Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 23, Issue 6, 12 March 1987
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Volume 23, Issue 6
12 March 1987
Complexity reduction in fully vector quantised stochastic coders
- Author(s): P.G. Hammett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 253 –254
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870185
- Type: Article
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253
–254
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Stochastic linear predictive coders can produce good quality speech at low bit rates but are computationally very demanding. A method for reducing the computational complexity of the selection process for the optimum innovation sequence is described. The improved efficiency can be achieved without any reduction in the performance of the coder.
Design and realisation of high-gain 1.5 μm semiconductor TW optical amplifiers
- Author(s): P. Brosson ; B. Fernier ; J. Benoit ; J.C. Simon ; B. Landousies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 254 –256
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870186
- Type: Article
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p.
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–256
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The influence of the waveguide parameters, leakage current, electrical and thermal resistances on the maximum linear gain and the corresponding tuning wavelength of buried-heterostructure (BH) semiconductor travelling-wave optical amplifiers (TWAs) operating around 1.5 μm is theoretically analysed. A 26 dB gain TWA has been designed and fabricated from a 400 μm-long BH laser with a 0.2 μm-thick active layer by using low-reflectivity SiO (R ≃ 6 × 10−4) coatings.
Transfer function matrix
- Author(s): H. Seraji
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 256 –257
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870187
- Type: Article
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–257
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Given a multivariable system, it is proved that the numerator matrix N(s) of the transfer function evaluated at any system pole either has unity rank or is a null matrix. It is also shown that N(s) evaluated at any transmission zero of the system has rank deficiency. Examples are given for illustration.
Reduced-order models using optimal Laguerre approximations
- Author(s): P.D. Olivier
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 257 –259
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870188
- Type: Article
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–259
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The letter describes a model order-reduction prodcedure that is based on an optimally truncated Laguerre series expansion. Some of the advantages of the prodcedure are that it simultaneously minimises the error in the impulse response and the energy between the original system and the low-order model.
DC and microwave characteristics of an In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As modulation-doped quasi-MISFET
- Author(s): K.S. Seo ; P.K. Bhattacharya ; K.R. Gleason
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 259 –260
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870189
- Type: Article
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–260
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The DC and microwave performance of a modulation-doped InGaAs/InAlAs quasi-MISFET structure, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, is reported. Improved performance is obtained with the incorporation of Ti in the source-drain metallisation with which contact resistances as low as 0.1 Ωmm are measured. An extrinsic transconductance of 310mS/mm and a best value of fT=32 GHz in a 1.0 μ-gate device are measured at 300 K.
Soliton propagation in the presence of source chirping and mutual interaction in single-mode optical fibres
- Author(s): C. Desem and P.L. Chu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 260 –262
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870190
- Type: Article
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–262
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The effect of source chirping on soliton interaction is studied. For small chirping, soliton interaction can be reduced by the method of solitons with unequal amplitudes. For large chirping, however, even this method fails to work. In this case two initial pulses give rise to three solitons. Thus large chirping leads to disastrous mutual interaction between solitons.
Content-addressable memories for storing and processing recursively subdivided images and trees
- Author(s): J.V. Oldfield ; R.D. Williams ; N.E. Wiseman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 262 –263
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870191
- Type: Article
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–263
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Content-addressable memories may be arranged to store three-state information in a reliable and efficient manner. They can be applied to the representation of tree structures used in some graphic display applications, such as quadtrees and octrees, avoiding the need for pointers, and speeding up many operations. Examples are given for picture updating and scan conversion.
Interpretation of compact range measurements
- Author(s): R.C. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 263 –265
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870192
- Type: Article
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–265
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A novel derivation is given for the radiative coupling between two antennas. Compact range measurements are seen to be convolutions of the patterns from test and range antennas. The letter proposes that theoretical patterns should be similarly convolved for comparison, rather than attempting pattern deconvolution.
Low-insertion-loss channel waveguides in LiNbO3 fabricated by proton exchange
- Author(s): J.J. Veselka and G.A. Bogert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 265 –266
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870193
- Type: Article
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–266
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We describe single-mode proton exchange waveguides in Z-cut LiNbO3 at the 1.32 μm wavelength having low fibre/waveguide/fibre insertion loss.
