Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 22, Issue 14, 3 July 1986
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Volume 22, Issue 14
3 July 1986
High-frequency voltage-controlled continuous-time lowpass filter using linearised CMOS integrators
- Author(s): A.P. Nedungadi and R.L. Geiger
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 729 –730
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860500
- Type: Article
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The design and implementation of a continuous-time lowpass filter with voltage-controlled cutoff frequency and passband ripple is presented. The circuit uses a linearised CMOS transconductor as a basic integrating building block. A voltage-controlled phase-adjusting scheme is employed in the integrator to compensate for excess phase in the transconductance at high frequencies. The fabricated filter is capable of realising cutoff frequencies as high as 2 MHz and handles single-ended input signals up to 4 V p-p with less than 1% distortion.
Comment: Wideband frequency response measurement of photodetectors using optical heterodyne detection technique
- Author(s): P. Spano
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, page: 731 –731
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860501
- Type: Article
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Reply: Wideband frequency response measurement of photodetectors using optical heterodyne detection technique
- Author(s): S. Kawanishi and M. Saruwatari
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, page: 731 –731
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860502
- Type: Article
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High return loss connector design without using fibre contact or index matching
- Author(s): R. Rao and J.S. Cook
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 731 –732
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860503
- Type: Article
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A noncontacting connector design which reduces the returned power from reflections is demonstrated. The design takes advantage of the poor coupling characteristics between tilted Gaussian beam modes of single-mode fibre. The connector's mean return loss is -38 dB and its mean insertion loss is 0.7 dB.
Novel structure for television picture noise reduction
- Author(s): G. Schamel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 732 –734
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860504
- Type: Article
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A new method for noise reduction in image sequences is described which is based on a modified form of the well known first-order recursive temporal filter. The new features of the system are the improved separation of signal and noise and subsequently the reduction of noise in moving areas. This is accomplished without increasing the complexity of the whole system very much.
Proposal for simplified WDM transmission configuration
- Author(s): H. Uno and N. Aragaki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 734 –735
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860505
- Type: Article
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A new WDM (wavelength division multiplexing transmission configuration for local communications is proposed. In this configuration, the demultiplexing function is performed using narrow spectral sensitivity optical detectors and a demultiplexer is not required, allowing economical and simple WDM transmission. Dual-wavelength WDM transmission of 0.86 μm and 0.73 μm over 2 km on GI fibre is experimentally confirmed, using commercially available LEDs for both optical sources and detectors.
Tetrahedrons, edges and nodes in 3-D finite-element meshes
- Author(s): S.R.H. Hoole ; S. Jayakumaran ; S. Yoganathan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 735 –737
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860506
- Type: Article
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The letter presents a formula expressing the number of tetrahedrons in 3-D finite-element mesh, in terms of the numbers of edges, vertices and boundary vertices, for use in the allocation of space for data structure and determination of the condition for uniqueness of solution, attaching to the formulation of field problems.
High-sensitivity low-frequency magnetometer using magnetostrictive primary sensing and piezoelectric signal recovery
- Author(s): A. Pantinakis and D.A. Jackson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 737 –738
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860507
- Type: Article
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A simple and inexpensive magnetometer is presented which uses a piezomagnetic primary sensor together with a piezoelectric transducer to convert a magnetic field into an electrical signal. A linear operating range is achieved by employing a negative feedback configuration. The detection sensitivity is 1.5 x 10-4 A/m per Hz1/2at low frequencies.
Hybrid mode-locking of an angled-stripe C3laser
- Author(s): P. Phelan and D.J. Bradley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 738 –739
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860508
- Type: Article
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An antireflection-coated angled-stripe two-section C3laser has been mode-locked in an external cavity by application of sinusoidal modulation at the cavity round-trip frequency to the section providing gain while the other section provides saturable loss. Pulses less than 20 ps in duration with low noise and background intensity are obtained subject to the relaxed operational tolerances characteristic of hybrid mode-locking.
Two-dimensional device simulator for laser diodes: HILADIES
- Author(s): K. Yamaguchi ; T. Ohtoshi ; C. Kanai-Nagaoka ; T. Uda ; Y. Murayama ; N. Chinone
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 740 –741
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860509
- Type: Article
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A two-dimensional device simulator for designing laser diodes has been developed. The wave equation and the rate equation for photons, as well as Poisson's equation and the current-continuity equations for electrons and holes, are solved numerically. The letter can reveal precisely the operation mechanism of laser diodes.
