Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 19, Issue 9, 28 April 1983
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Volume 19, Issue 9
28 April 1983
Derivation of fundamental-mode electric field and modal properties of single-mode fibres from variable-aperture launch method
- Author(s): F. Alard and P. Sansonetti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 313 –314
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830216
- Type: Article
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We report a simple derivation of the electric field and modal properties of the fundamental mode of single-mode fibres only from the results of the variable-aperture launch method performed on the fibre.
Simplified calibration equations for computer-corrected network analyser using matched-impedance normalisation
- Author(s): O. Tenen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 314 –316
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830217
- Type: Article
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Explicit expressions are presented for a bidirectional computer-corrected network analyser using matched-impedance normalisation. It is shown that this procedure simplifies the equations and considerably reduces the number of error terms possible in measurements with network analysers. In addition errors due to source switching, if they do arise, can be rigorously accounted for. However, this requires an extended calibration procedure with a two-port network standard.
Optoelectronically pulsed slot-line antennas
- Author(s): R. Heidemann ; TH. Pfeiffer ; D. Jäger
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 316 –317
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830218
- Type: Article
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Short electromagnetic pulses of high power are generated via an optoelectronic switch. By means of an integrated set-up it is demonstrated that these pulses can be directly used to drive a broadband slot-line antenna. In this way, radiation of high-power microwave pulses is achieved.
Segmented-core single-mode fibres with low loss and low dispersion
- Author(s): V.A. Bhagavatula ; M.S. Spotz ; W.F. Love ; D.B. Keck
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 317 –318
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830219
- Type: Article
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Single-mode-fibre designs with segmented core for achieving simultaneously low loss and dispersion are described. Results showing dispersion flattening of ± 1.5 ps/km nm over a 280 nm range are presented. Such dispersion flattening is achieved while maintaining spot sizes of 4–5 μm, which compare favourably with those for earlier designs without dispersion flattening.
Simple power spectrum of microbendings in single-mode fibres
- Author(s): P. Danielsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 318 –320
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830220
- Type: Article
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A simple model is set up yielding the power spectrum of the microbendings in single-mode optical fibres. The model rests on an assumption of random short curvatures of the fibre axis. Employing the effective spot size instead of the RMS spot size we achieved good agreement with experimental data.
Total radiant power measurement of laser diode by a calorimetric method
- Author(s): T. Inoue and K. Yamamura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 320 –321
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830221
- Type: Article
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A calorimetric measurement method for the absolute value of total radiant power from a laser diode is described. The radiant power is measured from the difference between input DC power to the laser diode and its heat loss by a calorimeter. The method is also useful for an ordinary semiconductor light source.
Loss reduction in curved dielectric optical slab waveguide
- Author(s): M. Geshiro and S. Sawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 321 –323
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830222
- Type: Article
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Formulas of the pure bending loss and the transition loss valid for TM modes in dielectric optical slab waveguides are presented. The characteristic of the total transmission loss of a step-index slab waveguide containing a circular bend having an asymmetric waveguide structure are analysed numerically by applying derived loss formulas. It is found that the features of the total transmission loss of TM modes are closely analogous to those of TE modes except for small discrepancies in the numerical values.
Runlength-limited code with small error propagation
- Author(s): K.A. Schouhamer Immink
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 323 –324
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830223
- Type: Article
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We present a new runlength-limited modulation technique based on the variable-length encoding principle. The code achieves minimum and maximum runlengths Tmin = 1.5 and Tmax = 4.5, respectively. Decoding is very simple and only needs an observation field of six channel bits. The new code is compared with other codes achieving Tmin = 1.5.
Efficient positive coefficient algorithm for image processing
- Author(s): Yong Ching Lim ; A.H. Kayran ; S.R. Parker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 324 –325
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830224
- Type: Article
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An efficient method for converting a 2-D signed coefficient value FIR filter into a positive coefficient value filter while preserving its original frequency and phase responses is presented. This technique significantly improves the efficiency of an image processor.
Suppression of intensity fluctuation of a longitudinal mode in directly modulated GaInAsP/InP dynamic single-mode laser
- Author(s): F. Koyama ; T. Tanbun-Ek ; S. Arai ; S. Wang ; Y. Suematsu ; K. Furuya
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 325 –327
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830225
- Type: Article
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The intensity fluctuation of a longitudinal mode in a modulated dynamic single-mode laser consisting of a 1.6 μm GaInAsP/InP buried-heterostructure laser with butt-jointed built-in distributed-Bragg-reflector (BH-BJB-DBR) was suppressed to 30 dB less than that of a conventional laser. The possibility of wideband single-mode-fibre communications in the 1.5–1.6 μm wavelength region without degradation of the bandwidth caused by mode partition noise is suggested.
