circuits have certain limitations. A combination of pass transistors (PT) with switched-capacitor (SC) circuits is shown to provide useful improvements.
Microchannel plate intensifier response in transverse magnetic field
- Author(s): S.W. Allison ; P.A. Ramos ; G.T. Gillies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 770 –772
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900503
- Type: Article
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Gain and image shift measurements are presented for a proximity-focussed microchannel plate (MCP) image intensifier as a function of magnetic field (to 0.12 T) transverse to the optical axis. A simple model involving the angle of electron deflection, end-spoiled channel length and effective open area is described which agrees with the experiment.
Investigation on spectral behaviour of novel direct coupling compound fibre ring resonator
- Author(s): J. Capmany and M.A. Muriel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 772 –773
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900504
- Type: Article
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A novel compound fibre ring resonator based on direct coupling rather than fibre loop reflectors is presented. Its performance under symmetric and asymmetric operation is investigated.
Bandpass characteristics of split-modes in asymmetric ring resonators
- Author(s): G.K. Gopalakrishnan and K. Chang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 774 –775
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900505
- Type: Article
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A new transmission line based theory is developed to study symmetric/asymmetric microstrip ring resonators. The selective splitting of odd modes in certain asymmetric structures can be used to realise bandpass filters. The theory predicts the characteristics of these resonators quite accurately.
Novel pressure sensors with multilayer SOI structures
- Author(s): G.S. Chung ; S. Kawahito ; M. Ishida ; T. Nakamura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 775 –777
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900506
- Type: Article
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A piezoresistive pressure sensor with multilayer SOI structures has been developed. First SOI layers were employed as an etch-stop layer. Double-heteroepitaxially grown second SOI layers were used as an electrically isolated strain gauge. This sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity and high temperature operation.
High voltage floating gate array transistors
- Author(s): M. Levinson ; P. Rossoni ; F. Rock ; B.M. Ditchek
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 777 –778
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900507
- Type: Article
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A new high voltage field-effect transistor is described. It features an array of uncontacted gate elements between the main gate and the drain which float so as to inhibit avalanche breakdown. Good agreement is obtained between model predictions and the performance of experimental devices fabricated in Si–TaSi2 semiconductor–metal eutectic material. Transistors are demonstrated which hold off up to 1000 V, compared with the avalanche breakdown potential of 300 V or less expected for conventional devices made with similarly doped silicon.
Kink-free AlInAs/GaInAs/InP HEMTs grown by molecular beam epitaxy
- Author(s): L.F. Luo ; K.F. Longenbach ; W.I. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 779 –780
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900508
- Type: Article
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Kink-free AlInAs/GaInAs/InP HEMTs have been fabricated from an MBE structure grown under normal growth condition. Devices with 1 μm gate-length exhibit an extrinsic transconductance of 450mS/mm and a maximum drain current of 600mA/mm which represent the best results for 1 μm gate devices. The DC output conductance shows no kink over the entire gate bias range. The elimination of the kink is attributed to the high quality AlInAs buffer layer and a low mismatch between the AlInAs buffer layer and InP substrate.
Contention-based reservation protocol in fibre optic local area network with passive star topology
- Author(s): H.B. Jeon and C.K. Un
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 780 –781
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900509
- Type: Article
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A contention-based reservation protocol using a separate control channel for a fibre optic local area network (LAN) with a passive star topology and WDM technology is proposed. Its delay-throughput characteristic is investigated.
Frequency dependent transmission characteristics of microstrip lines on the finite width substrate or near a substrate edge
- Author(s): A. Rong and S. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 782 –783
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900510
- Type: Article
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An accurate hybrid mode analysis of microstrip lines on the finite width substrate or near a substrate edge including finite metallisation thickness is described. The frequency dependent solutions for the transmission characteristics of the microstrip lines are presented. An approach for avoiding the calculation of higher modes in a rectangular waveguide partially filled with a dielectric is also introduced. The results provide useful information for the design of high packing density millimetre wave MMICs.
Asymmetric gain induced by longitudinal spatial carrier burning in semiconductor lasers
- Author(s): Y.-Z. Huang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 783 –784
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900511
- Type: Article
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Nonlinear gain caused by dielectric corrugation resulting from the cavity standing wave of a lasing mode in semiconductor lasers is investigated using the perturbation approach. The results show that the nonlinear gain spectrum is asymmetric when the linewidth enhancement factor α ≠ 0, and the possibility of single mode operation is greater at α = 0.
Minimisation of MOSFET-C filter sensitivity by changing connections of capacitors
- Author(s): B. Galiński
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 784 –786
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900512
- Type: Article
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The influence of the finite gain bandwidth-product of operational amplifiers on the centre frequency and quality factor of the dominant pole of resistively symmetric MOSFET-C filters is presented. It is proved that the capacitor connection for which the structure of the filter is resistively and capacitively symmetric minimises the influence of the gain bandwidth-product on the centre frequency and quality factor parameters of the pole.
