Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 24, Issue 8, 14 April 1988
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Volume 24, Issue 8
14 April 1988
Multiple-grid frequency-selective surfaces as periodically loaded structures
- Author(s): R. Orta ; R. Tascone ; R. Zich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 449 –450
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880303
- Type: Article
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Analysis and design of multiple-grid frequency selective surfaces are carried out by considering them as periodically loaded structures where each cell consists of a grid with its dielectric support layers. The Bloch wave passband and stopband are exploited to create the transmission and reflection bands.
IIR adaptive filtering via discrete Legendre functions
- Author(s): H. Perez and S. Tsujii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 450 –451
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880304
- Type: Article
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A new IIR adaptive filter structure is proposed. It is based on modelling the impulse response of the system to be identified as a linear combination of a set of discrete orthogonal functions. Computer simulations show that the proposed structure has better convergence performance than FIR transversal filters, when they are required to identify systems with long impulse response. The comparison is made on the basis that both of them have the same number of multipliers.
Electrical characterisation of Si-doped GaAs0.5Sb0.5 on InP grown by molecular beam epitaxy
- Author(s): A. Sandhu ; T. Fujii ; Y. Nakata ; S. Sugiyama ; E. Miyauchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 451 –452
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880305
- Type: Article
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Between the growth temperatures of 490–520°C Si-doped GaAs0.5Sb0.5 changes from 1 × 1017cm−3n-type to 2 × 1017cm−3p-type. The scattering mechanisms of the n and p-type epilayers are investigated. The reproducibiiity and potential applications of the observed conduction type change are demonstrated by the fabrication of a pn diode.
High-speed 1.5μm self-aligned constricted mesa lasers grown entirely by MOCVD
- Author(s): Y. Hirayama ; H. Furuyama ; M. Morinaga ; N. Suzuki ; M. Kushibe ; K. Eguchi ; M. Nakamura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 452 –454
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880306
- Type: Article
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A self-aligning (SA) process technique to fabricate constricted mesa (CM) lasers is proposed. The controllability of GalnAsP active region volume and InP lateral confining layer widths were greatly improved. Lasers grown entirely by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) showed very small variation in threshold currents (Ith = 15.2 = 1.1 mA) and in stray junction capacitances (C = 1.62 ± 0.08pF). A record bandwidth of 10GHz in the 1.5μm-wavelength region was demonstrated.
Capacity of a neural network
- Author(s): D.L. Prados
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 454 –455
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880307
- Type: Article
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It is shown that an N neuron neural network that allows higher-order correlations can store up to 2N−1 patterns. A scheme is also presented that stores all cyclic shifts of a pattern as it stores that pattern.
High-speed front-illuminated GaInAsP/InP pin photodiode
- Author(s): M.B. Yi ; J. Paslaski ; Y.-Y. Liu ; T.R. Chen ; A. Yariv
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 455 –456
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880308
- Type: Article
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We have developed a high-speed front-illuminated GaInAsP/InP pin photodiode for use at the optical wavelength of 1.3 μm. The device is grown on an n+-InP substrate and uses polyimide both as a passivation layer and as a bonding pad holder to reduce parasitic capacitance. An optoelectronic sampling measurement of the impulse response shows a pulsewidth (FWHM) of 28 ps. A 3dB bandwidth in excess of 18 GHz has been achieved.
Fused coupler switch using a thermo-optic cladding
- Author(s): M.B.J. Diemeer ; W.J. de Vries ; K.W. Benoist
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 457 –458
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880309
- Type: Article
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An optical switch based on a single-mode fused coupler has been fabricated. The switching is achieved by a thermal refractive index change of a silicone resin cladding material in the coupling region. Fabrication details and device characteristics are described.