Frequency-modulation characteristics of semiconductor lasers: deviation from theoretical prediction by rate equation analysis
- Author(s): K. Kikuchi ; T. Fukushima ; T. Okoshi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 741 –742
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860510
- Type: Article
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The frequency modulation characteristics of 1.3 μm InGaAsP DFB BH lasers are measured when the bias current is slightly modulated by a sinusoidal waveform. Two deviations from the prediction by the rate equations are observed. One is that the phase difference between the frequency deviation and the modulation current approaches 180° below the relaxation resonance, and the other is that the ratio of the frequency modulation index to the amplitude modulation index has a strong frequency dependence. Both of the results are well explained by the two-section model, in which the inhomogeneous distribution of the spectral width enhancement factor α is assumed.
Interchangeable terminals in channel routing problem
- Author(s): D. Bisztray
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 743 –744
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860511
- Type: Article
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The traditional channel routing problem is known to be solvable, if and only if the constraint graph is acyclic. In the letter we examine channels with two-terminal nets without doglegging and assume that some terminals are interchangeable. A necessary and sufficient condition is established for the interchangeability of the points to ensure solvability. Regular channel structures, like those in gate arrays, are compared. The routability condition is shown to be weaker if noninter-changeable points have different abscissas.
High-speed and precise monolithic multiplier with radiation hardness using silicon bipolar SST
- Author(s): M. Umehira ; H. Kikuchi ; S. Konaka ; S. Kato
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 744 –746
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860512
- Type: Article
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A high-speed and precise monolithic analogue multiplier with radiation hardness for high-speed onboard modems has been developed using Si-bipolar SST (super self-aligned process technology). The developed multiplier achieves an amplitude error of less than 0.2 dB p-p and a phase error of less than 2 degrees p-p up to 1 GHz. Moreover, radiatio hardness tests have proved the multiplier has a total dose. immunity up to 106rad (Si).
Analysis and applications of modified coupled coplanar lines
- Author(s): A. Sawicki and K. Sachse
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 746 –747
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860513
- Type: Article
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Modified coupled coplanar lines, compatible with the classical and conductor-backed coplanar waveguides, are analysed using the quasistatic and full-wave spectral domain methods. Results of the analysis are utilised for designing a 10 dB directional coupler. Measured isolation of the coupler is higher than 33 dB in the bandwidth up to 5 GHz.
Wideband HEMT balanced amplifier
- Author(s): J.J. Komiak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 747 –749
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860514
- Type: Article
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The high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) has demonstrated great potential for high-gain and low-noise applications, achieving a noise figure and current gain cutoff frequency fT superior to that of the GaAs MESFET. The letter presents the practical use of an HEMT in a hybrid wideband balanced amplifier covering 8.5 to 16 GHz producing 9.7 ± 0.5 dB gain and 2.6 dB midband noise figure. The performance is also compared to a GaAs MESFET stage.
Second-derivative routing algorithms
- Author(s): F. Pavlidou and S.S. Kouris
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 749 –750
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860515
- Type: Article
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749
–750
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An approximation of Newton's method has been used recently in routing algorithms in computer networks, which is based on the assumption that the matrix of second derivatives of the objective function (Hessian) is diagonal. It is demonstrated that in message-switched networks some specific nondiagonal elements exist and therefore the Hessian is not diagonal. Moreover, it is found that these elements are of the same order as the diagonal ones.
Efficient serial/parallel inner-product computation
- Author(s): S.G. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 750 –752
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860516
- Type: Article
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A class of serial/parallel architectures for inner-product computation is described, based on carry-save accumulator arrays. In their basic form such arrays form carry-save multiply/adders. A simple modification of the coefficient feed allows flexible extension to short vector inner-product computation using distributed arithmetic. These modules may be cascaded to handle longer vectors, forming high-level VLSI digital signal processing subsystems.
Transmission properties of 2.55 μm fluoride glass fibre
- Author(s): O. Eknoyan ; R.P. Moeller ; W.K. Burns ; D.C. Tran ; K.H. Levin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 752 –753
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860517
- Type: Article
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–753
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Data transmission and bandwidth measurements have been performed on a fluoride glass fibre at the 2.55 μm minimum loss wavelength of the fibre, using a colour centre laser and an external waveguide modulator. Fibre modal dispersion limited the fibre bandwidth to 360 MHz.
