Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 21, Issue 17, 15 August 1985
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Volume 21, Issue 17
15 August 1985
Analogue video transmission over cabled monomode fibre using optical frequency modulation with heterodyne detection
- Author(s): D.J.T. Heatley ; R.A. Lobbett ; T.K. White ; A.J. Farthing ; K.I. Gilbert ; W.A. Stallard ; A.R. Beaumont
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 717 –718
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850506
- Type: Article
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The design and receiver sensitivity of a heterodyne detection system using analogue optical frequency modulation is examined for the transmission of a single baseband colour video signal. After transmission over 30 km of cabled monomode fibre, receiver sensitivity was measured to be −70.3 dBm for a 53 dB unified weighted video SNR.
GRIN-SCH SQW laser/photodiode array by improved microcleaved facet process
- Author(s): H. Nobuhara ; O. Wada ; T. Fujii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 718 –719
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850507
- Type: Article
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A four-channel monolithic laser/photodiode array with microcleaved inner facets has been developed. The laser array exhibits low threshold currents and high quantum efficiencies with good uniformity, owing to the use of a GRIN-SCH single quantum well structure as well as the improved microcleaved facet process.
Microstrip disc antenna with short-circuited annular ring
- Author(s): C.J. Prior and P.S. Hall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 719 –721
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850508
- Type: Article
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The addition of an annular short-circuited ring to a microstrip disc has resulted in a novel compact antenna suitable for reflector feed applications. Variations of the ring geometry allow bandwidth extensions up to twice that of the disc, but with some gain penalty. The radiation pattern has good circular symmetry and a reduced crosspolarisation of −21 dB compared to the isolated disc.
Effect of nonlinear gain on the bandwidth of semiconductor lasers
- Author(s): R. Olshansky ; D.M. Fye ; J. Manning ; C.B. Su
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 721 –722
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850509
- Type: Article
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The effect of nonlinear gain on the frequency response of semiconductor lasers at high bias powers is analysed using the multimode rate equations. In spite of the strong damping of the relaxation oscillations due to nonlinear gain, bandwidths of over 40 GHz appear to be attainable in semiconductor lasers.
Raman amplification in fluoride glass fibres
- Author(s): Y. Durteste ; M. Monerie ; P. Lamouler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 723 –724
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850510
- Type: Article
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We report on stimulated Raman multi-Stokes scattering and Raman amplification in slightly multimode fluoride glass fibres. Raman gain in excess of 40 dB has been obtained in an 18 μm-diameter, 10 m-long fibre with a pump power in the order of 1 kW.
In-line optical-fibre filter for wavelength multiplexing
- Author(s): M.S. Whalen and K.L. Walker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 724 –725
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850511
- Type: Article
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An optical-fibre wavelength-selective directional coupler has been fabricated using evanescent-wave coupling between fibres of dissimilar core radii and refractive-index profiles. This device has a nonperiodic filter response with a bandpass of 90 nm FWHM centred around 1.22 μm, and has a peak coupling efficiency of 60% with an excess loss of 0.2 dB.
Directional-coupler filter using dissimilar optical fibres
- Author(s): D. Marcuse
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 726 –727
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850512
- Type: Article
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The letter discusses the filter bandwidths achievable with directional couplers composed of two dissimilar optical fibres. One fibre always has a step-index core while the other may be either a step-index fibre or a graded-index fibre whose core has a parabolic, triangular or cusp-shaped refractive-index distribution.
Synthesis of monomode fibre profiles by solving an almost linear system of algebraic equations
- Author(s): G. Trommer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 727 –729
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850513
- Type: Article
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The letter describes a new method for the synthesis of monomode fibre profiles. By solving a system of almost linear algebraic equations this approach allows an index profile to be calculated from a specified functional relation of the dispersion coefficient. As an example the index profile of a broadband fibre was determined.
