Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 17, Issue 1, 8 January 1981
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Volume 17, Issue 1
8 January 1981
Reduction of symbolic sparse matrices
- Author(s): S. Verdu and J. Herranz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 1 –2
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810001
- Type: Article
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A new general method is derived for reduction of linear systems of equations with symbolic polynomial coefficients suitable for using sparse matrix techniques. Its implementation in a program for symbolic analysis of circuits offers significant advantages over the existing reduction method.
Long wavelength performance of SiO2/GeO2/P2O5 core fibres with different P2O5 levels
- Author(s): J. Irven
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 2 –3
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810002
- Type: Article
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The attenuation performance of SiO2/GeO2/P2O5 core graded index multimode fibres at 1.6 μm has been studied in relation to changing P2O5 concentrations. Loss is related to both P2O5 doping and OH contamination levels, and reduction of both has led to a minimum fibre attenuation of 0.23 dB/km at 1.62 μm.
Long wavelength performance of optical fibres co-doped with fluorine
- Author(s): J. Irven ; A.P. Harrison ; C.R. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 3 –5
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810003
- Type: Article
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Glasses in the SiO2/GeO2/F/P2O5 system have been investigated as materials for core and cladding of multimode and single-mode fibres, and the possibility of using F-doping whilst achieving low attenuation in the 1- 1.8 μm region established. Minimum values of 0.28 dB km and 0.23 dB km have been observed in single-mode and multimode fibres, respectively.
New method for maximum power consideration in solar cells with and without resistive losses
- Author(s): K.K. Govil and K.K. Aggarwal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 5 –6
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810004
- Type: Article
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A new and easy method for maximum power consideration in solar cells has been developed. The general condition for maximum power dP = (∂P/∂I) dI + (∂P/∂V) dV = 0 has been used to obtain the required results. Solar cells both with and without losses have been considered.
Refractive index data from GaxIn1−xAsyP1−y films
- Author(s): P. Chandra ; L.A. Coldren ; K.E. Strege
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 6 –7
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810005
- Type: Article
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We have measured the refractive index versus wavelength of several compositions of GaInAsP grown by vapour phase epitaxy on InP. The self-consistent data show reasonable agreement with existing theories for wavelengths larger than the absorption edge. However, at and below the band edge, detail is measured that is not predicted by the simple theories.
Extinction cross-section measurements on single falling water drops at 100 GHz
- Author(s): D.J. Harris and T.M. Teo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 7 –8
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810006
- Type: Article
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An open resonator with 100 GHz source is used to determine the extinction cross-section of water drops falling freely through the atmosphere. Results show a very close agreement with the theoretical values computed using classical Mie scattering theory and values of complex refractive index from an empirical model.
Asymptotic eigenvalues of vector wave equation for guided modes in graded-index fibre
- Author(s): H. Ikuno
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 8 –9
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810007
- Type: Article
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Asymptotic eigenvalues of the vector wave equation—a system of coupled second-order differential equations—are calculated by the perturbation method in which we use the exact solutions of the scalar wave equation as the unperturbed term. We examine a graded-index fibre with a polynomial profile core and obtain the propagation constants of the vector modes in analytic form. The results coincide with those found by a sophisticated method.
Cutoff frequencies of W-type fibre with polynomial profile core
- Author(s): A. Yata and H. Ikuno
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 9 –11
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810008
- Type: Article
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Cutoff frequencies of the guided modes in a graded-index fibre with a finitely thick cladding are calculated by a refined WKB method. The results are in good agreement with the exact ones for the parabolic core fibre. The effect of the fourth order correction to the parabolic core fibre on the cutoff frequency is evaluated.
Lithium tetraborate: a new temperature-compensated SAW substrate material
- Author(s): R.W. Whatmore ; N.M. Shorrocks ; C. O'hara ; F.W. Ainger ; I.M. Young
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 11 –12
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810009
- Type: Article
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The results of calculations and measurements on the SAW properties of a new piezoelectric material, lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7), are reported. A new temperature-compensated SAW device orientation has been located with a SAW velocity of 3510 ms−1 and a SAW coupling factor of 1.2×10−2. The properties of this cut are compared with those of several other SAW substrates.
1.5 μm region InP/GaInAsP buried heterostructure lasers on semi-insulating substrates
- Author(s): T. Matsuoka ; K. Takahei ; Y. Noguchi ; H. Nagai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 12 –14
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810010
- Type: Article
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InP/GaInAsP buried heterostructure (BH) lasers for the 1.5 μm region have been fabricated on semi-insulating InP substrates. The threshold current of the lasers is as low as 38 mA under CW operation at 25°C, which is nearly the same as for BH lasers fabricated on n-type InP substrates.
