Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 2, Issue 12, December 1966
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 2, Issue 12
December 1966
Determination of the pockels electro-optic coefficient in ADP at 5.5 GHz
- Author(s): L. Silverstein and M. Sucher
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 437 –438
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660366
- Type: Article
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A method is described for determining the Pockels coefficient r63 of an electro-optic crystal simply by identifying and measuring the peak r.f. power that maximises or minimises the time-average transmitted-light intensity when the crystal is used to intensity-modulate light via the longitudinal electro-optic effect. Results are given for ADP at 5.5 GHz. The effect of modulator-cavity-endplate perforations is discussed.
Indefinite integral of a confluent hypergeometric function
- Author(s): R. Esposito
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 438 –439
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660367
- Type: Article
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This letter deals with the evaluation of the indefinite integral I(m, λ) = ∫ exp (−x)1F1(m, 1, λx). It is shown that the result is a confluent hypergeometric function of two variables.
Equivalent circuits of a transistor mixer
- Author(s): M.A.H. El-Said
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 439 –440
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660368
- Type: Article
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Both resistive and reactive effective parameters of a transistor mixer are expressed in terms of oscillator amplitude and the small-signal quiescent parameters. The frequencies of the three signals in a mixer, being different, give rise to three effective equivalent circuits: one in respect of the intermediate-frequency output, one as presented to the radio-frequency source and one as presented to the oscillator source. The proposed circuits offer a convenient means of mixer-circuit design up to the frequencies at which the small-signal equivalent circuit is applicable.
Field emission from cadmium sulphide
- Author(s): S.A. Husain and D. Walsh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 440 –441
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660369
- Type: Article
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A technique for etching fine field emitters of CdS single crystals has been developed. Relatively high field-emission currents at low voltages are obtained (typically 10−6 A at 2kV). The results, when plotted, agree with the Fowler–Nordheim equation, with deviations at currents above 10−7 A and below 10−9 A. Possible explanations of the deviations are discussed.
Direct digital measurement of audio frequencies
- Author(s): V. Kroupa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 441 –442
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660370
- Type: Article
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A method for direct digital display with high precision of the value of an unknown audio frequency is described. The measuring apparatus consists of a commercial electronic counter and frequency synthetiser and some additional logic circuits. A relative precision of the order of 10−6 may be attained. This method is especially suitable for the measurement of power-system frequency.
Reflex discharge in argon using brush cathodes
- Author(s): J. Allison and B. Chambers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 443 –444
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660371
- Type: Article
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A useful laboratory plasma has been produced with a brush-cathode reflex discharge in argon. Plasma measurements made on the discharge indicate that electron densities of 1011 cm−3 may readily be obtained. The effect of an axial magnetic field on the discharge is also mentioned.
Modified sine-squared pulse-and-bar test waveform for colour television
- Author(s): J.E. Holder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 444 –445
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660372
- Type: Article
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Two versions of a test waveform which provides comprehensive information for testing of circuits and equipment for colour television are described.
System identification with the growing exponential function
- Author(s): G.J. Kirwin and T.A. Bickart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 445 –446
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660373
- Type: Article
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A composite system comprising a linear time-invariant asymptotically stable operator in cascade with a memoryfree nonlinear operator is discussed. The input signal is a growing exponential function. The output signal plotted against the input signal yields a curve of the input/output relation of the nonlinear operator.
Sensitivity of an eigenvalue of a multivariable control system
- Author(s): D.C. Reddy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, page: 446 –446
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660374
- Type: Article
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A formula for the evaluation of the sensitivity function of an eigenvalue is proposed. The result is arrived at by consideration of the problem of sensitivity of an eigenvalue of a linear multivariable time-invariant control system subjected to parameter variations.
Determination of natural modes of distributed networks
- Author(s): J.J. Hupert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 446 –448
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660375
- Type: Article
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The letter illustrates the application of the author's previous work to a distributed network, emphasises the properties of evanescent-mode filters recently described by Craven and gives an example of an application of electromagnetic analogue to the calculation of characteristic frequencies of a quantum-mechanical potential function.
Variable-radix integrated counter
- Author(s): A. Richardson and P.J. Perry
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 448 –449
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660376
- Type: Article
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–449
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The simplicity of a binary-counter circuit previously described has made possible the manufacture of a fully variable divide-by-8 counter as a monolithic silicon integrated circuit. The different count ratios of 2–8 are achieved by the selective interconnection of four leads of the 10-lead package in which the circuit is encapsulated. This letter describes the circuit and explains its operating principle, which is widely applicable in counter–divider systems.
