Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 17, Issue 18, 3 September 1981
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Volume 17, Issue 18
3 September 1981
Measurement and modelling of the probability density function of amplitude scintillations on an X-band satellite down-link
- Author(s): T.J. Moulsley ; J. Haddon ; P. Lo ; E. Vilar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 625 –626
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810438
- Type: Article
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The experimentally determined probabiliiy density function of the amplitude scintillations on an X-band satellite down-link is shown to depart significantly from the log-normal distribution for scintillations with amplitudes greater than ±0.15 dB, which occur on average for less than 5% of the time. This departure is explained in terms of a Gaussian process with a variable standard deviation, and the impact and use of this model is discussed.
Generation of harmonic distortion at fibre connectors
- Author(s): H. Kuwahara and M. Goto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 626 –627
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810439
- Type: Article
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Harmonic distortion generated by the Fabry-Perot resonator at fibre connectors is described. The maximum second-harmonic distortion is calculated as a function of end separation for GaAlAs lasers. A −42 dB second-harmonic distortion is generated in 100 μm end separation, which is harmful in analogue transmission systems.
Improved performance of 4K SRAM by means of CW laser annealing
- Author(s): T.C. Teng ; Y. Shiau ; S. de Ornellas ; J. Readdie ; E. Wong ; G. Chang ; S. Ko ; C. Skinner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 627 –628
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810440
- Type: Article
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A 4K × 1 NMOS static RAM (MM2147) has been successfully fabricated by means of CW laser annealing. The access time was reduced by 10 ns compared with a thermally annealed control with no increase in power dissipation. This report demonstrates the feasibiligy of using CW laser annealing as a potential VLSI process technology.
Predictive identification and control applied to zone melting process
- Author(s): C. Wiss
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 629 –630
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810441
- Type: Article
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Using a practical example, we adapt, in real time, a predictive identification and control method to a system (zone melting process) on which no a priori information is necessary; furthermore, the system is nonstationary. A prediction method based on the particular system response shapes to a control step is developed.
Remote optical measurement of temperature using luminescent materials
- Author(s): J.S. McCormack
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 630 –631
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810442
- Type: Article
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A novel method of temperature measurement using optical fibres and luminescent materials is demonstrated. The delay time of an excited state in an inorganic material is shown to vary with temperature, and this is readily measured via the phase-shift technique.
Parameter estimation of an SSR amplitude comparison monopulse extractor
- Author(s): G. Jacovitti
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 632 –633
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810443
- Type: Article
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The letter summarises the results of an investigation on the monopulse receiver used in the ADSEL (selectively addressed secondary radar system). The results are the bias and the variance of the error as a function of the off-boresight angle and of the channels' mismatching.
Experimental millimetric array using dielectric radiators fed by means of dielectric waveguide
- Author(s): M.T. Birand and R.V. Gelsthorpe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 633 –635
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810444
- Type: Article
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A millimetric array is described which employs dielectric radiating elements excited by means of a dielectric waveguide. The design of the array is developed using the method of effective dielectric constants and a simple array theory. Measurements performed on a nonresonant prototype demonstrate its feasibility and its potential for frequency-scanning applications.
Efficient p-type Si IMPATT diodes for V-band frequencies
- Author(s): D. Leistner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 635 –636
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810445
- Type: Article
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p-type single-drift IMPATT diodes for V-band frequencies were fabricated by a single diffusion process. The diodes were packaged on a copper heatsink using quartz standoffs and investigated in a resonant cap waveguide structure. The maximum CW output power is 0.5 at 68 GHz with an efficiency of 8.7%
Continuous model for gate-induced charge in short-channel MOSFETs
- Author(s): F. Runovc
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 636 –638
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810446
- Type: Article
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The threshold voltage in a short-channel MOS transistor is a sensitive function of the effective channel length, substrate bias and the channel impurity profile. A continuous model is developed in this letter to obtain a simple analytical expression for the above described sensitivities suitable for CAD program implementation. The calculated values for the threshold voltage are compared with the measurements on MOSFETs with effective channel lengths between 9.7 μm and 1.2 μm.
Novel floating inductance using current conveyors
- Author(s): K. Pal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, page: 638 –638
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810447
- Type: Article
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The letter presents a new ideal floating inductance using second generation current conveyors (CCIIs). The novel feature of this scheme is its realisation with all grounded passive components.
Fringe pattern around surface crack observed with scanning acoustic microscope
- Author(s): K. Yamanaka and Y. Enomoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 638 –640
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810448
- Type: Article
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A surface crack of MgO single crystal was observed with a scanning acoustic microscope and a fringe pattern was found around the cracking line. A model was proposed in which a leaky Rayleigh wave reflected by the crack plays an essential role in the formation of the fringe pattern.