Linear third-order discrete system stability under parameter variations
- Author(s): K.S. Yeung and S.S. Wang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 266 –267
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870194
- Type: Article
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p.
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–267
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The letter presents a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of discrete systems up to third-order under parameter variations.
Novel microwave projection imaging for determination of internal structure
- Author(s): K.I. Schultz and D.L. Jaggard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 267 –269
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870195
- Type: Article
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p.
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–269
(3)
A novel microwave imaging technique based on the generalised weighted backprojection operator is introduced and tested using experimental data. Images of the internal structure of penetrable objects using this technique are compared and contrasted with images found from the classical back-projection method. It is demonstrated that the new method provides high-quality images of both discrete and continuous internal structure without the distortions characteristic of traditional methods.
Self: a self-timed systems design technique
- Author(s): C.H. Lau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 269 –270
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870196
- Type: Article
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p.
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–270
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An asynchronous CMOS circuit technique that can realise both combinatorial and sequential logic is introduced. Circuits so designed exhibit correct operation that is independent of wiring delays. An example of a first-in, first-out (FIFO) memory will be used to illustrate the technique.
Single-lobe ‘Y’ coupled laser diode arrays
- Author(s): D.F. Welch ; P.S. Cross ; D.R. Scifres ; W. Streifer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 270 –272
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870197
- Type: Article
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–272
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‘Y’ Coupled laser arrays have been fabricated with flared waveguides at the output facet to expand the near-field spot and increase the near-field fill factor to greater than 80%. The far-field radiation pattern is predominantly single-lobe, and power outputs of 150mW CW have been obtained with threshold currents as low as 130mA.
Spectral attenuation measurement for fluoride glass single-mode fibres by Fourier transform techniques
- Author(s): Y. Ohishi and S. Sakaguchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 272 –273
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870198
- Type: Article
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–273
(2)
A new spectral attenuation measurement system using a Fourier transform spectrometer is developed. The Fourier transform spectral attenuation measurement (FT-SAM) system makes the signal acquisition time for a wide wave-length range of 1.0–4.2μ much shorter than measurement with a conventional dispersive spectral attenuation measurement system. The spectral attenuation for a fluoride glass single-mode fibre, with a minimum loss of 3±1 dB/km at 2.5μm, is measured with this system.
Low-leakage InGaAs photodiodes grown on gaAs substrates using a graded strained-layer superlattice
- Author(s): P.D. Hodson ; R.H. Wallis ; J.I. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 273 –275
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870199
- Type: Article
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p.
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–275
(3)
InxGa1–xAs layers with In concentrations up to 35% have been grown on GaAs substrates by MOCVD using a GaAs/InxGa1–xAs superlattice with graded layer thicknesses to accommodate the lattice mismatch. 105 μm-diameter PIN diodes fabricated from this material have leakage currents below 1 nA at – 10 V, comparable to devices from lattice-matched material on InP substrates.
General formalism for the study of nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibres
- Author(s): A. Kumar and M.S. Sodha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 275 –276
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870200
- Type: Article
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–276
(2)
A general formalism for the study of nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibres is presented. It is then applied to study the time evolution of a Gaussian laser pulse in a fibre with cubic and fifth-order nonlinearity in the index of refraction. The results are presented and discussed.
Improved HF broadband wire antenna
- Author(s): A.P.C. Fourie and B.A. Austin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 276 –278
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870201
- Type: Article
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p.
276
–278
(3)
Improvements in the performance of a loaded, broadband HF wire antenna are reported. An empirical technique, based on simulations obtained from a method of moments code (NEC), was used to design the antenna. The predicted VSWR and efficiency performance indicated its superiority over similar configurations. VSWR measurements confirmed the computed results.
Dielectric slab matched ferrite gyrator
- Author(s): J. Uher ; F. Arndt ; J. Bornemann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 278 –279
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870202
- Type: Article
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p.