Electrorefraction in GaInAs/InP multiple quantum well heterostructures
- Author(s): J.E. Zucker ; I. Bar-Joseph ; G. Sucha ; U. Koren ; B.I. Miller ; D.S. Chemla
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 458 –460
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880310
- Type: Article
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We report the first absolute measurement of electric-fieldinduced changes in refractive index in GalnAs quantum well heterostructures. Even for wavelengths as far as 40meV below the absorption edge, excitonic effects dominate electro-optic phase modulation. This effect close to resonance yields index changes two orders of magnitude larger than in bulk material. We find that the size of the index change, its dependence on applied voltage, and its behaviour with wavelength are well described in terms of the quantum confined Stark effect on excitonic absorption.
High-Tc superconducting short dipole antenna
- Author(s): S.K. Khamas ; M.J. Mehler ; T.S.M. Maclean ; C.E. Gough ; N.McN. Alford ; M.A. Harmer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 460 –461
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880311
- Type: Article
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A recently discovered rare-earth copper-oxide material, which is superconducting above the temperature of liquid nitrogen, is used to fabricate a high-efficiency electrically short dipole antenna. Thus the necessity to cool a lead antenna structure to liquid helium temperatures is avoided. Results are presented which show the gain enhancement achieved using this new material when compared with a conventional copper structure at room temperature.
Valley operator for extracting sketch features: DIP
- Author(s): Y.-J. Ryoo and N.-C. Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 461 –463
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880312
- Type: Article
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A new valley operator is presented for extracting sketch features which contain valleys and edges subject to local intensities. It is a very simple operator using local probabilities in a 3 × 3 local window. Experimental results show its excellent performance compared with existing valley or edge operators.
Crosspolarisation characteristics of rectangular patch antennas
- Author(s): T. Huynh ; K.F. Lee ; R.Q. Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 463 –464
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880313
- Type: Article
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Theoretical results describing the crosspolarisation characteristics of rectangular patch antennas are presented. Of particular interest is the result that the copolarisation radiation is not sensitive to resonant frequency and substrate thickness while the crosspolarisation component increases with resonant frequency and/or substrate thickness.
Heavy metal gettering in buried nitride silicon-on-insulator structures
- Author(s): W. Skorupa ; P. Knothe ; R. Groetzschel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 464 –465
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880314
- Type: Article
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Using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry the redistribution and gettering of implanted gold was investigated in silicon-on-insulator structures produced by high-dose nitrogen implantation. The gettering efficiency of a structure annealed at 1000°C containing a highly damaged silicon region near to the buried compound layer is more pronounced than that of a 1200°C-annealed structure with a lightly damaged silicon top layer. Gettering takes place at the interregion between silicon and silicon nitride.
Adaptive controller yielding fast convergence rate
- Author(s): J. Lyou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 465 –466
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880315
- Type: Article
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A way of improving the transient performance is suggested for a class of model reference adaptive control systems.
High-speed operation of 1.5μm GaInAsP/InP optoelectronic integrated laser drivers
- Author(s): N. Suzuki ; H. Furuyama ; Y. Hirayama ; M. Morinaga ; K. Eguchi ; M. Kushibe ; M. Funamizu ; M. Nakamura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 467 –468
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880316
- Type: Article
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A 1.5μm-wavelength high-speed self-aligned constricted-mesa laser diode and an InP MESFET have been integrated monolithically without deterioration in the performance of either device, by using a gate projection process. A broad 3dB bandwidth of 6.6GHz was demonstrated for the first time.
New representation of FDMA traffic and associated on-board routers
- Author(s): P.V. de Santis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 468 –469
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880317
- Type: Article
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A new mathematical representation is proposed for the interbeam connectivity matrix of FDMA traffic in communication satellite systems. A new kind of on-board FDMA router based on this representation is described.
Performance analysis of ICMA/CD multiple-access for a packet mobile radio
- Author(s): F. Adachi ; K. Ohno ; M. Kitagawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 469 –471
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880318
- Type: Article
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Throughput and channel capacity of a 1-persistent, idle-signal-casting multiple-access with collision detection (ICMA/CD) are theoretically analysed assuming an infinite population model. Then, the packet failure probability with a limited number of reschedulings is investigated.
