Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 24, Issue 21, 13 October 1988
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Volume 24, Issue 21
13 October 1988
Quantum confined Stark effect in GaInAs/InP single quantum wells grown by low pressure MOVPE
- Author(s): A.J. Moseley ; D.J. Robbins ; A.C. Marshall ; M.Q. Kearley ; J.I. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1301 –1302
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880884
- Type: Article
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We report the first measurements of the quantum confined Stark effect in single GaInAs/InP quantum wells using photocurrent spectra from a single 80 Å well. Well resolved excitonic features are observed for values of electric field up to 3 × 105 V/cm, whose field dependent shift and peak height are in excellent agreement with the predictions of an effective mass calculation, thus demonstrating that there are no intrinsic factors limiting this effect in the GaInAs/InP material system.
Generalised partitioned-charge-based bipolar transistor modelling methodology
- Author(s): R.J. McDonald
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1302 –1304
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880885
- Type: Article
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A generalised formulation of the partitioned-charge-based (PCB) non-quasi-static (NQS) bipolar junction transistor (BJT) model is developed. The methodology, derived by taking moments of the hole (electron) continuity equation, allows the use of arbitrary weighting functions to partition the excess charge in the quasi-neutral base (QNB) to obtain an optimal NQS BJT model within the PCB equivalent network representation.
High performance polarisation splitting fibre coupler
- Author(s): H.C. Lefévre ; P. Simonpiètri ; P. Graindorge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1304 –1305
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880886
- Type: Article
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We present an original design of a polarisation splitting coupler based on stress release in polished birefringent single-mode fibres with orthogonal orientation. We have worked at 1.55μm for coherent telecommunication applications and our best result was 25 dB of selectivity.
Temperature sensor based on a fibre-optic differential delay RF filter
- Author(s): C.A. Wade ; A.D. Kersey ; A. Dandridge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1305 –1307
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880887
- Type: Article
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The letter describes a temperature sensor which employs an intensity-modulation filtering technique to measure the thermally induced change in delay in a length of optical fibre wound on an aluminium cylinder. The sensor response was measured over a temperature range of 10–40°C, and is in good agreement with theory.
Monte Carlo particle investigation of noise in short n+-n-n+ GaAs diodes
- Author(s): D. Junevičius and A. Reklaitis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1307 –1308
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880888
- Type: Article
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The noise current spectral density in n+-n-n+ GaAs diodes is computed by the Monte Carlo particle technique employing a three-valley model. The normalised spectral density is found to decrease with field for a short sample length.
Radiowave propagation over a cliff edge
- Author(s): Z. Wu ; T.S.M. Maclean ; M.J. Mehler ; D.J. Bagwell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1309 –1310
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880889
- Type: Article
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A solution to the problem of radiowave propagation over a cliff-edge has previously been available only in a complicated series analysis given by Furutsu, or as an integral equation which is difficult to solve numerically. A simple analytic solution for a perfectly conducting cliff edge is presented in the letter.
Optical 4-ary FSK modulation and demodulation experiment
- Author(s): K. Nakanishi ; K. Iwashita ; M. Nakao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1310 –1311
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880890
- Type: Article
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Experimental results of the new 4-ary FSK modulation and demodulation systems are reported. Two binary signals are directly injected into different electrodes of a 3-electrode DFB-LD, producing an optical 4-ary FSK signal with 1 GHz frequency spacing. For demodulation, two differential detectors convert the 4-ary FSK signal into two binary signals.
Efficient CMOS counter circuits
- Author(s): J.-R. Yuan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1311 –1313
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880891
- Type: Article
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Several efficient counters are presented. A nine-transistor divide-by-two circuit is used as a basic building block. With transistor sizing, an input frequency of 400 MHz can be adopted by an asynchronous counter, while an eight-bit synchronous counter can achieve clock rates of more than 200 MHz in a 3μm CMOS process. The power consumption of the proposed precharged dynamic synchronous counter is reduced to almost half as much as normal.
WDM coherent star network with absolute frequency reference
- Author(s): Y.C. Chung ; K.J. Pollock ; P.J. Fitzgerald ; B. Glance ; R.W. Tkach ; A.R. Chraplyvy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1313 –1314
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880892
- Type: Article
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A WDM coherent star network with an absolute frequency reference was demonstrated. The absolute reference was obtained from a GaInAsP DFB laser frequency-locked to atomic Ar transition at 1.2960μm. The resonant frequencies of a tunable fibre Fabry-Perot interferometer, locked to this absolute reference, were used to frequency-lock the transmitting lasers. Thus, the transmitting lasers operated at different, but fixed optical frequencies. The receiver sensitivity was not degraded by the addition of the absolute frequency reference to the network.