278
–279
(2)
A 180° nonreciprocal ferrite phase shifter with stepped dielectric impedance transformer sections at both ends is designed using the method of field expansion into eigenmodes. The rigorous optimisation method includes the higher-order mode interaction between the step discontinuities. The design achieves compact and simple components, as relatively thick, and consequently short, uniform ferrite slabs of standard dimensions may utilised. A computer-optimized design example provides about 180° ± 1° nonreciprocal differential phase shift between 12.2 and 12.8 GHz together with more than 24dB return loss.
Low-loss dispersion-shifted polarisation-maintaining fibres
- Author(s): Y. Sasaki ; K. Tajima ; S. Seikai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 279 –280
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870203
- Type: Article
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p.
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–280
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Low-loss polarisation-maintaining fibres, with the zero dispersion wavelength shifted to 1.56 μm, have been fabricated. A minimum transmission loss of 0.27 dB/km and crosstalk of –22dB over a length of 4.1km, corresponding to h = 1.53 × 10-6m-1, are achieved at the same wavelength.
Stress-relieved magnetoelastic amorphous metal DC magnetometer
- Author(s): M.D. Mermelstein ; C. Askins ; A. Dandridge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 280 –281
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870204
- Type: Article
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–281
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Reduction in the low-frequency stress-induced noise has improved the performance of a magnetoelastic amorphous metal fluxgate magnetometer by a factor of 20. This is accomplished by utilising a viscous fluid interface between the ribbon and its support structure. A minimum detectable field of 120pT/√Hz is demonstrated.
Low-noise 8 GHz PIN/FET optical receiver
- Author(s): J.L. Gimlett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 281 –283
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870205
- Type: Article
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p.
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–283
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An ultrawide-bandwidth, low-noise optical receiver has been designed for use in both multigigabit direct-detection or coherent heterodyne systems at 1.3 and 1.55 μm wavelengths. The receiver consists of a low-capacitance InGaAs PIN photodiode connected to a high-impedance three-stage GaAs FET preamplifier. Inductive peaking at the front end is used to reduce the receiver noise at high frequencies. The receiver has an equivalent input RMS noise current of < 12 pA/√Hz from 4 to 7 GHz. The measured 3 dB bandwidth of 8 GHz is the widest receiver bandwidth reported to date.
Measurement of flicker phase noise of 1.4 GHz MESFET amplifier at temperatures between 300 K and 1.26 K
- Author(s): M.D. Hürlimann and W.N. Hardy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 283 –284
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870206
- Type: Article
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–284
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We have measured the phase noise of a low-noise 1.4GHz MESFET amplifier at temperatures between 300K and 1.26K and for sideband frequencies between 0.15 Hz and I kHz. In our experimental configuration the phase noise between 4.2 K and 2.17 K was large and mainly caused by bubbling of the liquid helium cryogen. However, the intrinsic phase noise, observed below 2.17 K, was lower than at room temperature, in contrast to earlier reported behaviour of amplifiers operated at X-band.
Fabrication and performance of an InP/InGaAsP monolithic 12 × 12-element matrixed LED array
- Author(s): L.A. Koszi ; H. Temkin ; B.H. Chin ; S.G. Napholtz ; B.P. Segner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 284 –286
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870207
- Type: Article
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p.
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–286
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The fabrication of a large-area InP/InGaAsP double-heterostructure LED monolithic matrixed array of 144 light-emitting elements is presented. Each LED produces ˜2.5 mW at an operating current of 150mA with per-element bandwidths of ˜200 Mbit/s. The array, which we believe to be the largest integrated optoelectronic circuit fabricated in this material system, is thus capable of very high power output and bandwidth. Such arrays are expected to be useful in many optical data link applications.
Coherent lightwave transmission at 2 Gbit/s over 170 km of optical fibre using phase modulation
- Author(s): A.H. Gnauck ; R.A. Linke ; B.L. Kasper ; K.J. Pollock ; K.C. Reichmann ; R. Valenzuela ; R.C. Alferness
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 286 –287
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870208
- Type: Article
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p.
