Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 25, Issue 6, 16 March 1989
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Volume 25, Issue 6
16 March 1989
Hardware rip-up router with concurrent wavefront propagation
- Author(s): W. Choi and G. Sobelman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 373 –374
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890257
- Type: Article
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The design of a hardware maze router with concurrent source/target wavefront propagation is described. The new design requires fewer clock cycles to find a shortest path than existing designs, and allows for a more efficient implementation of rip-up and reroute. Extensions to multipoint nets and multilayer carriers are included.
Evaluation of linear, quadratic and cubic expressions on a binary tree
- Author(s): C. Siva Ram Murthy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 374 –375
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890258
- Type: Article
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Recently Mathias and Patnaik proposed a hexagonal interconnection structure on a square grid of processing elements (PEs) to evaluate linear, quadratic and cubic expressions. In the letter we present an efficient systolic algorithm to evaluate these expressions, which runs on a simpler interconnection structure, the binary tree of PEs.
Multiple channel operation of integrated acousto-optic tunable filter
- Author(s): K.W. Cheung ; D.A. Smith ; J.E. Baran ; B.L. Heffner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 375 –376
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890259
- Type: Article
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We demonstrate an integrated acousto-optic tunable filter (1.0 nm FWHM) in a multiwavelength crosstalk measurement experiment. With 16 channels present, individual channel crosstalk was lower than −15dB for both singlewavelength and dual-wavelength filtering. The RF drive power for 70% efficiency was 180mW/wavelength.
Numerical simulation of guided-wave SHG light sources utilising Cerenkov radiation scheme
- Author(s): K. Hayata and M. Koshiba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 376 –378
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890260
- Type: Article
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Numerical simulation based on the finite-element method is made for guided-wave second-harmonic generation (SHG) devices utilising the Cerenkov radiation of light into the substrate. Numerical results for quantities such as the optimum guide thickness, generated power and radiation direction are in good agreement with experimental results.
Self-aligned index-guided multiple quantum well laser by sulphur diffusion-induced disordering
- Author(s): C. Shieh ; J. Mantz ; R. Engelmann ; K. Alavi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 378 –379
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890261
- Type: Article
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A simple self-aligned fabrication process for sulphur-diffusion disordered AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) lasers is described that produces refractive index guiding. However, the gradual profile of sulphur diffusion causes a separation between the disordered/nondisordered interface and the pn junction which leads to a large lateral optical loss of the index-guided mode.
Switched-capacitor modulator circuits
- Author(s): W.H. Ki and G.C. Temes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 379 –381
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890262
- Type: Article
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Four switched-capacitor modulator circuits which make use of the system clock as the carrier are presented. The circuits are simple and fast: the output signals are sampled at twice the rate of the system clock. Two of the circuits are also offset-free. Experimental results are described; they demonstrate the functionality of the new schemes.
Experimental demonstration of multiwavelength optical network with microwave subcarriers
- Author(s): K.W. Cheung ; S.C. Liew ; C.N. Lo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 381 –383
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890263
- Type: Article
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We use the unique multiwavelength filtering capability of the acousto-optic tunable filter to demonstrate multiple broadband services with only one fixed-wavelength transmitter and receiver per user in the first experimental demonstration of a multiwavelength subcarrier network.
Power penalty analysis due to polarisation diversity on 1.2 Gbit/s optical DPSK heterodyne transmission
- Author(s): S. Watanabe ; T. Naito ; T. Chikama ; T. Kiyonaga ; Y. Onoda ; H. Kuwahara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 383 –384
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890264
- Type: Article
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An optical DPSK transmission experiment was performed at a bit rate of 1.2 Gbit/s using a dual-balanced polarisationdiversity receiver. A high receiver sensitivity of less than −42.8 dBm was achieved and the power penalty due to polarisation diversity was analysed.
Rigorous analysis of printed windows in rectangular waveguides
- Author(s): J.S. Hong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 384 –386
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890265
- Type: Article
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The printed windows in rectangular waveguides have been investigated using a combined method of modal analysis and generalised scattering matrix for the first time. The method takes into account the influences of the nonzero metallisation thickness and the mounting grooves. The frequency characteristics of the unilateral and bilateral windows are illustrated.
