Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 22, Issue 16, 31 July 1986
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Volume 22, Issue 16
31 July 1986
1 Gbit/s optical FSK heterodyne transmission experiment over 100 km of single-mode fibre
- Author(s): R.S. Vodhanel ; J.L. Gimlett ; L. Curtis ; N.K. Cheung
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 829 –830
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860568
- Type: Article
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A 1 Gbit/s optical FSK modulation/heterodyne detection transmission experiment has been conducted at a wavelength of 1497 nm. The receiver sensitivity is −37dBm and no degradation is observed after transmission through 100 km of single-mode fibre.
Si magnetic sensor composed of two combined pin diodes
- Author(s): M. Kimura and S. Takahashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 830 –832
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860569
- Type: Article
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A novel highly sensitive Si magnetic sensor composed of two PIN diodes with a common n+-region is proposed, and the fundamental characteristics are shown. This magnetic sensor is operated in the double-injection states of both two PIN diodes, and may be regarded as an active magnetoresistance device which detects the resistance change of the main PIN diode due to application of the magnetic field.
Prism coupling technique: a method for measurement of propagation constant and beat length in single-mode fibres
- Author(s): K. Thyagarajan ; M.R. Shenoy ; M.R. Ramadas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 832 –833
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860570
- Type: Article
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We report preliminary investigations on the application of the prism coupling technique to the measurement of the mode spectra of conventional and birefringent single-mode fibres (SMFs). Experimental results on the measurement of the propagation constant in normal SMF, and the application of this technique to the measurement of beat length on an elliptic-core SMF, are presented.
High-Δn, small-core single-mode fibres for efficient nonlinear optical effects
- Author(s): S. Sudo ; T. Hosaka ; H. Itoh ; K. Okamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 833 –835
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860571
- Type: Article
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High-Δn, small-core single-mode fibres have been fabricated with the VAD method. Results have been obtained for fibres having cores of Δn = 2.9% and diameter = 2.3 μm and Δn = 1.9% and diameter = 2.8 μm. Minimum losses for a Δn = 2.9% fibre and a Δn = 1.9% fibre are 0.82 dB/km at 1.61 μm and 0.68 dB/km at 1.62 μm. Other fundamental properties have been measured.
Theoretical and experimental study of transverse-horizontal convolver
- Author(s): Y. Cho and K. Yamanouchi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 835 –836
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860572
- Type: Article
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The letter presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies for the transverse-horizontal convolver (THC) fabricated on LiNbO3. First, the definition of the figure of merit for the THC is proposed and, secondly, the existence of the crystal orientation and the direction of propagation with high efficiency and large electromechanical coupling coefficient for an LiNbO3 SAW THC is shown.
Laser coupling to single-mode fibre using graded-index lenses and compact disc 1.3 μm laser package
- Author(s): L.A. Reith ; P.W. Shumate ; Y. Koga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 836 –838
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860573
- Type: Article
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A 1.3 μm laser in a compact disc package is coupled to single-mode fibre using two graded-index lenses in a nearly confocal scheme. An increase in the alignment tolerance at the lens-lens interface by a factor of six suggests the design for a potentially very low-cost connectorised laser package. The coupling efficiency of approx. 6% (−12 dB) is shown to be adequate for local loop applications.
Anomaly of modal field in side-tunnel single-polarisation fibre
- Author(s): K. Hayata ; M. Eguchi ; M. Koshiba ; M. Suzuki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 838 –839
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860574
- Type: Article
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A noticeable anomaly of modal field in side-tunnel single-polarisation optical fibres is observed for some cross-sectional shapes. Accordingly, as hollow tunnels encroach on a core region, the field of the fundamental mode breaks up into a double peak. As a result of this transition, it closely resembles that of a higher-order mode.
Electric field intensity at surface of a coronating wire above a ground plane
- Author(s): M.M. Aboelsaad ; M.R. Raghuveer ; I.R. Ciric
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 839 –841
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860575
- Type: Article
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An assumption commonly used in the solution of the DC corona equations is that the electric field intensity at the coronating wire is always constant at the onset value. However, the validity of this assumption has been questioned in the literature. An algorithm in which this difficulty is alleviated is proposed.