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–287
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We report coherent lightwave transmission at a data rate of 2Gbit/s over 170 km of optical fibre. Phase modulation is employed, and a bit error rate lower than 10-9 is achieved. The receiver sensitivity of –39.0 dBm 10-9 BER) is an improvement of 2.4 dB over the best previously published direct-detection result for non-return-to-zero transmission.
Low-temperature process for high-mobility polysilicon TFTs
- Author(s): B. Loisel ; Y. Chouan ; N. Pedrono ; P. Joubert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 288 –289
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870209
- Type: Article
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p.
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–289
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Thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been realised by a low-temperature (T≤ 580°C), short process, on polycrystalline silicon thin films deposited by PECVD on glass. Field-effect mobility up to 35cm2V-1s-1 has been measured on such devices.
Optical sampling with gain-switched, pulse-compressed, distributed feedback laser diodes
- Author(s): D.L. Franzen ; Y. Yamabayashi ; T. Kanada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 289 –290
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870210
- Type: Article
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–290
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Chirped pulses from gain-switched, distributed feedback laser diodes at a wavelength of 1.3μm are compressed to 8.7ps. FWHM by the linear dispersion properties of single-mode fibre. These pulses are used to optically sample fast waveforms from other 1.3 pm laser diodes. The high time resolution sampling system uses a fibre coupler to combine beams; this eliminates critical alignment and results in a practical design.
Endless polarisation control using four fibre squeezers
- Author(s): N.G. Walker and G.R. Walker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 290 –292
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870211
- Type: Article
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Four fibre squeezers are shown to provide endless polarisation control such that one arbitrarily varying polarisation state can be transformed into another. Results of an experimental implementation are reported.
Serial-data computation on twin pipelines
- Author(s): M.S. McGregor ; S.G. Smith ; P.B. Denyer ; A.F. Murray
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 292 –293
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870212
- Type: Article
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–293
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The letter describes a novel two-wire data representation for bit-serial architectures. The technique offers twice the data throughput of conventional bit-serial systems at a cost of much less than twice the hardware. In some cases less hardware than the conventional one-wire representation can be used to implement the two-wire representation.
Computer simulation of an induction heating power supply using power MOSFETs
- Author(s): D.W. Tebb and L. Hobson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 293 –294
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870213
- Type: Article
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p.
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–294
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High-frequency induction heating power supplies using power MOSFETs are now commercially available. The results of computer simulation of commercial units using an adaptation of SPICE are given and a comparison made with practical waveforms.
InP/GaInAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with improved electrical characteristics grown on strained buffer layers
- Author(s): N. Emeis and H. Beneking
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 295 –296
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870214
- Type: Article
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In the InP/GaInAs material system heterojunction bipolar transistors have been fabricated on isoelectronically doped InP buffer layers. The greatly improved performance of the B–E diodes, especially at low forward bias, is reflected in the improved behaviour of bipolar transistors.
100 Mbit/s PSK heterodyne experiment using a travelling-wave laser amplifier
- Author(s): R.C. Steele and I.W. Marshall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 296 –297
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870215
- Type: Article
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A 100 Mbit/s PSK heterodyne coherent optical communication system has been demonstrated using a frequencystabilised HeNe laser transmitter. The experiment incorporated a travelling-wave laser optical amplifier which gave 8 dB fibre-to-fibre gain with no significant system penalty.
High-transconductance AlInAs/GaInAs HIFETs grown by MOCVD
- Author(s): M. Kamada ; T. Kobayashi ; H. Ishikawa ; Y. Mori ; K. Kaneko ; C. Kojima
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 297 –298
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870216
- Type: Article
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We fabricated a lμm-gate-length heterointerface FET (HIFET) using a selectively doped AlInAs/GaInAs heterostructure grown by atmospheric-pressure MOCVD. The HIFET showed a transconductance as high as 530mS/mm at room temperature. This is the highest measurement of transconductance ever reported in this system.
Wavelength dependence of optical oxidation of silicon
- Author(s): I.W. Boyd and F. Micheli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 298 –300
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870217
- Type: Article
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Using a novel technique to amplify small increases in the oxidation rate of laser-irradiated silicon, we have successfully isolated a photonic contribution to the reaction induced by CW argon laser radiation.