Optical mode conversion using chirped gratings
- Author(s): P.S. Chung and M.G.F. Wilson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 14 –15
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810011
- Type: Article
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A design is presented for a 3 dB TE0-TE1 optical waveguide mode convertor using a chirped grating. Devices were fabricated in Ti in-diffused lithium niobate by ion beam etching the grating pattern into the waveguide surface. TE0-TE1 mode coupling was observed experimentally with an insertion loss of 1.5 dB.
Self-Q-switched picosecond optical pulse generation with tandem-type AlGaAs TJS laser
- Author(s): H. Ito ; N. Onodera ; K. Gen-Ei ; H. Inaba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 15 –17
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810012
- Type: Article
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Experimental results are presented for ultrashort optical pulse generation by an AlGaAs tandem-type laser with transverse junction stripe structure. The shortest optical pulse width of 14 ps was observed by an ultrafast streak camera, while typical pulse widths were about 20 ps. Further shorter pulses may be expected with this type of semiconductor laser by adequate control of the saturable absorber region.
Comments on ‘Cutoff frequencies of vector wave modes in cladded inhomogeneous optical fibre’
- Author(s): M. Hashimoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, page: 17 –17
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810013
- Type: Article
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Comments are made on a previous letter of the author's, which is compared with a more advanced technique described by Kokubun and Iga.
InGaAsP/InP separated multiclad layer stripe geometry lasers emitting at 1.5 μm
- Author(s): H. Imai ; H. Ishikawa ; T. Tanahashi ; M. Takusagawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 17 –19
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810014
- Type: Article
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InGaAsP/InP separated multiclad layer stripe geometry lasers emitting at 1.5 μm are reported. The CW threshold current at 25°C is only 82 mA and the maximum temperature where CW lasing is obtained is 65°C. The characteristic temperature of the pulsed threshold current is 60 K. The transverse mode is fundamental and the longitudinal mode is single up to 1.5 times the threshold under CW operation. A few samples operated for over 1000 h at 50°C under constant optical power operation of 5 mW/facet.
Observer design for differential difference systems
- Author(s): R.K. Chhotaray and A.K. Mohanty
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 19 –20
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810015
- Type: Article
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Sufficient conditions for a full order observer design for deterministic linear time-invariant differential difference systems is suggested. The observer parameters are constrained so that its coefficient matrices corresponding to delayed and nondelayed states commute. Then, a desired degree of stability for the observer can be achieved.
Variability of atmospheric noise temperature in 11–14 GHz band due to water vapour and clouds
- Author(s): G. Brussaard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 20 –22
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810016
- Type: Article
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Variability of sky noise temperature in the 11–14 GHz band has been analysed using the results of radiometric observations carried out by the European Space Agency at twelve different locations for a number of years. Annual and worst-month values of sky noise temperature are presented to provide information on the variations in background noise observed by satellite earth stations.
Effect of raindrop shape on crosspolarisation/attenuation relationships
- Author(s): B.G. Evans ; S.A.J. Upton ; A.R. Holt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 22 –24
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810017
- Type: Article
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It is found that raindrop eccentricity and water temperature have a pronounced effect on crosspolarisation XPD and attenuation CAP, respectively. This has implications on the use of XPD/CPA relationships for radio link planning.
Sensitivities of impedance scaled SC filters
- Author(s): P. Lutz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 24 –25
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810018
- Type: Article
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A crucial effect of frequency dependent scaling of impedances on the frequency response is discussed. The essential point is illustrated by means of a simple RC lowpass simulation.
Spectral density of amplitude scintillations on a 55 GHz line of sight link
- Author(s): F.C. Medeiros Filho ; D.A.R. Jayasuriya ; R.S. Cole
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 25 –26
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810019
- Type: Article
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Scintillation measurements made on a 55 GHz millimetre wave link along a 4.1 km path across Central London are described. Observations are reported which can be explained by the theoretical work of Ott and Thompson for amplitude scintillations in an absorption region.
Some arithmetically symmetrical bandpass filters
- Author(s): P. Varanasi and S.C. Dutta Roy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 26 –28
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810020
- Type: Article
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A combination of the conventional and Matthaei lowpass-bandpass transformations is shown to result in some bandpass filters with very good arithmetic symmetry.