Tunable couplers fabricated in K+/Na+ ion exchanged glass
- Author(s): R.A. Betts ; F. Lui ; E. Gauja
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 786 –788
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900513
- Type: Article
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The characteristics of optical directional couplers fabricated in K+/Na+ ion exchanged glass are shown to be dependent on the refractive index of the overlayer material. This effect was experimentally observed using index matching oils, and electrical switching using liquid crystal overlayers was demonstrated.
Power distribution in symmetric integrated optic X junction
- Author(s): S. Gevorgyan and A. Hovsepyan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 788 –789
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900514
- Type: Article
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Optical power distribution along cross channel waveguides is computed and compared with experimental results. It is shown that in such an X junction there is significant scattering of light at the crosspoint points of the waveguides. The coupling between waveguides near these points is also considered.
Field test measurement for 128 kbit/s QPSK signal transmission and delay time spread in 1.5 GHz-band land mobile radio
- Author(s): T. Furuno and S. Ogose
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 789 –791
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900515
- Type: Article
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High-speed digital signal transmission is a promising new field of communication services. In land mobile radio communication, transmission quality severely suffers from frequency selective fading under multipath radio wave transmission environments. Field test measurement results for 128 kbit/s QPSK signal transmission and delay time spread in the Tokyo metropolitan area are presented. The two-branch diversity reception method was adopted to combat fading. Bit error rate (BER) performance is obtained as a function of delay time spread.
Optical steering of dual band microwave phased array antenna using semiconductor laser switching
- Author(s): W. Ng ; A. Walston ; G. Tangonan ; J.J. Lee ; I. Newberg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 791 –793
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900516
- Type: Article
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The first microwave phased array antenna steered by optical delay lines is presented. Delay times specified by the antenna steering angle were implemented by switching bias currents of high speed lasers pigtailed to the fibre optic delay lines. No beam squint was observed in the radiation pattern of the antenna as its frequency was switched from the L to the X band.
Signal extrapolation from Hartley transform magnitudes
- Author(s): G.-S. Chen ; J.-L. Wu ; L.-S. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 793 –794
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900517
- Type: Article
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A novel approach to the problem of signal extrapolation from its Hartley transform magnitudes is presented. Using a newly defined function, it is proved that using only one known sample and the associated Hartley transform magnitudes a finite extended signal can be completely reconstructed. An algorithm for signal reconstruction from short-time Hartley transform (STHT) magnitudes with minimal window overlap can consequently be derived.
Analysis of arbitrarily shaped coax-fed microstrip antennas with thick substrates
- Author(s): D. Zheng and K.A. Michalski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 794 –795
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900518
- Type: Article
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Arbitrarily shaped, coax-fed microstrip patch antennas with thick substrates are studied using a mixed-potential integral equation approach. This incorporates a triangle-element model of the patch and a rigorous treatment of the probe-to-patch junction. Computed input impedance data are shown to agree well with measured results.
Inclusion of dispersive effects of microstrip lines in formulation using state-space approach of nonlinear microwave circuits
- Author(s): J.I. Alonso and F. Pérez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 795 –797
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900519
- Type: Article
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A method is presented to include the dispersive effects of transmission lines in microwave circuits in a formulation using a state space approach. The starting point are the IIR digital filter which approximate the forward impulse response and characteristic impedance.
Resonant tunnelling structures with very thin contact layers using nonalloyed Ge/Pd contacts
- Author(s): C. van Hoof ; J. Genoe ; M. van Hove ; PH. Jansen ; M. van Rossum ; G. Borghs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 797 –798
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900520
- Type: Article
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A resonant tunnelling diode with a 10 nm top contact layer has been fabricated using a nonalloyed Ge/Pd ohmic contact. Resonant tunnelling behaviour is still observed. This metallisation scheme is useful for device applications where ohmic contacts to very thin layers are required.
Fully differential operational amplifiers using CMOS compatible ateral bipolar transistors with improved common-mode regulation
- Author(s): J.-P. Bardyn and A. Kaiser
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 798 –799
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900521
- Type: Article
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A new bias circuit for a CMOS compatible lateral bipolar transistor differential pair is presented. The circuit compensates for all process and bias dependent variations of the lateral collector current to emitter current ratio α. Experimental results show that its application to a fully differential amplifier improves the precision of the common-mode output voltage regulation by at least an order of magnitude.