Integral packaging for millimetre-wave GaAs IMPATT diodes prepared by molecular beam epitaxy
- Author(s): B. Bayraktaroglu and H.D. Shih
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 327 –329
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830226
- Type: Article
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A novel ‘integrating packaging’ technique was developed to package high-frequency, double-drift GaAs diodes fabricated from wafers prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). All devices were tested in microstrip resonator circuits. CW and pulse oscillations up to 109 GHz were obtained.
Effects of choke-load position on radiation properties in double-choked small horn antennas
- Author(s): K. Miyata and M. Suzuki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 329 –330
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830227
- Type: Article
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Results of experiments conducted for the purpose of investigating the effects of the choke position on the beam circularity and the crosspolarisation properties in double-choked small horn antennas are presented. It is shown that the value of the maximum crosspolarisation can be suppressed below −37 dB by properly displacing the choke position from the circular waveguide aperture.
Stable tantalum silicide Schottky barrier on n-type gallium arsenide evaluated at elevated temperatures
- Author(s): W.F. Tseng and A. Christou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 330 –332
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830228
- Type: Article
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The high-temperature stability of sputtered tantalum silicide contacts on gallium arsenide has been evaluated. Diodes consisting of Ta silicide on epitaxial n (1.9 × 1017 cm−3; 0.23 μm/n+ GaAs substrate were annealed at temperatures from 375°C to 800°C. Result show that the ideality factor, barrier height and reverse breakdown voltage remain stable at value of 1.1, 0.79 V and 9 V, respectively. MESFETs with Ta silicide gates exhibited similar drain current/voltage characteristics as conventional Cr/Au gate devices.
2-bit 1-Gsample/s electro-optic guided-wave analogue-to-digital convertor system
- Author(s): R.A. Becker ; C.E. Woodward ; F.J. Leonberger
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 332 –333
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830229
- Type: Article
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p.
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–333
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An electro-optic analogue-to-digital convertor system has been demonstrated at 1 Gsample/s. This system has been tested with low-frequency waveforms and by means of a beat-frequency technique with a 499 MHz test signal. Digital outputs are slowed in time and then fed into 125 MHz digital-toanalogue convertors which accurately reconstruct the beat signal, proving the compatibility of electra-optic signal processing with digital circuits.
System matrices of wave-digital filter related by similarity transformations
- Author(s): E.C. Tan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 333 –335
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830230
- Type: Article
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The eigenvalues of a wave-digital filter (WDF) can be computed from two different forms of system matrices which are related by similarity transformations.
Einstein relations for gain-guided semiconductor lasers
- Author(s): W. Elsäber and E.O. Göbel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 335 –336
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830231
- Type: Article
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The Einstein equations which relate the transition rates for stimulated emission, spontaneous emission and stimulated absorption in a laser active medium are re-examined for the special case of a semiconductor laser with complex wave-guiding. It is shown that, owing to the nonorthogonality of the gain-guided laser modes, the Einstein relations have to be modified. In particular, the spontaneous emission rate per laser mode no longer equals the stimulated emission rate per laser photon.
Very low threshold GaInAsP/InP double-heterostructure lasers grown by LP MOCVD
- Author(s): M. Razeghi ; S. Hersee ; P. Hirtz ; R. Blondeau ; B. de Cremoux ; J.P. Duchemin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 336 –337
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830232
- Type: Article
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–337
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Room-temperature GaInAsP/InP DH lasers emitting at 1.3 μm and having very low threshold current densities have been grown by LP MOCVD. Thresholds were lower than the best values reported for comparable devices grown by LPE, the lowest threshold being 430 A/cm2 for a cavity length of 950 μm (width 150 μm) with an active-layer thickness of d = 2200 A.
New mechanism for bistable operation of closely coupled twin stripe lasers
- Author(s): I.H. White and J.E. Carroll
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 337 –339
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830233
- Type: Article
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Evidence for a novel mechanism causing bistable operation of closely coupled twin stripe lasers is reported. Current switched bistable operation has been demonstrated stably at room temperature, through the light beam being switched from a central mode to one where the optical filament crosses diagonally from under one laser stripe to the other.
Comment: Eigenvalue sensitivity method for optimal stabilisation of linear systems
- Author(s): K.A.G. Rao
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, page: 339 –339
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830234
- Type: Article
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Reply: Eigenvalue sensitivity method for optimal stabilisation of linear systems
- Author(s): G. Rau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 339 –340
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830235
- Type: Article
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Overcoming the effects of spurious pulses on wired-or lines in computer bus systems
- Author(s): D.M. Taub
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 340 –341
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830236
- Type: Article
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Spurious pulses can be generated on wired-OR computer bus lines under certain conditions. The letter explains how they are caused and presents two methods for overcoming their effects. The first relies on timing within the devices connected to the bus; the second, thought to be preferable, involves forming the line into a loop and arranging for each device to sense the signal at two points along it.