Algorithmic analogue/digital convertor based on current mirrors
- Author(s): D.G. Nairn and C.A.T. Salama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 471 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880319
- Type: Article
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An algorithmic analogue/digital convertor using current rather than voltage as the signal is proposed. A 6 bit prototype was fabricated using a standard 3μm CMOS process. The circuit exhibited a sampling rate of 200kHz while only requiring 0.38mm2 of chip area and 4.65mW of power, making it well suited for use in larger VLSI systems.
Fibre-optic interferometric sensor utilising low coherence length source: resolution enhancement
- Author(s): A.S. Gerges ; F. Farahi ; T.P. Newson ; J.D.C. Jones ; D.A. Jackson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 472 –474
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880320
- Type: Article
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A fibre-optic interferometric sensor is described based on a low-coherence source. A novel form of homodyne signal processing is used in which the interferometer is locked to the quadrature point nearest to maximum visibility. This technique avoids the ambiguities which arise from the use of a high-coherence source in interferometers, where the transfer function is periodic.
New error recovery strategy for 64 kbit/s video codecs
- Author(s): J. Whalley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 474 –475
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880321
- Type: Article
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A new error recovery strategy for 64 kbit/s video codecs is described. Unlike existing strategies of error recovery in which a new frame is transmitted on the detection of a channel error, the new strategy uses previous frames which are known to be correct. Computer simulations of the technique are performed and subjective and quantitative results are obtained.
Crosstalk in a two-channel coherent fibre-optic ASK system using an optical amplifier and non-negligible linewidth lasers
- Author(s): Y.K. Park ; S.W. Granlund ; L.D. Tzeng ; N.A. Olsson ; N.K. Dutta
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 475 –477
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880322
- Type: Article
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We present measurements of crosstalk penalties in a two-channel ASK system using 1.55μm DFB lasers and a semiconductor laser amplifier. The amplifier was operated well below gain saturation. No additional receiver sensitivity penalty due to the amplifier was observed for single channel operation. However, the additional crosstalk in the amplifier required a 10% increase of the channel spacing compared to the spacing in the nonamplifier system.
Photorefractive two-wave mixing in GaAs using a diode-pumped Nd:YLF laser at 1.31 μm
- Author(s): K. Walsh and T.J. Hall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 477 –478
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880323
- Type: Article
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Two-wave mixing has been observed in Cr-doped semi-insulating GaAs using a compact Nd:YLF diode-pumped solid-state CW laser system at 1.31 μm. Significant enhancement of the two-wave mixing gain was achieved through application of AC electric fields.
All-single-mode-fibre interferometric polarisation beam splitter
- Author(s): S.P. Shipley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 478 –479
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880324
- Type: Article
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A novel all-fibre polarisation beam splitter based on an all-fibre Mach—Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is reported. The device symmetrically separates orthogonally polarised components of an incoming optical signal with isolations between these components of greater than 17dB at each output.
Low-noise 0.78μm-band laser diode unit containing Faraday rotator
- Author(s): R. Katayama ; Y. Yamanaka ; K. Kubota ; T. Ishikawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 480 –481
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880325
- Type: Article
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A small, low-noise 0.78μm-band laser diode unit, containing a Faraday rotator which suppresses optical feedback, was developed. Stable low-noise characteristics were realised within the 3mW to 10 mW output power. Greater than 40 dB signal/noise ratio was obtained in an optical video disc with this unit.
Automatic unit delay execution circuit for digital signal processing systems based on general-purpose microprocessors
- Author(s): A.N. Skodras and E. Zigouris
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 481 –482
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880326
- Type: Article
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A simple circuit is proposed for automatic unit delay execution during the implementation of digital filters on general purpose microprocessors. The hardware overhead of the circuit is negligible, independent of the filter order and of the number of microprocessors (in the case of multi-microprocessor systems). The software overhead is zero.