New method of obtaining weight distribution of binary convolutional codes
- Author(s): H. Sasano and M. Kasahara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1314 –1315
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880893
- Type: Article
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A new method of obtaining the weight distribution of binary convolutional codes with rate R = 1/n is proposed. This method is based on the variations of the weight of the codewords caused by the input binary sequence of an encoder, and consists of several procedures that are systematic and easy to handle.
New transverse-domain formation mechanism in a quarter-micrometre-gate HEMT
- Author(s): Y. Awano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1315 –1317
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880894
- Type: Article
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We have studied a quarter-micrometre-gate HEMT by a two-dimensional Monte Carlo particle simulation to gain a deeper insight into the device operation. A new transversedomain formation due to intervalley electron transfer is predicted. The effect of domain formation on device performance and current saturation characteristics is also discussed.
Analytical model of noise of a switched flip-flop
- Author(s): W. Lian and X.S. Cheng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1317 –1318
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880895
- Type: Article
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The equivalent input noise of a switched flip-flop is defined. The flip-flop is modelled by a differential equation with white noise input. An analytical expression for the noise is derived for the first time. The results showed agreement with experiments.
Characterisation of an optoelectronically pulsed broadband microwave antenna
- Author(s): Y. Pastol ; G. Arjavalingam ; J.-M. Halbout ; G.V. Kopcsay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1318 –1319
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880896
- Type: Article
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Exponentially tapered coplanar stripline antennas are characterised for the generation of broadband transient radiation with excitations from picosecond photoconductors. The measured radiation spectrum extends up to 150GHz. The dependence of the antenna bandwidth on its geometry is investigated.
New canonic variable frequency RC harmonic oscillator with two similar sections
- Author(s): U.S. Ganguly and S. Ganguly
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1320 –1321
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880897
- Type: Article
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The paper presents the theory and design of a new class of variable-frequency harmonic RC oscillator with two similar RC or CR sections in a parallel-path canonic configuration. This architecture offers significant practical advantages when the frequency is varied electronically or is digitally controlled, as in VLSI on-chip realisations, and in ATE instrumentation systems.
Radiation pattern of square patch mounted diagonally on cylinder
- Author(s): M. Hamadallah
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1321 –1322
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880898
- Type: Article
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The radiation pattern of a square patch mounted diagonally on a cylinder is computed using the cavity model. Analytical expressions for the far field are presented and calculations are compared with measurements.
Hydrogen permeation in optical fibres with hermetic carbon coatings
- Author(s): P.J. Lemaire ; K.S. Kranz ; K.L. Walker ; R.G. Huff ; F.V. Dimarcello
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1323 –1324
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880899
- Type: Article
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Hydrogen permeation has been measured for optical fibres with hermetic carbon coatings. Data obtained at elevated temperatures and high hydrogen pressures lead to predictions of extremely low permeation rates at typical operating conditions. In situ loss measurements have shown the existence of a lag time, during which no hydrogen reaches a fibre's interior.
High-efficiency electroabsorption in quaternary AlGaInAs quantum-well optical modulators
- Author(s): K. Wakita ; I. Kotaka ; H. Asai ; O. Mikami
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1324 –1325
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880900
- Type: Article
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Quaternary AlGaInAs quantum-well optical modulators operating at 1.55μm are introduced and demonstrated for the first time. An electron-to-heavy-hole exciton absorption peak shift of over 600 Å is observed for a bias voltage of 6 V. An extinction ratio of 19 dB and high-speed operation over 4 GHz is obtained for this optical modulator.
Robot guidance using standard mark
- Author(s): C.-N. Shyi ; J.-Y. Lee ; C.-H. Chen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1326 –1327
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880901
- Type: Article
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A fast single-view approach to determining the robot location using the standard mark is proposed. In the approach, a standard mark with triangle pattern and location code is used as the reference target. No prerequisite condition is imposed in grabbing the image, and only simple 3-D vector algebra is used in calculating the location. Therefore, the alignment error can be avoided and the speed of location determination can be very fast.