20 GHz dynamic frequency divider with GaAs advanced SAINT and air-bridge technology
- Author(s): K. Osafune ; T. Enoki ; M. Muraguchi ; K. Ohwada
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 300 –302
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870218
- Type: Article
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A GaAs BFL dynamic binary frequency divider is designed and fabricated using advanced SAINT with asymmetric n+-layers and air-bridge technology. Operation above 20 GHz is achieved due to advanced SAINT FETs with 0.3 μm gate length and the reduction of parasitic capacitances between interlayer lines.
Refractive waveguide lenses: a new design
- Author(s): G.C. Righini and G. Molesini
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 302 –303
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870219
- Type: Article
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A new class of corrected homogeneous acircular refractive lens systems (CHARLES) for integrated optics is presented. These optical systems, which consist of a small number of elementary lenses bounded by noncircular arcs, can be designed to be fully corrected over wide field angles. They can be fabricated by standard masking and diffusion processes.
Highly efficient InGaAs/InAIAs MQW waveguide phase shifter
- Author(s): K. Wakita ; Y. Yoshikuni ; Y. Kawamura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 303 –304
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870220
- Type: Article
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Characteristics of an optical waveguide phase shifter that uses field-induced variation of the refractive index change in reverse-biased PIN InGaAs/InAlAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are reported for the first time. High mesa waveguides are fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy and wet chemical etching. The largest phase-shifting efficiency (66° / V mm) ever reported in a reverse-biased structure operating at long wavelengths is obtained near the bandgap; however, this is located in a low absorption wavelength region.
High carrier rejection for a 3.7 to 4.2 GHz BPSK modulator
- Author(s): J. Larroque ; J. Sombrin ; L. Lapierre ; J.F. Sautereau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, p. 305 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870221
- Type: Article
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The letter deals with a 3.87 GHz balanced modulator, produced using planar technology with slotlines and microstrip lines engraved on an Epsilam-type substrate, and two beam lead Schottky diodes HP HSCH 5314. Under modulation up to 50 MHz, carrier and even harmonic rejection of better than 45 dB is obtained, with transmission losses lower than 3db.
Erratum: Polarisation fluctuation in optical-fibre submarine cable under 8000 m deep sea environmental conditions
- Author(s): Y. Namihira ; S. Ryu ; K. Mochizuki ; K. Furusawa ; Y. Iwamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, page: 306 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870222
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Analysis of singular systems using Taylor series approach
- Author(s): Hung-Yuan Chung and York-Yih Sun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, page: 306 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870223
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Taylor series approach to functional approximation for inversion of Laplace transforms
- Author(s): Hung-Yuan Chung and York-Yih Sun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, page: 306 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870224
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Coupled mode analysis of wavefront properties of phased array diode lasers
- Author(s): N.W. Carlson ; J.K. Butler ; V.J. Masin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, page: 306 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870225
- Type: Article
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Erratum: New analysis of LED to single-mode fibre coupling
- Author(s): B. Hillerich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, page: 306 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870226
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Compact broadband microstrip antenna
- Author(s): C.K. Aanandan and K.G. Nair
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, page: 306 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870227
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Convolutional coding for BPSK system with orthogonal sounding tone on fast Rayleigh fading channel
- Author(s): Yuh-Long Chen and Che-Ho Wei
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 23, Issue 6, page: 306 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19870228
- Type: Article
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Extreme multistability in a memristive circuit
- Author(s): Bo-Cheng Bao ; Quan Xu ; Han Bao ; Mo Chen
- Type: Article
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Absorptive frequency selective surface using parallel LC resonance
- Author(s): Qiang Chen ; Liguo Liu ; Liang Chen ; Jiajun Bai ; Yunqi Fu
- Type: Article
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Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
- Author(s): Fenggang Sun ; Peng Lan ; Bin Gao
- Type: Article
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Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
- Author(s): G. Tsirimokou ; C. Psychalinos ; A.S. Elwakil ; K.N. Salama
- Type: Article
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article