Phase and logarithm of amplitude of a signal plus noise
- Author(s): N.M. Blachman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 482 –483
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880327
- Type: Article
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The mean and variance of the logarithm of the amplitude of a signal plus noise are discussed. Ward and Tough's explanation for the very small bias of this mean at high signal-to-noise ratios is shown to be closely related to the capture effect in FM reception.
LMS-based DHT analyser
- Author(s): J.-C. Liu and T.-P. Lin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 483 –485
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880328
- Type: Article
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A least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive algorithm for calculating the discrete Hartley transform (DHT) is presented. The transform kernel of the DHT serves as the input vector and the input signal to be analysed is regarded as the ‘desired response’ for the adaptive process. For a proper choice of convergent factor, i.e. u = 1/2, the ‘LMS DHT analyser’ will provide an exact N-sample DHT. All the operations involved are real. Incorporation of one new sample requires only one adaptation.
Bit-serial realisations of maximum and minimum filters
- Author(s): J.-R. Yuan and K. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 485 –486
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880329
- Type: Article
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Efficient bit-serial realisations for maximum and minimum filters are presented. The proposed circuits are simple and suitable for VLSI implementation. The filters not only give the maximum or minimum values, but also indicate which input is the maximum or minimum in an input vector. A true single phase clock has been used to achieve high speed.
Fibre transmission properties of optical pulses produced through direct phase modulation of DFB laser diode
- Author(s): M. Shirasaki ; H. Nishimoto ; T. Okiyama ; T. Touge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 486 –488
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880330
- Type: Article
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A scheme for gigabit range modulation without wavelength chirping is proposed. This technique uses the direct phase modulation property of a laser diode, and an optical interferometer with a time delay path. In a 4Gb/s experiment using a distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode with 1.54μm wavelength, the pulses passed through a 102 km nondispersionshifted fibre without being broadened.
Low-pressure photochemical vapour deposition of silicon dioxidel on InP substrates
- Author(s): Y.I. Nissim ; J.L. Regolini ; D. Bensahel ; C. Licoppe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 488 –489
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880331
- Type: Article
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Silicon dioxide films deposited on InP substrates are obtained from a mixture of silane and oxygen gases irradiated with a UV lamp. Deposition rates compatible with industrial processes are obtained for substrate temperatures well below the degradation threshold of InP. Optical and electrical characterisations are performed for InP MISFET applications.
Progressive half-toning of images
- Author(s): D. Anastassiou and S. Kollias
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 489 –490
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880332
- Type: Article
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A novel digital half-toning technique is presented for the efficient transformation of grey scale images into bilevel ones. The bilevel image pixels are divided into classes, which are progressively generated in a parallel fashion, utilising a simple criterion. A continuous-tone image can thus be progressively coded and transmitted in bilevel form.
Hard horns improve cluster feeds of satellite antennas
- Author(s): P.-S. Kildal and E. Lier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 491 –492
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880333
- Type: Article
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A major problem in many contoured-beam satellite antennas is that nearly half the power radiated by the cluster feed is lost as spillover into space. This spillover may be reduced considerably by using hard horns as cluster elements.
Hierarchy of terms in a multipole expansion
- Author(s): J. van Bladel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 492 –493
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880334
- Type: Article
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In the classical multipole expansion the various terms (dipoles, quadrupoles etc.) are ranked according to powers of the wavenumber k. When k→0 the dominant terms are those of lowest powers, provided the moments are k-independent. However, this situation does not always hold, and the hierarchy may be upset when the current structure markedly changes with k. The point is illustrated by the example of the confined modes of a dielectric resonator.