Super low-noise HEMTs with a T-shaped WSix gate
- Author(s): I. Hanyu ; S. Asai ; M. Nunokawa ; K. Joshin ; Y. Hirachi ; S. Ohmura ; Y. Aoki ; T. Aigo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1327 –1328
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880902
- Type: Article
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A T-shaped quarter-micron gate structure composed of WSix/Ti/Pt/Au has been developed for low-noise AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs. The gate resistance Rg was reduced to 0.3 Ω for devices with 200 μm-wide gates despite using WSix, and the source resistance Rs reached 0.28 Ωmm by minimising the source-gate distance using a self-alignment technique. This HEMT exhibited the lowest reported noise figure of 0.54 dB with an associated gain of 12.1 dB at 12 GHz.
Resonant leaky-wave coupling in linear arrays of antiguides
- Author(s): D. Botez ; L.J. Mawst ; G. Peterson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1328 –1330
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880903
- Type: Article
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In a uniform array of antiguides, when codirectional leaky waves from adjacent elements add in phase each element equally couples to all others, causing the fundamental-mode near field to become uniform. The resonance condition is derived. When codirectional leaky waves are out of phase, coupling is only nearest-neighbour, causing the fundamentalmode near-field intensity envelope to be cosine-like. The consequences are discussed.
Correlation detection and trellis decoding of CPFSK signals
- Author(s): R. Liyanapathirana and N. Ekanayake
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1330 –1331
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880904
- Type: Article
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It is well known that correlation detection and trellis decoding of continuous phase frequency shift keyed (CPFSK) signals yields superior performance in comparison to other coherent detection techniques. In the letter we show that an M-state trellis in the decoder can achieve almost all the performance gain that is guaranteed by the memory of the CPFSK modulation.
High-resolution, current-mode A/D convertors using active current mirrors
- Author(s): D.G. Nairn and C.A.T. Salama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1331 –1332
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880905
- Type: Article
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An improved current-mode algorithmic A/D convenor (ADC), using active current mirrors, is described. These mirrors eliminate current mismatches due to the transistor's finite output resistance, allowing the construction of higher resolution ADCs than is possible using simple current mirrors.
Irreducible error rate in aeronautical satellite channels
- Author(s): F. Davarian
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1332 –1333
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880906
- Type: Article
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The letter examines the irreducible error rate in aeronautical satellite systems. It is shown that the presence of a delay in the multipath component of a Rician channel increases the irreducible error rate of the receiver.
High-power, mode-locked Nd:fibre laser pumped by an injection-locked diode array
- Author(s): I.N. Duling ; L. Goldberg ; J.F. Weller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1333 –1335
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880907
- Type: Article
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A neodymium-doped fibre laser has been actively modelocked to produce pulses shorter than 120ps using an intracavity acousto-optic loss modulator. The laser operated at 1.088μm at an average power of 5mW when pumped by an injection-locked diode array, which coupled approximately 40 mW of 0.82 μm into the fibre. A peak pulse power of 1 kW was obtained in Q-switched operation.
All polarisation maintaining fibre DPSK transmission system experiment
- Author(s): J.M.P. Delavaux ; R.W. Smith ; L.D. Tzeng ; J.R. Simpson ; A.J. Ritger ; H.B. Yin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1335 –1336
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880908
- Type: Article
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An all polarisation maintaining (PM) fibre heterodyne 1.4Gbit/s DPSK system experiment is demonstrated. Good and stable polarisation extinction ratio (>20dB) is achieved while using low loss keyed connectors between the various optical components. A bit error rate (BER) lower than 10−9 is measured for both short (10m) and long (2.6km) AT&T PM fibres.
64-channel digital TV distribution system operating at 4.4 Gbit/s
- Author(s): P.J. Smith ; R.A. Lobbett ; D.W. Faulkner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1336 –1338
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880909
- Type: Article
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A system capable of distributing 64 video channels over a passive optical network operating at a data rate of 4.4 Gbit/s has been demonstrated with an optical power budget of at least 21 dB.
Nonlinear, two-moded, single-fibre, interferometric switch
- Author(s): R.V. Penty ; I.H. White ; A.R.L. Travis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1338 –1339
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880910
- Type: Article
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A single-fibre, two-moded interferometer has been constructed. A nonlinear switch based on this interferometer has been demonstrated in which an argon ion laser probe signal is modulated by a dye laser pump signal, inducing a change in refractive index through the optical Kerr effect. A powerlength (PL) product for 100% modulation of 380 Wm has been measured.
Strategies for combatting base station failure in highway microcellular clusters
- Author(s): R.P. Aldridge ; R. Steele ; S.A. El-Dolil
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1339 –1340
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880911
- Type: Article
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Three strategies are presented for reducing the probability of hand-over failure when a microcellular base station fails in a highway microcellular cluster having an oversailing macrocell. Simulations show that the probability of new call blocking was unchanged, while the probability of hand-over failure decreased, although the SIR also decreased.