Digital frequency subtractor and/or adder based on hybrid PLL
- Author(s): Perisic M. Djurdje
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 28 –29
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810021
- Type: Article
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A digital frequency subtractor or adder based on a hybrid PLL generates an output having an average frequency of the difference and/or sum between two or more input signals.
Duration of rain-induced fades of signal from Sirio at 11.6 GHz
- Author(s): E. Matricciani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 29 –30
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810022
- Type: Article
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Propagation data for significant rain events at 11.6 GHz from satellite Sirio, sampled at 0.1 s and averaged over 1 s, are processed to obtain statistics of fade durations. Two ways of defining the random process of fade duration are stressed and their statistics are given.
Simple switched-capacitor decimation circuit
- Author(s): D. von Grünigen ; U.W. Brugger ; G.S. Moschytz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 30 –31
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810023
- Type: Article
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A simple SC decimation circuit is presented that simplifies the requirements for the preceding continuous-time antialiasing filter and permits the sampling frequency of the following SC filter to be reduced considerably. A practical example is given.
Noise characteristics of semiconductor laser amplifiers
- Author(s): T. Mukai and Y. Yamamoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 31 –33
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810024
- Type: Article
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Noise characteristics of Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity type AlGaAs laser amplifiers are studied theoretically and experimentally. Noise power dependencies on pumping rate and input signal level are measured. Multimode rate equations with McCumber's fluctuation operator are solved for the parabolic band and the exponential bandtail models, both with the no k-selection rule. Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Improved accuracy in calculating the characteristic polynomial
- Author(s): P.P.J. van den Bosch and L.A.M. Kuijk
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 33 –34
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810025
- Type: Article
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In calculating the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of a square matrix A, the algorithm due to Leverrier is often used. However, due to numerical errors, this algorithm is not reliable when the dimension of A increases. A modification of this algorithm which increases the accuracy of the algorithm considerably will be proposed.
Modified lin's empirical formula for calculating rain attenuation on a terrestrial path
- Author(s): J.A. Garcia-Lopez and V. Casares-Giner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 34 –36
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810026
- Type: Article
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The empirical Lin's method for calculating rain attenuation on microwave paths is applicable to 5 min point rain rate distributions. A modified Lin's formula for 1 min point rain rate distributions is presented and results for various European locations, path lengths and frequencies are shown.
Extremely high electron mobilities in modulation-doped GaAs-AlxGa1−xAs heterojunction superlattices
- Author(s): W.I. Wang ; C.E.C. Wood ; L.F. Eastman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 36 –37
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810027
- Type: Article
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GaAs-AlxGa1−xAs modulation doped multilayer structures with 77 K electron mobilities up to 80 300 cm2V−1s−1 at a carrier concentration of 6×1016 cm−3 have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Such high mobilities should make the performance of GaAs integrated logic circuits at liquid nitrogen temperature comparable to that of superconducting Josephson junctions.
Effect of vacuum annealing cleaning on electrical characteristics of GaAs1−xPx-Mo Schottky diodes
- Author(s): E. Calleja and J. Piqueras
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 37 –39
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810028
- Type: Article
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A vacuum annealing procedure for surface cleaning prior to barrier metal evaporation is proposed. The reported method is suitable for III-V compounds and has been checked for GaAs1−xPx-Mo Schottky diodes. Electrical characteristics of the junctions seem to be best at around 550°C, but for higher temperatures the electrical characteristics degenerate, indicating the incorporation of a surface layer with a high density of defects.
Discrimination of pulsed and CW signals using SAW power cepstrum analysis
- Author(s): M.A. Jack ; D. Mckee ; A.D. Milne ; M. Warden
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 39 –40
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810029
- Type: Article
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The application of a surface acoustic wave power cepstrum analyser to the problem of automatic discrimination of pulsed and CW interference signals is discussed. The SAW processor can analyse signals of duration up to 25 μs and bandwidth 6 MHz and with suitable frame-to-frame tagging of the processor output it is possible to discriminate responses due to CW interference yielding an unambiguous record of the input pulse.
Theory of switching in polysilicon-n-p+ silicon structures
- Author(s): K. Board and M. Darwish
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 41 –42
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810030
- Type: Article
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A simple theory is proposed for observed switching in polysilicon-n-p+ devices using a single grain for the polysilicon layer. The switching mechanism is similar to that in the tunnel oxide device but differs in that the conduction mechanism in the polysilicon is by thermionic emission rather than tunnelling. Alternative implementations are suggested using ion implantation, or molecular beam epitaxial gallium arsenide.