Se+ ion implantation into encapsulated GaAs
- Author(s): M.A. Shahid ; R. Gwilliam ; B.J. Sealy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 729 –730
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850514
- Type: Article
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PECVD Si3N4 was deposited on undoped SI (100) GaAs. Se+ ions were implanted with a dose of 1×1014 ions cm−2 at an ion energy of 400 keV through the Si3N4 layer. Annealing was carried out on a dual graphite strip heater at temperatures up to 900°C for 100 s. Transmission electron microscope studies show a large concentration of damage in the form of dense dislocation tangles and long-range strain centres at the Si3N4/GaAs interface. Below this sheet of gross damage the material contains a relatively low density of dislocation loops. Electrical measurements indicate that, for a similar implant condition directly into GaAs, a relatively high electrical activity is measured compared with that of the implants through the Si3N4 encapsulating layer.
High-power InGaAsP edge-emitting LEDs for single-mode optical communication systems
- Author(s): R. Olshansky ; D. Fye ; J. Manning ; M. Stern ; E. Meland ; W. Powazinik ; L. Ulbricht ; R. Lauer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 730 –731
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850515
- Type: Article
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The letter describes 1.3 μm InGaAsP edge-emitting LEDs which couple 40 to 60 μW into a single-mode fibre. The 1.0 ns rise times and 30 to 45 nm spectral widths of these LEDs make suitable for optical communication systems operating at data rates as high as 400 Mbit/s.
1 GHz 5 mA 128/129 GaAs prescaler IC
- Author(s): T. Takada ; S. Saito ; N. Kato ; M. Idda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 731 –733
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850516
- Type: Article
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A 1 GHz dual modulus 128/129 prescaler with only a 5 mA dissipation current is developed. A 5-level series gating source-coupled FET logic is used to attain this small current. The IC is fabricated with 0.5 μm-gate-length GaAs MESFETs. This prescaler is suitable for a synthesiser in a mobile communication system.
Radiative efficiency in low-dimensional semiconductor structures
- Author(s): M.G. Burt and R.I. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 733 –734
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850517
- Type: Article
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The ratio of the spontaneous emission and Auger recombination rates for quantum wells and wires is compared theoretically with that for bulk structures. Dramatic improvements in radiative efficiency are not predicted for these novel structures unless carrier densities are greatly reduced.
Maximum income approach to yield optimisation
- Author(s): L.J. Opalski and M.A. Styblinski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 734 –736
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850518
- Type: Article
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A new approach to yield optimisation is proposed, based on the maximisation of the expected manufacturer's income, expressed through a newly introduced yield measure called ‘income (or profit) yield index’. The measure takes into account the price decrease of inferior designs, and it can be maximised using the existing methods of yield optimisation with insignificant additional computational cost.
Note on frequency dependence of quality factor of cavity resonators
- Author(s): A. Sihvola
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 736 –737
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850519
- Type: Article
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In the letter attention is focused on the fact that for resonance modes in cavity resonators, the quality factor due to conductivity losses has a √ω-like frequency dependence, contrary to two established textbooks on microwave engineering.
Fabrication of low-loss optical fibres containing rare-earth ions
- Author(s): S.B. Poole ; D.N. Payne ; M.E. Fermann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 737 –738
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850520
- Type: Article
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Fibres containing rare-earth ions have been produced by an extended MCVD process. The fibres have very high absorption levels in the visible and near infra-red regions, without significantly compromising the low-loss characteristics of the fibre at wavelengths between 950 and 1400 nm.
Neodymium-doped silica single-mode fibre lasers
- Author(s): R.J. Mears ; L. Reekie ; S.B. Poole ; D.N. Payne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 738 –740
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850521
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We report the first CW operation of a neodymium-doped silica single-mode fibre laser pumped by a GaAIAs laser diode. A laser threshold of less than 1 mW has been obtained.
Jitter accumulation in optical transmission systems
- Author(s): J.H. Wilbrod and J. Moulu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 740 –742
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850522
- Type: Article
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Jitter accumulation on a high-bit-rate submarine optical link has been investigated through signal circulating experiments. One-, 6- and 12-repeater loops exhibit similar accumulation. The variance of the systematic jitter increases as the number of repeaters and the random jitter tends to saturate.