Deep states associated with stacking faults in silicon
- Author(s): G.R. Lahiji ; B. Hamilton ; A.R. Peaker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1340 –1342
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880912
- Type: Article
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We have studied the electrical behaviour of stacking faults in silicon, and show conclusively that the electron emission properties of the deep states associated with these defects are modified by decoration with gold. The emission properties and concentration of the deep state associated with the decorated defect changes systematically with the amount of gold present.
Propagation characteristic for a suspended substrate microstrip line with pedestal
- Author(s): C.H. Chan ; A.B. Kouki ; K.T. Ng
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1342 –1343
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880913
- Type: Article
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In the letter the full-wave analysis of a suspended substrate microstrip line with pedestal is investigated for the first time. Two auxiliary problems are constructed for obtaining the fields above and below the plane of the pedestal support. The characteristic equation is derived using the spectral Galerkin method.
Self-aligned bipolar transistor using double thermal oxidation
- Author(s): P.T. Lai ; A. Kassam ; C.A.T. Salama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1343 –1345
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880914
- Type: Article
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A novel process is proposed to self-align the emitter and extrinsic base in a bipolar transistor. The process involves the use of double thermal oxidation and RIE to create a steep oxide emitter sidewall. The method avoids the potential problems of LPCVD oxide and can remove the residual poly on the extrinsic base, both of which lead to base-emitter shorts. It also eliminates the need for growth of adhesion oxide and annealing of LPCVD oxide. The devices thus fabricated exhibit a high current gain of 130 and high punchthrough voltage of 20V.
Optimisation considerations for measurement of weak thermal lensing in laser media
- Author(s): J.S. Uppal and J.C. Monga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1345 –1347
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880915
- Type: Article
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We show that the fractional change in optical power due to induced thermal tensing can be greatly increased by careful choice of the size and position of an out-of-focus aperture.
Active radiating element using FET source integrated with microstrip patch antenna
- Author(s): K. Chang ; K.A. Hummer ; G.K. Gopalakrishnan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1347 –1348
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880916
- Type: Article
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An FET source has been integrated with a microstrip patch antenna to form an active radiating module. The patch antenna serves both as a radiating element and a resonator in the feedback loop for the FET oscillator. Power output of 17mW was achieved at 5.7 GHz.
Integrated-optic rotating waveplate frequency shifter
- Author(s): R. Noe and D.A. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1348 –1349
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880917
- Type: Article
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An endless phase-shifter or optical frequency shifter with wide optical bandwidth is described, using a Ti: LiNbO3integrated-optic rotating half-wave waveplate. Conversion efficiency and sideband suppression were 95% and >25dB, respectively, at an operating frequency of 2 MHz.
Monolithic GaInAs/InP FET inverter amplifiers for long-wavelength OEICs
- Author(s): P.J.G. Dawe ; W.S. Lee ; G.R. Antell ; D.A.H. Spear ; S.W. Bland
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, p. 1349 –1351
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880918
- Type: Article
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Monolithically integrated inverter amplifiers based on MOCVD-grown GaInAs/InP heterojunction FETs have been made. 1 μm-gate-length FETs exhibited a typical pinchoff voltage of −1.5V, transconductance of 160mS/mm and DC drain conductance of 2–4mS/mm, at zero gate bias. Amplifier voltage gain as high as 27 was measured at DC, dropping to 11 above 1 MHz due to the presence of an extra frequency-dependent drain conductance component.
Erratum: Easy programming for fast computation of S-matrix sensitivities
- Author(s): J.-S. Hong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, page: 1351 –1351
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880919
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Exact calculation of partial-height waveguide Y-junction circulator using mode-matching technique
- Author(s): D. Hahn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, page: 1351 –1351
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880920
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Modes of phase-locked diode-laser arrays of closely spaced antiguides
- Author(s): D. Botez and G. Peterson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, page: 1351 –1351
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880921
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Multibit oversampled Σ-Δ A/D convertor with digital error correction
- Author(s): L.E. Larson ; T. Cataltepe ; G.C. Temes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, page: 1351 –1351
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880922
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Analytical model for semiconductor laser amplifiers in coherent optical systems
- Author(s): K. Hinton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, page: 1351 –1351
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880923
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Continuous-wave operation of lateral current injection multiquantum-well laser
- Author(s): A. Furuya ; M. Makiuchi ; O. Wada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 24, Issue 21, page: 1351 –1351
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19880924
- Type: Article
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