Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 2, Issue 9, September 1966
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Volume 2 (1966)
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 2, Issue 9
September 1966
Study of the propagation characteristics of a tropospheric radio link by the use of a laboratory model
- Author(s): W.G. Burrows
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, page: 325 –325
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660274
- Type: Article
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An investigation of tropospheric propagation using a scaled-down model, with a laser replacing the radio transmitter, is described.
New property of the stability diagram for curved-mirror resonators
- Author(s): S.A. Harrison and W.K. Kahn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 326 –327
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660275
- Type: Article
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–327
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Stable and unstable configurations for a curved-mirror optical resonator containing an inhomogeneous focusing medium have been computed on the basis of ray theory. These computations indicate the existence of six distinct regions on the stability chart of Boyd and Kogelnik. Most significantly, resonators initially within three of the regions become more stable, and those within the three remaining regions less stable, when perturbed by focusing effects due to a (convergent) inhomogeneous medium.
Influence of charge effects on the electrical conductivity of thin metal films
- Author(s): R.W. Alsford ; R.E. Hayes ; D.I. Kennedy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, page: 327 –327
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660276
- Type: Article
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The letter describes investigations made into the electrical resistance of evaporated films of lead, tin, indium and gold, less than 600 mÅ thick. It was found that lower-resistance films could be obtained if arrangements were made to reduce the accumulated charge appearing on the substrate.
Identification of a system in the presence of low-frequency drift
- Author(s): W.D.T. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 327 –329
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660277
- Type: Article
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–329
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A technique is described, by which the elimination of error terms, due to low-frequency-drift disturbances, in the determination of the impulse-response function of a time-invariant system is achieved. The method uses a chain code as the perturbating input. It is shown that, by advancing the output rather than delaying the input, the errors that arise in the estimation of the impulse-response function are completely determined.
Woven electron emitters for high reliability
- Author(s): B.R.F. Kendall and H.M. Luther
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 329 –330
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660278
- Type: Article
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–330
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Results of tests carried out on woven and knitted electron emitters are summarised. The most outstanding characteristic of these emitters is their high reliability, which results from the multiplicity of current paths. Other features include good mechanical stability, transparency, a large effective emitting area and efficiency comparable with conventional filaments of the same materials.
Transient changes in material conductivity due to impact ionisation in a Gunn-effect domain
- Author(s): J.S. Heeks ; A.D. Woode ; C.P. Sandbank
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 330 –331
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660279
- Type: Article
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–331
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An interesting phenomenon is reported which occurs when a long sample of GaAs containing a high-field domain is subjected to an increased level of drive during part of it first cycle. Under such conditions there is produced locally, at the position where the domain is situated when the overdrive is applied, an increase in the free-carrier concentration, which then decays relatively slowly (approximately 1 μs). The effect is very similar to that first observed by Owens and Kino and ascribed by them to the generation of a second stable domain while the first is in transit through the device.
Transfer-function matrixes
- Author(s): H.H. Rosenbrock
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 331 –332
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660280
- Type: Article
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–332
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Compact formulas are given for elements of a transfer-function matrix, its inverse and other related quantities, in terms of the original differential equations. From these formulas, an upper bound to the degree of the quantities concerned is established.
Nonlinear phase behaviour of travelling-wave tubes
- Author(s): G.P. Bava
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 332 –334
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660281
- Type: Article
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–334
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An expression is derived which gives the a.m./p.m. conversion factor of a t.w.t. as a function of the helix voltage, when the beam current is varied in such a way as to keep the gain constant.
Horowitz minimum-sensitivity decomposition
- Author(s): J. Gorski-Popiel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 334 –335
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660282
- Type: Article
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It is shown that, for the class of active networks for which either the attenuation function or the phase characteristic alone is of importance, Horowitz minimum-sensitivity decomposition does not lead to optimally sensitive networks. Some consequences and implications of this are discussed in an example.
Analogue model for the signal-and-noise equivalent circuit of u.h.f. transistors
- Author(s): W. Bächtold and M.J.O. Strutt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 335 –336
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660283
- Type: Article
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–336
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The noise behaviour of microwave transistors is computed by an analogue model of the noise equivalent circuit. A specific example is used to verify the accuracy of the computation, by comparison with measured values up to 1500 MHz, for a transistor.
Elimination of the singularity in the power radiated by a point electric dipole in an unbounded magnetoplasma
- Author(s): S.R. Seshadri
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 336 –338
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660284
- Type: Article
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–338
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A critical discussion is given of the relative merits of the various techniques that have been proposed for eliminating the singularity in the power radiated by a point electric dipole in an unbounded magnetoplasma medium within certain frequency ranges.
Simultaneous estimation of first and second derivatives of a cost function
- Author(s): D.W. Clarke and K.R. Godfrey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 338 –339
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660285
- Type: Article
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–339
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A correlation method for estimating the second derivative, as well as the first derivative, of a cost function which is quadratic in an input parameter is described. The method, using a 3-level msequence perturbation signal, enables the cost-function minimum to be reached in a single step in a noisefree system. The effects of noise, and the extension of the method to multiparameter cost functions, are discussed.