2.26 Gbit/s optical transmission system with 5B6B line coding
- Author(s): A.M.J. Koonen ; P. van Eijk ; P.H. van Heijningen ; T.W.M. Mosch
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 799 –801
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900522
- Type: Article
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A 2.26 Gbit/s optical transmission system featuring four inputs at 565 Mbit/s and binary 5B6B line coding has been realised. The technical feasibility has been tested with various laser diodes on both conventional and dispersion flattened single mode fibre.
Architecture for high-order multidimensional convolution using polynomial transforms
- Author(s): B. Arambepola
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 801 –802
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900523
- Type: Article
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An efficient hardware architecture is presented for computing convolutions and correlations with two or more dimensions. This is derived from combining a class of polynomial transforms with currently available VLSI convolution devices. The proposed method is particularly suitable for computing high order convolutions with little or no arithmetic quantisation errors.
Some improvements to conventional importance sampling techniques for coded systems using Viterbi decoding
- Author(s): S.X. Chen ; P.J. Smith ; M. Shafi ; D. Vere-Jones
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 802 –804
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900524
- Type: Article
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Importance sampling has been used to reduce simulation run-time. It is known that the effects of importance sampling can be reduced by system memory (e.g., systems employing a Viterbi decoder). Modifications to conventional importance sampling which give improvements for simulated Viterbi decoding are presented.
Planar InP/InGaAs avalanche photodetector with integrated dielectric wavelength filter
- Author(s): M.D.A. MacBean ; N.P. Hewett ; M.D. Learmouth ; I. Reid
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 804 –806
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900525
- Type: Article
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Patterned bandpass dielectric interference filters with centre wavelengths around 1.3 μm have been applied to top-entry photodiodes to produce high-speed, high responsivity, photodetectors for wavelength division multiplexing. The measured responsivity exceeded 25A/W with a full width half maximum of 19 nm and peak rejection of over 25 dB.
Stable quarter-plane 2-D lattice filters
- Author(s): A. Ertüzün ; A.H. Kayran ; E. Panayirci
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 806 –807
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900526
- Type: Article
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The stability of the two-dimensional quarter-plane lattice filter developed by Parker and Kayran is not guaranteed. Their lattice filter is potentially unstable unless a number of conditions are satisfied. The validity of these conditions are difficult to test. Three different lattice filter structures which are structurally stable for all parameters are presented.
High performance submicron pseudo-MODFETs and 2:1 multiplexers using GaAs on InP heteroepitaxial technology
- Author(s): Y.H. Lo ; M. Bagheri ; P.S.D. Lin ; P. Grabbe ; R. Bhat ; N.G. Stoffel ; T.P. Lee ; D.T. Kong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 807 –809
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900527
- Type: Article
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High performance 0.5 μm gate length InGaAs/GaAs pseudo-MODFETs are demonstrated on InP substrates by MOVPE heteroepitaxial growth. The transistors show a 300 mS/mm transconductance and a 30 GHz cutoff frequency. A 2:1 multiplexer is also made using the same technology. Preliminary testing indicates that the multiplexer can operate up to 10 Gbit/s.
Neural network approach for the two-dimensional assignment problem
- Author(s): K.B. Sriram and L.M. Patnaik
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 809 –810
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900528
- Type: Article
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A neural network approach for solving the two-dimensional assignment problem is proposed. The design of the neural network is discussed and simulation results are presented. The neural network obtains 10–15% lower cost placements on the examples considered, than the adjacent pairwise exchange method.
Effects of traffic and local movements on multipath characteristics of an indoor radio channel
- Author(s): R. Ganesh and K. Pahlavan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 810 –812
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900529
- Type: Article
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The effects of local traffic around a transmitter and receiver and local movements of an antenna are studied by collecting and analysing multipath profiles at 910 MHz. The statistics of RMS delay spread and the received power in the multipath profiles are computed and compared for these experiments.
Coarse-to-fine least squares stereo matching for 3-D reconstruction
- Author(s): F. Argenti and L. Alparone
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 812 –813
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900530
- Type: Article
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Least squares methods have been used for 3-D reconstruction from digital stereo images. A preliminary estimate of the disparity of points to be matched in the two images is required for the convergence of the method. A new approach based on a Gaussian pyramid decomposition of the stereo images and application of the least squares method at each level of the pyramid is presented. Results obtained from digitised stereo images and 3-D reconstruction are reported.
Dispersion characteristic of the double-sided slotline
- Author(s): S.G. Pintzos
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 813 –814
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900531
- Type: Article
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The propagation constant of the double-sided slotline has been determined using a very simple stationary expression. The numerical results compare favourably with results obtained through the more expensive Galerkin's method.
Single ended resonant power supply for induction heating
- Author(s): J.M. Leisten ; A.K. Lefedjiev ; L. Hobson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 814 –816
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900532
- Type: Article
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Details are given of a zero current switched Class E prototype power supply suitable for small scale induction heating applications. The unit operates with a minimum frequency of 40 kHz providing a peak output power of 3kW using a single GTO device.