Wavelength-flattened fused couplers
- Author(s): D.B. Mortimore
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 742 –743
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850523
- Type: Article
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A technique is reported for the fabrication of fused couplers, which yields devices having splitting ratios substantially independent of wavelength. A low-loss, stable, single-mode 2×2 port coupler has been fabricated using this technique. The coupler has 50/50% coupling at both 1.3 and 1.52 μm and 50% ± 9% coupling over the wavelength range 1.23 to 1.57 μm.
Low-threshold-current CW operation of 1.5 μm GaInAsP/InP bundle-integrated-guide distributed-Bragg-reflector (BIG-DBR) lasers
- Author(s): Y. Tohmori ; K. Komori ; S. Arai ; Y. Suematsu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 743 –745
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850524
- Type: Article
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Low-threshold-current and high-power operation of 1.5 μm GaInAsP/InP bundle-integrated-guide (BIG) DBR lasers were obtained. A single-mode operation temperature range of more than 70 deg was demonstrated around room temperature by shortening the active region to 100 μm. The modulation characteristic was measured up to 2 GHz with a modulation depth of 100%. A maximum value of dynamic wavelength shift was 2 Å at 1.2 times threshold current.
Experimental determination of propagation parameters of a microstrip line with tuning septums
- Author(s): P. Pribetich ; P. Kennis ; C. Seguinot
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 745 –746
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850525
- Type: Article
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The letter refers to the experimental determination of the propagation characteristics of a microstrip line with tuning septums. The purpose of this study is to measure with accuracy the (ω, β) diagram for the two fundamental modes of this line using a crossratio technique.
Optical circulator consisting of a YIG spherical lens, PANDA-fibre polarisers and a fibre-optic polarising beam splitter
- Author(s): I. Yokohama and J. Noda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 746 –748
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850526
- Type: Article
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A novel optical circulator is reported which employs an yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere, PANDA-fibre polarisers and a fibre-optic polarising beam splitter. The splitting ratios of the fibre-optic polarising beam splitter were 1.0:99.0 for x-polarisation and 97.5:2.5 for y-polarisation, with an excess loss of 0.5 dB at 1.30 μm wavelength. The backward isolation of the optical circulator was 30 dB with the total insertion loss of 4.5 dB.
CW operation of 1.5 μm InGaAsP/InP BH lasers with a reactive-ion-etched facet
- Author(s): H. Saito ; Y. Noguchi ; H. Nagai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 748 –749
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850527
- Type: Article
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The reactive-ion-etching (RIE) technique utilising a TiO2 mask and Cl2-Ar gas is successfully applied to facet mirror fabrication of 1.5 μm InGaAsP/InP buried-heterostructure (BH) lasers. Room-temperature CW operation has been achieved with a structure having one etched and one cleaved facet. A threshold current value of 30 mA at 25°C has been achieved for a laser with a 380 μm cavity length.
New continuous dynamic focusing technique in ultrasound imaging
- Author(s): M.H. Lee and S.B. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 749 –751
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850528
- Type: Article
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A new continuous dynamic focusing technique for ultrasound imaging is proposed. The conventional delay-sum-sampling process can be replaced by a sampling-sum process if the maximum delay time is less than the sampling interval. To extend the sampling interval effectively, second-order sampling is adopted.
High-power operation of index-guided inverted channel substrate planar (ICSP) lasers
- Author(s): J.J. Yang ; C.S. Hong ; J. Niesen ; L. Figueroa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 751 –752
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850529
- Type: Article
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An easily fabricated high-power index-guided laser, the inverted channel substrate planar (ICSP) structure, has been developed using the two-step metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technique. Linear output power characteristics were observed to 30 mW CW on submount with junction side up without facet coatings. The device operated in a stable single mode to a power >25 mW. Improved ICSP lasers with facet coatings demonstrate a stable high output power of 65 mW CW and a differential quantum efficiency of 60%.
Complex autocorrelation estimators in radar signal processing
- Author(s): S. Barbarossa ; M. Capece ; G. Picardi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 752 –754
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850530
- Type: Article
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Conventional complex estimators and relay estimators (analysed in the real case by Cacopardi) are compared, examining the estimation errors and the computational cost; complex estimators are analysed in order to obtain the optimum implementation of the adaptive radar processors.