Broad bandwidth concave transducer for scanning acoustic microscope
- Author(s): J. Kushibiki ; T. Sannomiya ; N. Chubachi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 42 –44
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810031
- Type: Article
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To broaden the bandwidth of ZnO-film/Au-substrate concave transducers in composite resonating mode operation, a quarter-wavelength matching layer is introduced between the concaved Au-substrate surface and the water. By using a SiO2 film as the matching layer, a new ZnO-film concave transducer with a sufficiently broad bandwidth for use in an acoustic microscope is demonstrated at 150 MHz.
Stabilised FET oscillator with input dielectric resonator: large signal design
- Author(s): A. Podcameni and L.A. Bermudez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 44 –45
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810032
- Type: Article
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A simple method for stabilising the FET oscillator with a dielectric resonator at the input circuit is discussed. Large signal conditions and output power analysis are presented. As a practical result, an X-band medium power oscillator is obtained.
Multilevel double error correcting codes
- Author(s): V.C. Da Rocha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 45 –46
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810033
- Type: Article
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A class of pseudocyclic multilevel double error correcting codes is described, and examples of 5-level and 7-level codes are given. These codes are maximum distance separable and share the mathematical structure of cyclic codes.
Approximate determination of effective radius and effective dielectric constant of microstrip disc resonators
- Author(s): J. Helszajn and R.W. Lyon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 46 –48
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810034
- Type: Article
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An approximate model for a planar resonator is described which can be used to calculate the resonant frequency, with the help of only a desk calculator.
New moving target simulators for Doppler radar
- Author(s): M.J. Lazarus ; F.R. Pantoja ; M.G. Somekh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 48 –49
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810035
- Type: Article
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Two new methods of providing equivalent Doppler frequency shift of reflected microwave signals have been developed. One is a mechanical spiral ‘barber's pole’ type of device. The other produces a single upper or lower sideband by purely electronic modulation techniques.
Threshold voltage of a narrow-width MOSFET
- Author(s): L.A. Akers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 49 –51
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810036
- Type: Article
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A simple closed-form analytical expression of the threshold voltage for a narrow-width MOSFET is developed. The narrow-width model gives a threshold voltage expression as a function of gate oxide thickness, channel doping concentration, backgate bias and channel width. The theory is compared with experimental results and the agreement is close.
Schottky-barrier coupled Schottky-barrier gate GaAs FET logic
- Author(s): N. Hashizume ; H. Yamada ; K. Tomizawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 51 –52
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810037
- Type: Article
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First accounts of the experimental details of Schottky-barrier gate GaAs FET logic circuits that use a Schottky barrier for interstage level shifting are described. Tpd and power consumption of an inverter in an 11-stage ring oscillator showed 120 ps and 12 mW, respectively, with FET gate dimensions of 3×50 μm2.
Synthesis of surface reactances using grounded pin bed structure
- Author(s): R.J. King and K.S. Park
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 52 –53
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810038
- Type: Article
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A thin grounded uniaxial anisotropic slab capable of guiding electromagnetic surface waves was built and its surface reactance was measured at 4.8 GHz for the lowest order TM mode. The structure consists of a lattice of closely spaced thin conducting cylinders embedded in a dielectric with their axes normal to a conducting plane. The theories of propagation in anisotropic media and of artificial dielectrics are used to design the structure and explain its properties.
Optimum optical pulse width for high bandwidth single-mode fibre transmission
- Author(s): C. Lin and D. Marcuse
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 54 –55
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810039
- Type: Article
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We show that in single-mode fibre transmission the width of the output optical pulse assumes a minimum as a function of input optical pulse width. Therefore there exists an optimal input pulse width depending on the fibre length, the operating wavelength and the spectral width. The optimal input pulse width is proportional to the cubic root of fibre length. for purely monochromatic light sources operating at the dispersion minimum, in which case the optimal input pulse width is proportional to the cubic root of fibre length.
Deep level spectroscopy in InP:Fe
- Author(s): G. Bremond ; A. Nouailhat ; G. Guillot ; B. Cockayne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 1, p. 55 –56
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810040
- Type: Article
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The characteristics of a single electron trap related to the iron deep level acceptor have been determined for the first time by DLTS techniques in indium phosphide. An activation energy of 0.63 eV and a capture cross-section of 3.5×10−14 cm2 have been measured. The presence of this trap in nominally undoped samples shows that iron can be an important residual impurity in InP.
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