Some aspects of distortion in tunnel-diode amplifiers
- Author(s): B. Easter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 449 –450
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660377
- Type: Article
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449
–450
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The influence of voltage components at zero frequency and harmonic frequencies on the distortion of a nonlinear negative-conductance reflection amplifier is considered. An expression is derived for the third-order distortion of a sinusoidal input in an amplifier with finite circuit impedance at zero frequency and the second-harmonic frequency.
Method of computing peak voltages in a transmission network
- Author(s): J.A.C. Bingham
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, page: 451 –451
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660378
- Type: Article
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451
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A method is given for computing the peak current in, and voltage across, a reactive component in a transmission network, using only computed values of the attenuation and the reflection coefficient.
Sensitive method of testing for periodicity
- Author(s): N.B. Jones
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 451 –452
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660379
- Type: Article
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451
–452
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The letter proposes a method of testing the periodicity of complicated waves. Use is made of a type of Lissajous figure, and the interpretation of these figures is discussed.
Derivation of a tree-enumeration lemma
- Author(s): B.R. Myers and J.W. Lapatra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, page: 452 –452
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660380
- Type: Article
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452
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The letter presents an original proof of a tree-enumeration lemma which gives an explicit relationship between the generating function for planted trees and that for rooted trees.
Design considerations for microwave light modulators
- Author(s): H. Pursey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 452 –453
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660381
- Type: Article
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452
–453
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The effect of a quarter-wave plate on the performance of an electro-optic modulator is considered, and it is shown that, contrary to previous reports, the inclusion of such a plate will reduce the overall sensitivity of the system, unless the detector is capable of responding to the modulating frequency and is followed by a tuned amplifier or synchronous rectifier operating at this frequency.
Simplified method of eliminating the effect of nonlinearities on process crosscorrelations
- Author(s): R.F. Brown and G.C. Goodwin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 453 –454
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660382
- Type: Article
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453
–454
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A modified msequence is proposed to simplify the instrumentation in using the Gardiner method of identifying the linear channel of a nonlinear process. The class of sequence has properties suited to multivariate crosscorrelation.
Solutions of the Laplace equation in an infinite plane by means of a double-layer resistance network
- Author(s): H.-J. Sigg and M.J.O. Strutt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 454 –455
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660383
- Type: Article
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454
–455
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A resistance network analogue is used to solve the Laplace equation in an infinite plane. The network permits various direct measurements, such as the capacity per unit length and the wave impedance of a stripline. The results obtained by this and other methods are compared.
Three-wire-line interdigital filters of Cheby̅shev and elliptic-function characteristic for broad bandwidths
- Author(s): R. Levy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 455 –456
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660384
- Type: Article
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455
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Two new forms of interdigital filters suitable for broadpass bandwidths are presented. Each type of filter is composed of a number of basic 3-wire-line sections in cascade. The Cheby̅shev filter gives superior stopband performance in comparison with the conventional interdigital filter and is synthetised directly from closed formulas. The elliptic filter is also directly derived from a lumped-element prototype and is convenient for printed-circuit applications.
Interpolation on the real-frequency axis
- Author(s): G. Martinelli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 456 –457
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660385
- Type: Article
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456
–457
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Two topics related to the problem of the interpolation on the real-frequency axis are considered. Both the topics concern the particular case in which the prescribed values for the impedance are imaginary.
Demagnetising field and magnetoelastic-wave delay in an axially magnetised y.i.g. rod
- Author(s): D.E. Lacklison and M.F. Lewis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 457 –458
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660386
- Type: Article
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–458
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The determination of the demagnetising field of an axially magnetised yttrium-iron-garnet rod by a magnetoelastic-resonance method is described. It is shown that the measurements also enable the delay of a magnetoelastic wave to be calculated and that agreement with the observed delay is obtained.
Solution of a singular integral equation over a multiple interval and applications to multiple strips, grids and waveguide diaphragms
- Author(s): L. Lewin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 458 –459
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660387
- Type: Article
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Admittance of a slot antenna following r.f. voltage breakdown
- Author(s): M.H. Mentzoni and J. Donohoe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 459 –461
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660388
- Type: Article
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An experiment to determine the input admittance of a slot antenna after r.f. voltage breakdown outside the aperture has occurred is described. It is found that the conductance decreases and the susceptance increases with input-power level.