Chromatic dispersion measurements on long fibre lengths using LEDs
- Author(s): F.M.E. Sladen ; H.S. Reichard ; S. Uveges
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 841 –842
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860576
- Type: Article
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The chromatic dispersion of 50.7 km of single-mode fibre has been measured with a single edge-emitting LED using the phase-shift technique. For a 15 s measurement time the zero of chromatic dispersion is obtained with a standard deviation of 0.7 nm for a 50.7 km fibre length and 0.25 nm for a 38.0 km length.
Threshold performance of M-ary noncoherent frequency-shift keying in non-Gaussian noise
- Author(s): A.M. Maras ; H.D. Davidson ; A.G.J. Holt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 842 –843
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860577
- Type: Article
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An expression for the error probability of M-ary noncoherent frequency-shift keying (NCFSK) for locally optimum threshold detection in non-Gaussian noise, frequently encountered in practice, is derived, which demonstrates that a significant improvement in performance can be achieved when M is greater than two.
Nonreciprocity in optical waveguide: experiment
- Author(s): Y. Okamura ; H. Inuzuka ; S. Yamamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 843 –844
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860578
- Type: Article
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We have demonstrated nonreciprocity in a magneto-optic waveguide by measuring the polarisation of the light emerging out of the channel waveguide, where a magnetic field was applied along the propagation direction. Nonreciprocity in an optical waveguide, in which the phase matching between the orthogonally polarised modes is not satisfied, leads to the opposite rotation of the major axis of the ellipse of the output light polarisation as reversing the propagation direction.
Fast convergence method for Lloyd-Max quantiser design
- Author(s): K.N. Ngan and K.S. Leong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 844 –846
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860579
- Type: Article
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In Max quantiser design, a numerical method is usually employed to solve the Lloyd-Max equations. Poor accuracy and slow convergence rate are observed in most of the algorithms used. A fast convergence method is proposed here to generate the Max quantiser with minimum mean-square error. This is achieved by changing the integration limits and using a bisection method in solving the Lloyd-Max equations.
Changes in properties of GaN blue light-emitting diodes over time
- Author(s): T. Yanagisawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 846 –847
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860580
- Type: Article
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846
–847
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Electrical conduction tests of metal-insulator-semiconductor(MIS)-structure GaN blue light-emitting diodes have been performed. Samples in which the emission intensity improved over time and samples in which the emission intensity degraded with time were observed. The pattern of change in both types was studied by measuring the device properties. Degradation of emission intensity was seen to be caused by changes in the emission and electron injection mechanism. Reference was made to the action of Zn in the I-S region.
Design method of symmetric vector quantiser
- Author(s): T. Murakami ; K. Asai ; A. Itoh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 848 –849
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860581
- Type: Article
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A new design algorithm is presented for a symmetric universal vector quantiser based on the successive partitioning of normalised signal space. The universal vector quantiser of video signals is also shown as an example.
Predistortion and enhancement of high-frequency peak limited MAC video signals
- Author(s): W.H. Dobbie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 849 –851
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860582
- Type: Article
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p.
849
–851
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The use of phase predistortion to reduce the smearing caused by high-peak limiting is described, and results for transmission through a 9 MHz RF channel are presented.
Finite wordlength design of wave digital filters
- Author(s): A.R. Mirzai and S.S. Lawson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 851 –853
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860583
- Type: Article
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The letter illustrates some examples from a software package for the design of finite wordlength wave digital filters (WDFs). Given a set of initial coefficients, the program generates a new set of coefficients which are quantised to the required number of bits. Some filter design examples have been considered to illustrate this for three types of WDF, i.e. unit element, lattice and LC-ladder WDFs.