High performance of induced-channel heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET)
- Author(s): R.S. Mand ; S. Eicher ; A.J. Springthorpe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 386 –387
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890266
- Type: Article
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High-performance, minority-carrier, induced-channel, heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) fabricated on semiinsulating GaAs using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are reported. A 0.6μm self-aligned gate HFET exhibited a room temperature transconductance of 540mS/mm with a cutoff frequency of 25 GHz.
Direct by-inspection derivation of signal-flow graphs for multiphase stray-insensitive switched-capacitor filters
- Author(s): A. Dabrowski and G.S. Moschytz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 387 –389
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890267
- Type: Article
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A direct by-inspection method for the derivation of signalflow graphs (SFGs) for multiphase stray-insensitive switchedcapacitor (SC) networks is presented. Compared to our method, others are relatively complicated and not direct in the sense that they require intermediate steps. The multiphase analysis presented here is a generalisation of the method shown previously, where a by-inspection signal-flow graph analysis of biphase SC networks is described. Whereas only a brief summary of the derivation rules and an example are given here, the underlying theory will be published elsewhere.
Public-key encryption algorithm incorporating error detection
- Author(s): L. Harn and T. Kiesler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 389 –390
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890268
- Type: Article
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Owing to their mathematical properties, quadratic residues have been used successfully in designing a number of cryptographic applications, such as oblivious transfer protocol and coin flipping protocol. In the letter we propose an encryption scheme based on quadratic residue theory. In particular, we incorporate the encrypting procedure and error-detecting code into a complete communication system.
Analysis of aperture-coupled microstrip antenna using cavity method
- Author(s): M. Himdi ; J.P. Daniel ; C. Terret
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 391 –392
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890269
- Type: Article
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–392
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The letter presents an original analysis of aperture coupling of a microstrip antenna. The theory is based on the cavity model, and results are compared with the moment method and measurement
Effect of impulse noise rejection with median filter on binary digital receiver performance
- Author(s): V. Milošević and B. Ristić
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 392 –394
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890270
- Type: Article
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–394
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In the letter an analysis of the effect achieved by using a median filter for impulse noise rejection in a binary digital receiver, is carried out. Results have shown that the error probability can be considerably reduced in digital communication systems with a keying speed that is a few times less than is permitted by the channel bandwidth.
Novel two-step SDB technology for high-performance thin-film SOI/MOSFET applications
- Author(s): X.L. Xu and Q.Y. Tong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 394 –395
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890271
- Type: Article
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–395
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A novel two-step oxided silicon wafer direct bonding process (TSDB) for fabricating high-quality SOI substrates is presented, which has no contamination, no complex thinning process and no subsurface damage. The fracture strength of the SOI/TSDB material is 180 kg/cm2. SOI/TSDB NMOS and PMOS devices (0.8–3μm) have shown that the typical values of electron and hole surface channel mobility are 680 and 320cm2/Vs, respectively. A high device transconductance end high on-off current ratio have also been obtained.
Measurement of piezoelectric constant of LiNbO3 crystal using interferometric optical fibre sensor
- Author(s): H. Okamura and J. Minowa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 395 –397
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890272
- Type: Article
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–397
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The piezoelectric constant of LiNbO3 crystal, d33, which has been controversial, is measured with an optical fibre sensor using homodyne interferometry. The minimum detected displacement of the LiNbO3 crystal is well under 0.3 Å and with this, d33 is determined as 0.7 × 10−11 m/V.
CMOS current schmitt trigger with fully adjustable hysteresis
- Author(s): Z. Wang and W. GuggenbÜhl
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 397 –398
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890273
- Type: Article
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p.
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–398
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A CMOS current Schmitt trigger whose hysteresis is independent of process parameters, transistor dimensions and power supplies is described. The hysteresis is determined by two currents and is adjustable over the range of the input current. The circuit function can be extended to a two-input current comparator with adjustable hysteresis.
Two-stage integrated-optic acoustically tunable optical filter with enhanced sidelobe suppression
- Author(s): D.A. Smith ; J.J. Johnson ; B.L. Heffner ; K.W. Cheung ; J.E. Baran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 398 –399
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890274
- Type: Article
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p.
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–399
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We demonstrate a two-stage integrated-optic acoustically tunable infra-red optical filter with subnanometre bandwidth and −19 dB sidelobe suppression. This configuration also eliminates the optical frequency shift of one-stage devices.