Extrapolation of point rain-rate distributions
- Author(s): T.-S. Chu and J.A. Schecker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 754 –755
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850531
- Type: Article
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Numerical results of extrapolating the point rain-rate distribution to lower and higher rain rates using a log-normal approximation have shown insensitivity to the total probability P0 which depends on the ambiguous definition of when it is raining. The proposed extrapolation technique will be useful in microwave communication system engineering.
New DC-free line code of minimum bandwidth with increased eye width
- Author(s): Je In Baek and Jae-Kyoon Kim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 755 –757
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850532
- Type: Article
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A new variant of the bipolar code for improving its bandwidth efficiency is introduced. The resulting code, which can be seen as a dual code to the recently introduced VBPm, is DC-free and requires only the Nyquist bandwidth for transmission. Both its duality with VBPm and its improvement in eye width even over that of modified duobinary are presented.
MOCVD-grown AlGaAs/GaAs hot-electron transistor with a base width of 30 nm
- Author(s): I. Hase ; H. Kawai ; S. Imanaga ; K. Kaneko ; N. Watanabe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 757 –758
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850533
- Type: Article
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An AIGaAs/GaAs hot-electron transistor (HET) with a base width of 30 nm was successfully fabricated by MOCVD. The common-emitter current gain increased gradually with base-collector voltage, and reached a level of 1.6 at 77 K and 2.0 at 4.2 K. This current gain is the highest and this base width is the thinnest among those reported so far on the AIGaAs/GaAs HET.
Microlenses for stressed-cladding polarisation-preserving fibre
- Author(s): R.M. Jopson ; G. Eisenstein ; K.L. Hall ; J.R. Simpson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 758 –759
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850534
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We describe the fabrication of microlenses on stressed cladding flattened polarisation-maintaining fibres. Coupling efficiencies of 42% and polarisation decoupling greater than 20 dB are demonstrated.
Crosstalk limits of Fabry-Perot demultiplexers
- Author(s): S.R. Mallinson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 759 –761
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850535
- Type: Article
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A model to analyse the crosstalk characteristics of a Fabry-Perot demultiplexer is described. Expressions linking the fundamental parameters have been derived which greatly simplify the task of predicting the performance of the demultiplexer in the wider context of a single-mode optical network.
Fast algorithms for implementing RSA public key cryptosystem
- Author(s): S.B. Mohan and B.S. Adiga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, page: 761 –761
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850536
- Type: Article
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Fast algorithms are presented for implementing the public key cryptosystem proposed by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman. The fast algorithms are based on the fast integer multiplications scheme due to Schonhage and Strassen and the proposed iterative division algorithm.
High-accuracy pipeline A/D convertor configuration
- Author(s): G.C. Temes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 762 –763
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850537
- Type: Article
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A novel pipeline A/D convertor configuration is proposed which appears to have some speed and accuracy advantages over earlier schemes. Circuits are also given for the compensation of the DC offset voltages of the input S/H stages, and for increasing the time available for signal acquisition.
Propagation characteristics of broadside-coupled shielded image lines
- Author(s): L. Faltin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 763 –765
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850538
- Type: Article
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Approximate phase constants and modal field distributions for broadside-coupled shielded image lines have been derived by the effective-index method. The procedure of constructing appropriate field expressions is briefly outlined, and numerical results for a typical geometry are presented. They are in good agreement with results from rigorous methods.
Direct electro-optic sampling of GaAs integrated circuits
- Author(s): K.J. Weingarten ; M.J.W. Rodwell ; H.K. Heinrich ; B.H. Kolner ; D.M. Bloom
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 765 –766
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850539
- Type: Article
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We report the first electro-optic sampling measurements made directly within an integrated circuit. Using the electro-optic effect in GaAs, we have noninvasively probed the internal voltage waveforms of a 2–12 GHz GaAs FET travelling-wave amplifier integrated circuit driven by a microwave signal source.