Hybrid edge, gap and directly coupled triangular microstrip antenna
- Author(s): P.S. Bhatnagar ; J.-P. Daniel ; K. Mahdjoubi ; C. Terret
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 853 –855
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860584
- Type: Article
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–855
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A new hybrid type of configuration has been investigated to obtain wider bandwidth. In the proposed configuration, two parasitic resonators are directly coupled to the nonradiating edges of a central patch through short sections of the micro-strip lines and a third parasitic resonator is gap-coupled with its radiating edge.
Jitter reduction in self-sustaining monostable clock recovery circuit
- Author(s): K.S. Visvanatha ; P.A. Goud ; C.G. Englefield
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 855 –856
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860585
- Type: Article
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A simple circuit modification is presented for reducing the output jitter of the self-sustaining monostable multivibrator clock recovery circuit. Jitter is reduced by preventing the monostable multivibrator from being triggered by pulses that arrive early. Experimental results in a fibre-optic system employing the Petrovic code show that, with this modification, the jitter variance can easily be reduced by a factor of 6.
Solution of semiconductor equations using a fully adaptive mesh strategy
- Author(s): G.A. Armstrong ; R.S. Ferguson ; J.G. Flynn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 856 –858
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860586
- Type: Article
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The letter presents a novel means of mesh adaption when the finite-element method is applied to the semiconductor equations. Using triangular elements it has the ability to avoid obtuse angles while still allowing flexibility in mesh design. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated by a simulation of an MOS device operating at a high drain voltage where generation due to impact ionisation becomes significant.
Injection-locked operation of a 20-element coupled-stripe laser array
- Author(s): L. Goldberg and J.F. Weller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 858 –859
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860587
- Type: Article
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858
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Single far-field lobe and single-mode operation of a 20-element GaAlAs gain-guided coupled-stripe array with 315 mW of output was obtained by injection locking with 3.9 mW of incident power. The 0.31° lobe width was near the diffraction limit. An external small-signal gain of 19 dB was obtained.
Assessment of modal effects in local area networks
- Author(s): G. Evers and U. Unrau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 859 –861
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860588
- Type: Article
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859
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Differential mode attenuation in LANs with ring and tree topologies consisting of biconical couplers and connectors or splices is assessed by the mode transition matrix method. Comparing the results to simple addition of manufacturers' data for restricted launch demonstrates that deviations in a concatenation of up to four 6 dB couplers are tolerable, if component tolerances are small.
KTN optical waveguides grown by liquid-phase epitaxy
- Author(s): P. Bohac and H. Kaufmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 861 –862
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860589
- Type: Article
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Single-crystal optical waveguiding KTa1-xNbxO3layers have been successfully grown on to a (100)-KTaO3 substrate from a K2O-V2O5 flux by liquid-phase epitaxy.
High-efficiency power 2DEGFETS based on a surface undoped layer n-AlGaAs/GaAs selectively doped structure for Ka-band
- Author(s): H. Hida ; Y. Akiba ; Y. Suzuki ; H. Toyoshima ; K. Ohata
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 862 –864
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860590
- Type: Article
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We have evaluated the power performance of surface undoped structure n-AlGaAs/GaAs 2DEGFETs at Ka-band. This unique configuration 2DEGFET with a 0.5 μm gate length showed a 143 W/mm output power at 28.5 GHz. Furthermore, 7 dB linear gain and 21% power-added efficiency were attained, which are the best data in the Ka-band frequency range reported to date.
Experimental study on stacked triangular microstrip antennas
- Author(s): P.S. Bhatnagar ; J.-P. Daniel ; K. Mahdjoubi ; C. Terret
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 864 –865
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860591
- Type: Article
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The broadband behaviour of a pair of stacked triangular microstrip antennas is investigated experimentally. Recent experiments have shown that the bandwidth of a triangular microstrip antenna (TMA) can be broadened to as high as 17.5%.