Monolithic integration of GaAs photoconductors with a field-effect transistor
- Author(s): D.K.W. Lam ; B.A. Syrett ; M.G. Stubbs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 753 –754
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860518
- Type: Article
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A one-stage monolithic integration of a tandem pair of GaAs photoconductors (PCs) with a field-effect transistor (FET) is reported. The PC-FET exhibits a bandwidth in excess of 1 GHz and a gain of 6 dB at midband. A very low noise figure of ∼3 dB in the FET is also achieved.
Low-loss slow-wave propagation along a microstructure transmission line on a silicon surface
- Author(s): V.M. Hietala ; Y.P. Kwon ; K.S. Champlin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 755 –756
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860519
- Type: Article
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We report observations of relatively low-loss propagation in the frequency range of 1.0 to 12.4 GHz using a micrometer-size coplanar MIS transmission line fabricated on a heavily doped N+ silicon surface. This low-loss mode of propagation is found to be accompanied by significant wavelength reduction which suggests that such lines may be useful as transmission media for distributed components in silicon monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs).
Thin-film polariser for Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides at λ=1.3μm
- Author(s): J. Čtyroký and H.-J. Henning
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 756 –757
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860520
- Type: Article
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Thin-film polarisers using a dielectric buffer layer and a metallic overlay on Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguides for λ = 1.3 μm have been designed and fabricated. The TM mode extinction ratio better than 35 dB and negligible TE mode excess losses have been measured with Si3N4/Al polarisers 2 mm long.
Tunable sonar transducer
- Author(s): G.A. Steel ; B.V. Smith ; B.K. Gazey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 758 –759
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860521
- Type: Article
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Details are given of an underwater transducer which is tunable over the frequency range 250 kHz to 700 kHz. The structure comprises a pair of 50 mm-diameter lead zirconate titanate ceramic plates suitably mounted. The resonant frequency of the structure is electronically controlled by varying in a predetermined manner the amplitude and phase of the voltage applied to one of the ceramics.
Power-dependent enhancement in repeater spacing for dispersion-limited optical communication systems
- Author(s): M.J. Potasek and G.P. Agrawal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 759 –760
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860522
- Type: Article
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We have found numerically an intensity-dependent increase in the repeater spacing for dispersion-limited lightwave transmission systems. The enhancement is due to the combination of nonlinearity and anomalous dispersion occurring in conventional fibres at 1.55 μm. For moderate powers we find about a factor of two enhancement in the repeater distance compared to the linear case. We also investigate the effects of laser frequency chirp.
Gbit/s transmission experiments with a 1.3 μm high-speed surface-emitting LED and multimode graded-index fibre
- Author(s): W.C. King and N.A. Olsson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 761 –762
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860523
- Type: Article
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Using a 1.3 μm wide-bandwidth surface-emitting LED, transmission experiments were performed with 50/125 μm multimode, graded-index fibre. Pulse shaping and equalisation were used in achieving a 10-9 bit-error rate at 1.0 Gbit/s over 3.0 km with a system margin of 1.1 dB. At 500 Mbit/s the margin increased to 7.0 dB. The 3.0 Gbit km/s data rate-distance product represents a new level of performance for a surface-emitting LED and multimode fibre.
35 GHz Varactor analogue phase modulator in integrating waveguide technology
- Author(s): J. Modelski and J.H. Hinken
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 762 –763
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860524
- Type: Article
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Design method, fabrication process and measurement results of a linear analogue phase modulator in Ka-band with abrupt varactor diode are presented. The modulator was realised in integrating waveguide technology, which is based on a completely dielectric-filled rectangular waveguide. The 180° phase shift over the frequency band 34.3–35.4 GHz has been received with phase nonlinearity less than 3.5% and insertion loss of 3 ± 0.4 dB.
Broadening of bandwidths in grating multiplexer by original dispersion-dividing prism
- Author(s): M. Shirasaki ; H. Nakajima ; K. Asama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 764 –765
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860525
- Type: Article
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A grating multiplexer with broad bandwidth in each channel was developed. It was achieved by devising a new method using an original dispersion-dividing (D2 prism. A nine-channel multiplexer with channel spacings of 10 nm was fabricated for single-mode fibres in the 1.55 μm-wavelength region, and bandwidths of 7 nm were obtained.
Local charge influence on impurity diffusion in semiconductors
- Author(s): A. Buonomo and C. Di Bello
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 22, Issue 14, p. 765 –766
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19860526
- Type: Article
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The impurity diffusion in semiconductors has been simulated numerically by considering the local charge present in the semiconductor during the process. Numerical results demonstrate the validity limits of the diffusion model based on the well known charge neutrality approximation.
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