Autoregressive modelling of an indoor radio channel
- Author(s): S.J. Howard and K. Pahlavan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 816 –817
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900533
- Type: Article
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An autoregressive model for the frequency domain characteristics of indoor radio channels is introduced. It is shown that a second order process is sufficient to represent the important statistical characteristics of the channel both in the frequency and the time domains. A comparison is made between the statistical characteristics of the empirical data and of the channel responses regenerated from the model.
Effect of initial conditions on limit cycle performance of second order sampled data sigma delta modulator
- Author(s): N. Bridgett and C.P. Lewis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 817 –819
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900534
- Type: Article
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Sensitivity studies on the effects of initial conditions on the limit cycle of a second order sampled data sigma delta modulator are presented. It was found that a sequence of modes exists whose time ratios conform to a simple hyperbolic pattern.
High saturation output power from a neodymium-doped fluoride fibre amplifier operating in the 1300 nm telecommunications window
- Author(s): J.E. Pedersen and M. Brierley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 819 –820
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900535
- Type: Article
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Signal saturation characteristics of a Nd-doped single mode fluoride fibre amplifier for the 1300 nm telecommunications window have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Saturated output power levels in excess of +15 dBm for a launched pump power of 100 mW at 795 nm are reported.
Parameter estimation using cumulants
- Author(s): Y. Liu ; J. Soraghan ; T. Durrani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 820 –822
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900536
- Type: Article
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A recursive solution to the Yule–Walker equations for a nonsymmetric Toeplitz matrix is presented. It is shown that the correlation and the non-stationary degree of the input random process can result in greater performance degradation in higher-order moment based algorithms than in autocorrelation based algorithms. New deconvolution algorithms are developed for an input series that exhibits a small degree of correlation. Simulation results are presented that make use of NAG generated random data.
Beam-propagation analysis of bent step-index slab waveguides
- Author(s): J. Yamauchi ; S. Kikuchi ; T. Hirooka ; H. Nakano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 822 –824
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900537
- Type: Article
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The electric field distribution and loss in a single-mode bent slab waveguide are analysed by the beam propagation method. The steady-state results obtained at large axial propagation distances are compared with other theoretical results. Reduction in bending loss is demonstrated by introducing a trench section which is placed on the outer side of the bend.
High sensitivity, high gain, long wavelength OEIC receiver with monolithically integrated three-stage preamplifier
- Author(s): J. Shimizu ; T. Suzaki ; T. Terakado ; S. Fujita ; K. Kasahara ; T. Itoh ; A. Suzuki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 824 –825
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900538
- Type: Article
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A GaAs-on-InP long wavelength OEIC receiver, with a monolithically integrated three-stage preamplifier, was designed using SPICE and fabricated. The three-stage OEIC receiver exhibited excellent performances, such as −32.5 dBm receiver sensitivity and 85 dBΩ transimpedance at 600 Mbit/s. These results indicate the feasibility of integrating large scale electronic circuits, which are considered as the OEIC merits, caused by using both GaAs-on-InP heterostructures and SPICE.
Ultra-low reflectivity broadband 1.5μm GaInAsP semiconductor optical amplifiers
- Author(s): P.E. Barnsley ; J.J. Isaac ; D.J. Elton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 825 –827
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900539
- Type: Article
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Laser amplifiers with facet reflectivities of 3 × 10−5 over a bandwidth of 70 nm have been produced by combining a multilayer AR coating with angled device facets. The facet reflectivities were found to be highly reproducible. The amplifiers have a saturated output power in excess of + 5 dBm.
Use of a fibre loop reflector as downstream receiver and upstream modulator in passive optical network
- Author(s): G. Nicholson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, p. 827 –828
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900540
- Type: Article
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The use of a fibre loop reflector, incorporating a photodiode and birefringence modulator, is reported as the basis of a potentially low-cost customer terminal in a passive optical network. The novel customer terminal could be applied in supporting downstream video distribution combined with bidirectional low-capacity services, such as telephony, and upstream customer is signalling for video channel selection.
Erratum: Low threshold distributed Bragg reflector surface emitting laser diode with semiconductor air-bridge-supported top mirror
- Author(s): W. Hsin ; G. Du ; J.K. Gamelin ; K.J. Malloy ; S. Wang ; J.R. Whinery ; Y.J. Yang ; T.G. Dziura ; S.C. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, page: 828 –828
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900541
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Atmospheric pressure, low temperature (<500°C) UV/ozone oxidation of silicon
- Author(s): V. Nayar ; P. Patel ; I.W. Boyd
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 26, Issue 12, page: 828 –828
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19900542
- Type: Article
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article