Low-frequency oscillations in a He–Ne laser
- Author(s): N. Konjević and K.R. Hearne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, page: 461 –461
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660389
- Type: Article
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It is shown that the amplitude of low-frequency oscillations (30–100 kHz) which occur in d.c. He–Ne lasers can be reduced appreciably by applying a localised magnetic field of about 50 Gs in the cathode-fall region.
Hall-effect a.c.-ratio-to-d.c. convertor with forward-path quadrature rejection
- Author(s): I.C. Hutcheon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, page: 462 –462
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660390
- Type: Article
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462
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A.C.-ratio-to-d.c. converters are often required to reject large quadrature input signals. Forward-path rejection is the simplest solution for all-electronic designs and has the incidental advantage of conferring ideal response characteristics.
Sur deux méthodes de mesure de la résistance de base (Analysis of two base-resistance measuring methods)
- Author(s): G. Rey and J.P. Babary
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 462 –464
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660391
- Type: Article
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This letter gives a 2-dimensional analysis of base-resistance-measuring methods based on reverse-voltage-transfer-ratio measurement. Biasing-current influence is fully analysed. An original measuring method for base dynamic resistance rbb is described, making the evaluation of the passive-zone base resistance rb possible.
Algebraic description of bounded real matrixes
- Author(s): B.D.O. Anderson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 464 –465
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660392
- Type: Article
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A description is given in algebraic terms of the constraints imposed on a square matrix of rational functions when the matrix is bounded real.
Radiation from corners in surface-wave lines
- Author(s): A.E. Karbowiak and P.L. Chu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 465 –466
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660393
- Type: Article
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Theory of radiation from corners in surface-wave transmission lines is developed, and a relatively simple analytical expression for the radiation pattern is obtained. This is in good agreement with experimental results for corners involving a change in direction not exceeding approximately 100°.
Solution of the Lyapunov matrix equation
- Author(s): S. Barnett and C. Storey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 466 –467
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660394
- Type: Article
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An estimate is given for the reduction obtained by introducing a skew-symmetric matrix in the number of Operations needed to solve the matrix equation A'L+LA = −C. Also, an iterative scheme is suggested whereby the order of the largest matrix to be inverted can be reduced to 2n−3.
Miniature X band Gunn oscillator with a dielectric-tuning system
- Author(s): F.L. Warner and P. Herman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 467 –468
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660395
- Type: Article
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An X band Gunn oscillator weighing 1¼oz is described. Its dielectric-tuning system can be readily designed to give any required mechanical tuning range up to about 2 GHz, and it can be electronically tuned over about 70 MHz with a low-cost varactor. The theory of the dielectric tuning system is presented.
Stability of p.c.m. characteristic equations
- Author(s): P.C. Parks and M.R. Miller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 468 –469
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660396
- Type: Article
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The stability criteria of an oscillator control system suitable for a network of p.c.m. systems are examined. The system is shown to be stable for a wide range of signal-path delay.
F.E.T.-circuit realisation of the inductance
- Author(s): K.L. Su
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 469 –470
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660397
- Type: Article
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An f.e.t. circuit suitable for realising the inductance is proposed. The circuit is obtained by connecting a source-follower configuration in series with a resistive network utilising one negative resistance. An experimental inductance circuit using three f.e.t.s of the same type is described.
Scattering by infinite cylinders of arbitrary cross-section by the method of finite differences
- Author(s): A.M. Patwari and J.B. Davies
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 470 –471
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660398
- Type: Article
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A new method is presented for computing the scattered field from conducting cylinders of arbitrary geometrical shape using finite differences. Two specific examples of planewave scattering, one by a circular cylinder and the other by a square cylinder, are given. The radar-cross-section calculation in each case converges, and the results are in very good agreement with known values. It takes less than half a minute to compute a single radar cross-section.
Selective network with nonideal gyrator
- Author(s): M. Bialko
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, p. 471 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660399
- Type: Article
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A selective network containing a nonideal gyrator loaded with two capacitors is analysed and optmised.
Erratum: Ring-laser accuracy
- Author(s): A.F.H. Thomson and P.G.R. King
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, page: 472 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660400
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Muscle stimulator controlled by myoelectric signals
- Author(s): M. Pennacchietti ; C. Bistagnino ; A. Artom ; V. Pozzolo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 2, Issue 12, page: 472 –472
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19660401
- Type: Article
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