Walsh functions and Hadamard matrixes
- Author(s): D.A. Bell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 340 –341
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660286
- Type: Article
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p.
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–341
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An orthogonal matrix can be used as a generator of a minimum-distance code. In addition to the recursively constructed Hadamard matrixes there are others of order 4n. Their use in coding appears to be limited.
Stability of negative-impedance convertors
- Author(s): R.F. Hoskins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, page: 341 –341
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660287
- Type: Article
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This letter is complementary to a general hypothesis in a recent paper by Brownlie, in that it shows how a very simple departure from the ideal is enough to reproduce stability phenomena observed in actual n.i.c.s.
Backscattering for circular polarisation
- Author(s): M.W. Long
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 341 –342
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660288
- Type: Article
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p.
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–342
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Equations are given that express scattering for transmitting and receiving circularly polarised waves in terms of the characteristics for linear polarisation. Special cases are discussed, for which it is possible to estimate the radar cross-section for one polarisation based on data for other polarisations. Knowledge of polarisation characteristics is sometimes helpful for acquiring insight into the scattering mechanisms of complex surfaces.
Asymptotic stability and the method of linear bounds
- Author(s): S. Barnett and C. Storey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, page: 343 –343
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660289
- Type: Article
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If ẋ = Ax is asymptotically stable, it is possible to find linear bounds for g(x); so that ẋ = Ax + g(x) is also asymptotically stable. An explicit expression is given for functions which satisfy these bounds.
Very low-frequency measurements of flicker noise in silicon planar transistors
- Author(s): J.C. Martin ; F.X. Mateu-Perez ; F. Serra-Mestres
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 343 –345
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660290
- Type: Article
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–345
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The noise-power spectrum from 0.01 to 10−4 Hz is measured using a progressive bandwidth-measuring method. The 1/f law is verified, and it is found that flicker noise may be represented in the common-emitter configuration by an input current generator iB given in terms of current collector Ie and current gain β by iB2̅ = CΔf/fIe3/2/β2
Direct calculation by analogue computer of sensitivity coefficients of linear and nonlinear systems
- Author(s): Y. Sevely ; C. Durante ; F. Roubellat
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 345 –347
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660291
- Type: Article
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–347
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This letter gives a method which enables a direct analysis of sensitivity to parameter variations of linear or nonlinear systems to be simulated on an analogue computer. Based on the automatic changes ± Δq of a parameter q around a value q0, this method enables the dynamic sensitivity coefficient u(t, q0) to be computed with respect to this parameter by comparison of the disturbed solutions obtained in such a way.
Stability of high-frequency transistor in common-emitter configuration
- Author(s): C.L. Chao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 347 –349
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660292
- Type: Article
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–349
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This letter describes the stability of the common-emitter transistor in terms of the y parameters in the high-frequency range; the graphical representation of the normalised input admittance of the transistor is also shown. This representation is useful and convenient for investigating performance of the input admittance in both design and analysis of circuits. The maximum frequency of potential instability of the common-emitter transistor is established using an approximate high-frequency equivalent circuit of a junction transistor.
Sensitivity improvement of inductorless filters
- Author(s): J. Woodard and R.W. Newcomb
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 349 –350
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660293
- Type: Article
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–350
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Proposed method of measuring group-delay and amplitude characteristics over wide bandwidths
- Author(s): R.E. Fudge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 350 –351
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660294
- Type: Article
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–351
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An improved means of measuring the transfer characteristics of a microwave component is described. The method is applicable to frequencies other than those in the microwave band.
Maximally flat attenuation and delay characteristics
- Author(s): J. Neirynck
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, page: 351 –351
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660295
- Type: Article
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Constant-current source with unusually high internal resistance and good temperature stability
- Author(s): P.J. Baxandall and E.W. Shallow
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 351 –352
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660296
- Type: Article
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–352
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A transistor operating at 1 mA, with 10 kΩ in the emitter lead, gives a collector a.c. output resistance in the region of 10 MΩ. A 2-transistor circuit is described, having an output resistance of approximately 50 MΩ, with much improved temperature stability. A further modification gives an output resistance of about 1000 MΩ, corresponding to an ‘aiming voltage’ of 1 MV.
Coupled-wave equations for propagation in stratified compressible magnetoplasmas
- Author(s): R. Burman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, p. 352 –354
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660297
- Type: Article
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p.
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This letter deals with the propagation of coupled electromagnetic and electroacoustic waves in a magnetised compressible continuously stratified electron plasma. Some first-order coupled-wave equations are derived.
Erratum: High-quality transistorised gyrator
- Author(s): D.F. Sheahan and H.J. Orchard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 9, page: 354 –354
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660298
- Type: Article
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