High-fidelity music coding at 4 bits
- Author(s): S.M.F. Smyth and J.V. McCanny
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 493 –495
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880335
- Type: Article
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A very high-quality sub-band ADPCM music coding scheme which compresses high-fidelity music signals, bandlimited to 15 kHz, to an equivalent PCM representation of only 4 bits per sample, is described. By processing music sampled at 32 kHz, this coder exhibits a total bit rate of only 128kbit/s and is consequently applicable to the ISDN. Subjective tests conducted with this coder have shown that music recovered from the compression scheme is essentially indistinguishable from the original material. The results obtained are of major importance, not only for ISDN and broadcasting, but also for other digital audio technology such as compact disc (CD) and digital audio tape.
Gigabit/s performance of quarter-wavelength shifted DFB laser
- Author(s): H. Ishikawa ; K. Kamite ; K. Kihara ; H. Soda ; H. Imai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 495 –496
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880336
- Type: Article
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λ/4 shifted DFB lasers having bandwidth of 11 GHz have been developed. A floor owing to TE-TM mode partition has been observed in 1.8Gbit/s bit-error-rate measurements. This is verified to be due to a weak mode selection between TE and TM mode.
Switched-capacitor neural networks for linear programming
- Author(s): A. Rodríguez-Vázquez ; A. Rueda ; J.L. Huertas ; R. Domínguez-Castro
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 496 –498
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880337
- Type: Article
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A circuit for online solving of linear programming problems is presented. The circuit uses switched-capacitor techniques and is thus suitable for monolithic implementation. The connection of the proposed circuit to analogue neural networks is also outlined.
High-current pulse-doped GaInAs MESFET
- Author(s): A. Fathimulla ; H. Hier ; J. Abrahams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 498 –499
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880338
- Type: Article
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We report the DC and microwave performance of pulse-doped GaInAs power MESFETs. For a 0.7μm gate-length device, a maximum drain-current density of 870mA/mm and a peak transconductance of 325mS/mm were measured. A maximum stable gain of 11.7dB at 26 GHz, and an extrapolated ft, of 33 GHz were obtained. These values are the highest reported for MESFETs having gates as long as 0.7 μm.
Study on the recurrences of pseudorandom array
- Author(s): Wen-Hong Shi and Jin-Guang Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 499 –500
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880339
- Type: Article
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For some kinds of pseudorandom array, there exists a pair of recurrences, and using the pair of recurrences the entire array can be determined from a subarray of smaller size. We propose a general method to deduce the pair of recurrences.
Modal field transforming quartz single-mode fibre
- Author(s): S. Tammela ; P. Kiiveri ; P. Pöyhönen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 500 –501
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880340
- Type: Article
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We have made modal field transforming fibres, in which the cross-section of the core changes continuously from circular to elliptical within a few metres. The fabrication method is based on the deformation of a quartz tube during collapse.
Multirate switched capacitor system approach to frequency division multiplexing
- Author(s): J.E. Franca
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 501 –503
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880341
- Type: Article
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A multirate switched capacitor (SC) system approach is presented for the realisation of analogue frequency division multiplexers. The proposed systems employ only SC decimator and interpolator circuits yielding significant advantages over existing systems.
Tunable DBR laser with wide tuning range
- Author(s): Y. Kotaki ; M. Matsuda ; H. Ishikawa ; H. Imai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, p. 503 –505
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880342
- Type: Article
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Characteristics of a 1.55 μm wavelength tunable DBR laser with three sections are described. The wavelength tuning range is investigated by changing the composition of the guide layer. The maximum change of the Bragg wavelength is nearly 10nm at λg = 1.38μm, and a continuous tuning range of 6.2 nm is achieved for λg = 1.29 μm
Erratum: Phase-locked induction heating inverter employing power MOSFETs
- Author(s): D.C. Hamill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 8, page: 505 –505
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880343
- Type: Article
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Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
- Author(s): G. Tsirimokou ; C. Psychalinos ; A.S. Elwakil ; K.N. Salama
- Type: Article
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article