5 Gbit/s optical phase diversity homodyne detection experiment
- Author(s): K. Emura ; R.S. Vodhanel ; R. Welter ; W.B. Sessa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 400 –401
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890275
- Type: Article
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A 5 Gbit/s phase diversity homodyne detection experiment has been performed by using a high-speed 1.5 μm distributedfeedback laser diode with frequency-shift-keying modulation, 3×3 optical fibre coupler for a 120° optical hybrid, three matched wideband receivers and wideband squaring circuits for signal demodulation.
Binary code excited linear prediction (BCELP): new approach to celp coding of speech without codebooks
- Author(s): R.A. Salami
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 401 –403
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890276
- Type: Article
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A new analysis-by-synthesis speech coding approach able to produce good quality speech in the vicinity of 4.8 kbit/s is presented. The new approach produces the same speech quality as obtained by CELP codecs without needing any excitation codebook storage. The new coder employs a very simple excitation search procedure and possesses an inherent robustness against channel errors. The approach is based on the ternary code excitation CELP introduced in Reference 3.
Continuous active T-gate travelling-wave transistor
- Author(s): N. Sebati ; P. Gamand ; C. Varin ; F. Pasqualin ; J.C. Meunier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 403 –404
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890277
- Type: Article
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In the letter experimental results are presented which show that a continuous active gate travelling-wave transistor (TWT) can be used for medium power applications in a wide bandwidth. To reduce the gate resistance, a T-gate configuration has been chosen. This allows us to extend the frequency bandwidth of such a device. Simulations have been performed using small-and large-signal models taking in addition the parasitic capacitances into account A distributed Schottky diode has been used to adjust the phase synchronisation and therefore to achieve fllat gain.
Accurate Fourier transform method for almost-periodic response simulation of microwave nonlinear circuits
- Author(s): Zhang Xiang-Dong ; Hong Xing-Nan ; Gao Bao-Xin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 404 –406
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890278
- Type: Article
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A generalised Fourier transform, in which an orthogonal sample selection algorithm is used, is presented for accurate simulation of the almost-periodic responses of microwave nonlinear circuits. The measured and simulated results of a MESFET amplifier show the significant improvement in accuracy.
Straightforward design of trellis coded modulation with new lower bound on free Euclidean distance
- Author(s): G. Zou and H. Weinrichter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 406 –407
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890279
- Type: Article
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A systematic way of designing efficient trellis coded modulation (TCM) is presented. Our design method is based on the concept of trellis partitioning and newly defined branch distances. A lower bound on free Euclidean distance is given.
Wavelength-flattened couplers:performance optimisation by twist-tuning
- Author(s): T.A. Birks and C.D. Hussey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 407 –408
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890280
- Type: Article
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The twisting of an asymmetric fused tapered single-mode fibre coupler is found to decrease the maximum coupled power, in addition to the usual shift in the wavelength response. This effect can be used to optimise a wavelength-flattened coupler's performance during or after coupler elongation.
Ultrasonic gas densitometer
- Author(s): K.S. Mylvaganam
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 409 –410
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890281
- Type: Article
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The need for a compact device to monitor density of gases gave rise to an R&D project to look into the possibilities of using ultrasonic probes to measure density of gases. Through measurements of ultrasonic transducer impedance around the resonant frequency, it is shown experimentally and through simple theoretical considerations that the density of gases can be monitored using equivalent impedance of ultrasonic transducers placed in the medium to be monitored. The simple theory behind the principle and experimental results are presented in this paper. The promising results indicate that the technique can be combined with ultrasonic volumetric flowmeters to give mass flow without resorting to a separate density meter, as is the practice nowadays. The preliminary results obtained using nitrogen are presented here.
New GaAs quantum wires on {111}B facets by selective MOCVD
- Author(s): T. Fukui and S. Ando
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 410 –412
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890282
- Type: Article
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New GaAs quantum wires are fabricated on {111}B crystallographic facets by selective area growth using metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). Facet formation is simply controlled by MOCVD growth conditions. The existence of 2DEG on {111}B facets is confirmed by Shubnikovde Haas oscillations. These techniques can control channel widths as narrow as 10 nm by adjusting the GaAs thickness.
Slotted ALOHA radio networks with PSK modulation in Rayleigh fading channels
- Author(s): K. Zhang ; K. Pahlavan ; R. Ganesh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 412 –413
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890283
- Type: Article
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The throughput of a local slotted ALOHA radio network using PSK modulation over Raylcigh fading channels is analysed. The capture effect is related to the modulation technique, signal/noise ratio of the received signal, distribution of terminals in the area and the length of the transmitted packets. Owing to the capture effect a maximum throughput of 0.75, rather than 0.36 with no capture, is predicted. This improved performance is observed in the slow fading channels with a very high signal/noise ratio.