Demonstration of multilevel multichannel optical frequency shift keying (FSK) with cleaved-coupled-cavity (C3) semiconductor lasers
- Author(s): W.T. Tsang ; N.A. Olsson ; R.A. Logan ; R.A. Linke
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 341 –343
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830237
- Type: Article
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We report the first demonstration of multilevel multichannel (4-level, 2-channel) optical frequency shift keying (FSK) using a newly developed cleaved-coupled-cavity (C3) GaInAsP semiconductor laser operating at ~1.3 μm. This is made possible because of the very large frequency tuning rate (~10 A/mA) and frequency tuning range (~150 A) achievable with these new lasers. In addition, such a laser is also shown to operate in a highly stable single-longitudinal mode even under high-speed direct frequency modulation.
Simple model order reduction by truncation with performance verification by fast digital simulation
- Author(s): A.S. Morris
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 343 –344
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830238
- Type: Article
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The availability of fast interactive digital simulation to test the accuracy of low-order models has greatly increased the viability of trying simple truncation methods of model order reduction. The truncation technique is successfully applied in reducing a tenth-order analytical model of an electrode position controller to third-order.
New syndrome decoder for (n,1) convolutional codes
- Author(s): I.S. Reed and T.K. Truong
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 344 –346
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830239
- Type: Article
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The letter presents a new syndrome decoding algorithm for the (n,1) convolutional codes (CC) that is different and simpler than the previous syndrome decoding algorithm of Schalkwijk and Vinck. The new technique uses the general solution of the polynomial linear Diophantine equation for the error polynomial vector E(D). A recursive, Viterbi-like, algorithm is developed to find the minimum weight error vector E(D). An example is given for the binary non-systematic (2,1) CC.
Efficient algorithm for common spanning tree problem
- Author(s): S.R. Schach
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 346 –347
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830240
- Type: Article
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Enumerating the spanning trees common to a pair of graphs is a problem which arises in symbolic circuit analysis. The algorithm presented here is between 350% and 26000% faster than the best algorithm previously published, and hence the computer analysis of circuits of a reasonable size is now feasible.
6-bit 25 MHz NMOS parallel A/D convertor
- Author(s): H.L. Fielder and G. Zimmer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 348 –349
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830241
- Type: Article
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A standard silicon gate NMOS enhancement/deplection process with 4 μm minimum channel length has been applied in the design of a 6-bit parallel A/D converter. The chip features a conversion rate of 25 MHz (MSPS), 8.5 MHz analogue input signal bandwidth and small chip size of 4.9 mm2.
Translinear logic—a new technique in bipolar technology
- Author(s): A.J. Kemp
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 349 –350
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830242
- Type: Article
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Translinear logic (TLL) is based on a new gate structure which can be realised in a standard bipolar technology. Initial results from a conservative (10 μm) process indicate a packing density of 40 gates/mm2 and a minimum gate delay of 3 ns. Compared to integrated Schottky logic (ISL) made with the same process, TLL has a similar packing density but is four times faster.
s-z transformations for digital filters
- Author(s): R. Ishii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 350 –352
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830243
- Type: Article
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The letter investigates bilinear transformations from the z-domain to the s-domain. Further, other s-z transformations which are used for designs of many kinds of filter are studied.
New method for producing and mounting barretter elements for power measurement in waveguides
- Author(s): L.D. Hill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 352 –354
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830244
- Type: Article
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The manufacture of high-efficiency barretters for millimetre-wave frequencies is difficult because of the small dimensions involved. The letter describes a barretter element employing Wollaston wire and constructed on a thin mica substrate which at 35 GHz gives a good performance in terms of efficiency, sensitivity and stability. The technique is applicable at least up to W-band and is ths subject of a provisional patent application.
Direct- and image-frequency transfer functions of time-variant switched-capacitor networks
- Author(s): P. Lutz and H. Weinrichter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, p. 354 –355
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830245
- Type: Article
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Periodic time-variant SC networks are properly defined and characterised by direct- and image-frequency response functions. A simple method for the calculation of these functions is presented.
Erratum: Attenuation measurements on single pieces of fibre and extrapolation over longer distances
- Author(s): G. Cancellieri
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 19, Issue 9, page: 355 –355
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19830246
- Type: Article
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