Détermination directe des vitesses de phase et de groupe dans les lignes microondes par la méthode TLM (Direct determination of phase and group velocities in microlines by the TLM method)
- Author(s): D. Pompei and A. Papiernik
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 866 –867
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860592
- Type: Article
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La méthode TLM permet d'agir sur l'excitation dans lea lignes. Les vitesses de phase sont déterminées en s'approchant du synchronisme entre l'excitation et les modes existants. La vitesse de groupe est déduite de la modulation de fréquence créée par variation des dimensions de la structure. L'accès à ces grandeurs réduit notablement les temps calcul. The TLM method permits modification of the excitation of modes in microlines. This property gives us access to phase velocities by synchronisation of excitation and propagating modes. Producing frequency modulation by variation of geometrical dimensions, the group velocities are deduced. Theoretical aspects and numerical results are given.
Transmission of a stabilised RF phase reference over a monomode fibre-optic link
- Author(s): E. Peschardt and J.P.H. Sladen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 868 –869
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860593
- Type: Article
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A scheme is presented for the stabilisation of an RF phase reference transmitted across a fibre-optic link. Using a mirror, part of the received light is returned along the same fibre to the transmitting end where half the round-trip fibre delay variations are compensated.
Channelled-substrate buried-heterostructure InGaAsP/InP laser with semi-insulating OMVPE base structure and LPE regrowth
- Author(s): D.P. Wilt ; J. Long ; W.C. Dautremont-Smith ; M.W. Focht ; T.M. Shen ; R.L. Hartman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 869 –870
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860594
- Type: Article
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A channelled-substrate buried-heterostructure InGaAsP/InP laser is demonstrated which uses a semi-insulating InP base structure current confinement layer formed by OMVPE. Pulsed threshold currents as low as 14 mA and median aging rate under 60°C, 3 mW per facet burn-in conditions of 1% per thousand hours have been measured. A bandwidth greater than 4 GHz and modulation at rates as high as 20 Gbit/s have been achieved.
Novel high-Q narrowband/notch digital filter
- Author(s): R. Subramanyan and K. Radhakrishna Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 870 –872
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860595
- Type: Article
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A periodically time-varying linear second-order digital filter is analysed. It is shown that the technique of periodically varying the coefficients leads to significant savings in coefficient word length in the design of notch and narrowbandpass digital filters having high-Q pole pairs.
Theoretical model of reconstructed scatter in volume holograms
- Author(s): G.D.G. Riddy and L. Solymar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 872 –873
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860596
- Type: Article
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The mechanism of scattered radiation in volume holograms is investigated with the aid of a coupled wave model. Results calculated from the theory, showing the loss of power in the replay beam due to conversion into noise radiation, are compared with previously obtained experimental results, and good agreement is found.
System limitations due to four-wave mixing in single-mode optical fibres
- Author(s): R.G. Waarts and R.-P. Braun
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 873 –875
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860597
- Type: Article
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The transmission of a multichannel coherent optical system is limited by four-wave mixing. In a 100-channel monomode fibre link, 5 GHz channel separation, −20 dB crosstalk level, the input power per channel should be lower than 0 to −5dBm for a subscriber line (5 km), or −10dBm for a trunk line (>100 km), employing low-loss dispersion-shifted fibre.
Generating strong primes
- Author(s): J. Shawe-Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 875 –877
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860598
- Type: Article
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A new method of generating strong primes is presented. The method produces primes satisfying Gordon's strong prime requirements but which are not probabilistic. The expected time required to generate such a prime is comparable with previously proposed methods.
Far-infra-red emission from two-dimensional plasmon in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure
- Author(s): N. Okisu and T. Kobayashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 16, p. 877 –878
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860599
- Type: Article
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The far-infra-red (FIR) emission from the grating-coupled two-dimensional (2-D) plasmon in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterointerface was investigated and a quite high emission power of 30 μW/cm2 (460 μm wavelength) was obtained under an applied electric field of 760 V/cm. This output power is three orders of magnitude higher than that reported previously. Our calculations suggest that an applied field of 2–3 kV/cm is sufficient to offer FIR (100–200 μm) emission in excess of milliwatts/centimetre2.
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