Zinc-doping of (511)A layers of (Al0.6Ga0.4)0.5In0.5P grown by atmospheric metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy
- Author(s): S. Minagawa and M. Kondow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 413 –414
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890284
- Type: Article
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Zinc-doping into (511)A (AI0.6Ga0.4)0.5In0.5P layers using atmospheric metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy is investigated and compared to that into (100) layers. The doping efficiency is an order of magnitude higher for (511)A layers. Saturation in hole concentration begins at around 15×1018cm−3 in (511)A crystals, but at 4×1017cm−3 in (100) crystals.
Noncanonical FIR filters and adaptive signal processing
- Author(s): R.W. Stewart ; J.J. Soraghan ; T.S. Durrani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 414 –415
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890285
- Type: Article
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The letter analyses the use of noncanonical FIR filters, such as the Inmos A100 cascadable signal processing chip, for adaptive signal processing algorithms. The noncanonical structure is functionally equivalent to the noncanonical FIR filter in a fixed-weight system; however, gradient-based adaptive algorithms cannot be exactly implemented using the noncanonical FIR filter, and therefore the classical algorithms must be reformulated and reanalysed for both convergence and stability.
Crosstalk in erbium doped fibre amplifiers
- Author(s): M.J. Pettitt ; A. Hadjifotiou ; R.A. Baker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 416 –417
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890286
- Type: Article
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Signal crosstalk measurements are presented for two signals amplified in an erbium-doped optical-fibre amplifier. The crosstalk is heavily dependent upon the modulating frequency and found to be negligible at frequencies above 100 kHz. The fibre amplifier may therefore be suitable for use in multichannel optical systems.
Microbending characterisation of optical fibres from artificially induced deformation
- Author(s): A. Bjarklev and S.B. Andreasen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 417 –419
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890287
- Type: Article
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Microbending loss calculations for (single-coated) singlemode fibres are performed using the theory of linear load distributions on semi-infinite spaces to include the buffer effect of the coating. Together with the inclusion of photoelasticity this method significantly improves the agreement between calculated and measured results. Practical consequences for measurement methods are discussed.
Temperature model for current gain of tunnelling field-induced junction transistors
- Author(s): Zhen Jiang ; Wei Tongli ; Feng Yaolan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 419 –420
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890288
- Type: Article
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A temperature model for the current gain of tunnelling fieldinduced junction transistors (TFIJTs) is presented. It is shown that current gain may have both a positive and negative coefficient, which is related to the base doping concentration and applied voltage. Because of the heavy doping, the energy gap narrowing effect and the carrier Fermi-Dirac statistics distribution are taken into account. On this basis, a novel transistor with temperature-stable current gain is successfully designed.
Mode-selective magnetostatic wave resonator
- Author(s): G. Miccoli and K.W. Chang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 420 –422
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890289
- Type: Article
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A novel magnetostatic wave (MSW) resonator, based on yttrium iron garnet (YIG) epilayers, which has been designed for selective excitation of a desired higher-order resonant mode and contemporary suppression of all the other modes, is presented.
Parity predictor for shifting-output adders
- Author(s): S. Vassiliadis ; M. Putrino ; E.M. Schwarz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 422 –424
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890290
- Type: Article
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A parity scheme for an adder that chooses either the most or least significant bits of the result (shifting-output adder) depending on instruction is presented. The hardware required to implement the parity predictor, and the delay associated with its critical path, are of the same order of magnitude as parity predictors for nonshifting output adders.
Acousto-optic generation of Schell-model fields
- Author(s): J. Turunen ; E. Tervonen ; A.T. Friberg
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, p. 424 –425
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890291
- Type: Article
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We present a new method of generating secondary sources with electronically controlled states of spatial coherence. Use is made of multiple-frequency Bragg scattering in an acoustooptic deflector. Experimental verification is provided.
Erratum: Linearly tunable Wien bridge oscillator realised with operational transconductance amplifiers
- Author(s): R. Senani and Kumar B. Amit
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, page: 425 –425
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890292
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Simple model for front and end contact resistances
- Author(s): S.S. Winterton and N.G. Tarr
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 25, Issue 6, page: 425 –425
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19890293
- Type: Article
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