Compact noise-reduction system for quasistatic TV pictures
- Author(s): M.J.M. Pelgrom ; J. Herrmann ; H.P. van Gijn ; F.W.P. Vreeswijk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 766 –768
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850540
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A compact noise-reduction system has been implemented using a simplified picture-averaging technique and novel CCD field memory devices. A comparison with other noise reduction systems is made and an analysis of the algorithm is presented.
Compact, cranked-dipole feed for efficient illumination of small F/D paraboloids
- Author(s): J.A. Battilana
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 768 –769
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850541
- Type: Article
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The azimuthal symmetry of the polar diagram of a simple dipole radiator above a ground plane may be improved by bending the ends of the dipole towards the ground plane. Combined with capacitative loading of the dipole and a modified balun, this produces a compact, efficient feed with improved selectivity.
Low-threshold MBE GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well lasers with dry-etched mirrors
- Author(s): M. Mannoh ; T. Yuasa ; K. Asakawa ; K. Shinozaki ; M. Ishii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 769 –770
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850542
- Type: Article
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An index-guided GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum well laser with etched mirrors has been fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy and a dry etching process. The transverse mode is stabilised by a built-in optical waveguide, which is formed on the substrates with a pair of grooves. The etched mirrors are fabricated by reactive ion beam etching. The lasers with 200 μm-long cavities exhibit threshold currents as low as 30 mA and external differential quantum efficiencies as high as 41%.
Experimental parameters affecting amplitude scintillation measurements on satellite links
- Author(s): G. Ortgies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 771 –772
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850543
- Type: Article
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The letter investigates both theoretically and experimentally the influence of the duration of the basic measuring interval and the sampling rate (integration time) on the determination of the variance of amplitude deviations from their clear weather mean. Under the given experimental conditions a sampling interval of 100 ms and a basic measuring interval of about 1 min proved to be appropriate to keep errors low in determining the variance.
Ultra-high-speed ring oscillators based on self-aligned-gate modulation-doped n+-(Al, Ga)As/GaAs FETs
- Author(s): N.C. Cirillo ; J.K. Abrokwah ; A.M. Fraasch ; P.J. Vold
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 772 –773
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850544
- Type: Article
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Ultra-high-speed ring oscillator test circuits based on modulation-doped n+-(Al, Ga)As/GaAs field-effect transistors have been fabricated using a completely planar, self-aligned gate by an ion-implantation process. A gate propagation delay of 11.6 ps/gate at a power dissipation of 1.56 mW/gate was measured at room temperature. On cooling to 77 K the gate delay decreased to 8.5 ps/gate at a power dissipation of 2.59 mW/gate. These ring oscillator gate delay times are the fastest ever reported for any semiconductor digital circuit technology.
180 Mbit/s, 35 km transmission over single-mode fibre using 1.3 μm edge-emitting LEDs
- Author(s): R.H. Saul ; W.C. King ; N.A. Olsson ; C.L. Zipfel ; B.H. Chin ; A.K. Chin ; I. Camlibel ; G. Minneci
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, p. 773 –775
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850545
- Type: Article
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Narrow-stripe, V-groove edge-emitting 1.3 μm LEDs are reported that couple −15.2 dBm of peak power into a single-mode fibre. Transmission at 180 Mbit/s over 35 km of single-mode fibre is described; this result corresponds to the highest bit rate-distance product (6.3 Gbit km/s) reported to date for an LED source. Accelerated aging results are presented.
Erratum: Theoretical investigation of a stripline planar antenna
- Author(s): Chen Jin-Guang and Shi Wen-Hong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 21, Issue 17, page: 775 –775
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19850546
- Type: Article
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Extreme multistability in a memristive circuit
- Author(s): Bo-Cheng Bao ; Quan Xu ; Han Bao ; Mo Chen
- Type: Article
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Absorptive frequency selective surface using parallel LC resonance
- Author(s): Qiang Chen ; Liguo Liu ; Liang Chen ; Jiajun Bai ; Yunqi Fu
- Type: Article
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Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
- Author(s): Fenggang Sun ; Peng Lan ; Bin Gao
- Type: Article
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Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
- Author(s): G. Tsirimokou ; C. Psychalinos ; A.S. Elwakil ; K.N. Salama
- Type: Article
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54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article