High-voltage buried-channel MOS fabricated by oxygen implantation into silicon
- Author(s): M. Akiya ; K. Ohwada ; S. Nakashima
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 640 –641
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810449
- Type: Article
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A high-voltage offset-gate buried-channel MOS made on a SOS-like substrate is described. An isolation layer is formed by an oxygen implantation process called SIMOX. A 410 V buried SiO2 breakdown voltage and a 180 V drain breakdown voltage are obtained.
New inverting integrator with imp1roved high-frequency response
- Author(s): M.V. Popovich and O. Katic
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 641 –642
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810450
- Type: Article
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A new active compensated inverting integrator is presented. The proposed integrator has a variable phase shift which is controlled by a resistor. This can be conveniently used in active filters to compensate for the excess phase shift of the operational amplifiers.
1.5 μm room-temperature pulsed operation of GaInAsP/InP double heterostructure grown by LP MOCVD
- Author(s): M. Razeghi ; P. Hirtz ; J.P. Larivain ; R. Blondeau ; B. de Cremoux ; J.P. Duchemin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 643 –644
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810451
- Type: Article
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The letter reports the first successful room-temperature pulsed operation of a broad-area contact laser of GaInAsP/InP double heterostructure, grown by LP MOCVD, emitting at 1.5 μm. Pulsed thresholds as low as 2.5 kA/cm2 have been obtained for 1.5 μm, for an active layer thickness of 0.48 μm. This is equal to a current density per micrometre of 5.2 kA cm−2 μm−1. InxGa1−xAsyP1−y, III, III, V, V alloys are of great interest for use in infra-red devices. They can be grown lattice matched on InP over a wide range of compositions. The resulting bandgap (1.35–0.75 eV) covers a spectral range which contains the region of lowest losses and lowest dispersion in modern optical fibres. This property makes In1−xGaxASyP1−y, very attractive as a semiconductor laser and detector material for future fibre communication systems.
Single-mode fibres in a few moments
- Author(s): C.D. Hussey and C. Pask
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 644 –645
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810452
- Type: Article
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It is shown that a single-mode optical fibre can be characterised by only three moments of its refractive index profile function. Exact shapes of the profile are not required. An analytically derived formula provides highly accurate values for the modal eigenvalue and all quantities used for calculating pulse dispersion. Examples for theoretically and experimentally defined profiles are presented.
InGaAsP/InP BH lasers on p-type InP substrates
- Author(s): Y. Nakano ; K. Takahei ; Y. Noguchi ; H. Nagai ; K. Nawata ; M. Tokunaga
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 645 –646
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810453
- Type: Article
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A 1.55 μm InGaAsP/InP BH laser is achieved on a p-type InP substrate resulting in a simple fabrication process. A threshold current as low as 40 mA under CW operation and a pulsed power rating of several hundred mW at 8 A peak current are achieved in buried-heterostructure lasers.
Dispersion measurements in single-mode fibres using sum-frequency mixing as a picosecond optical shutter
- Author(s): K. Mochizuki ; Y. Namihira ; H. Wakabayashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 646 –648
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810454
- Type: Article
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We describe a novel technique of measuring dispersion in single-mode fibres using picosecond pulses generated by a temperature tuned LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator as a light source and sum-frequency mixing as a picosecond shutter. The temporal resolution is less than 30 ps.
Distributed mailbox arrangement which facilitates task communication in a multimicroprocessor system
- Author(s): N. Jayaram and P.L. Evans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 648 –650
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810455
- Type: Article
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A distributed mailbox facility that could minimise the memory conflicts arising out of busy wait synchronisation operations is described. A mapping of the Ada rendezvous mechanism is suggested as an application.
Digital transmission experiment using LED and PIN-PD arrays
- Author(s): Y. Tachikawa ; K. Ohnishi ; Y. Fujii ; Y. Nagata
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 650 –651
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810456
- Type: Article
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A 6.3 Mb/s transmission experiment was conducted using a new type of LED/PIN-PD array package which includes demountable connections with a fibre ribbon. An allowable loss of about 20 dB for each fibre link was verified and coupling efficiency variation due to repeated matings was only 0.1 dB. It was also confirmed that the effect of crosstalk between adjacent channels was negligible.
Low threshold channelled-substrate buried crescent InGaAsP lasers emitting at 1.54 μm
- Author(s): W.J. Devlin ; R.H. Walling ; P.J. Fiddyment ; R.E. Hobbs ; D. Murrell ; R.E. Spillett ; A.G. Steventon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 651 –653
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810457
- Type: Article
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Double-heterostructure lasers with crescent-shaped InGaAsP active layers have been fabricated with CW emission of 1.54 μm. Lowest CW thresholds are 45–47 mA for a 200 μm long cavity at 25°C. The lasing near-field widths are 2.5–3.0 μm and the spectral widths to 10% of peak are 4–5 nm under both CW conditions and modulation up to 320 Mbit/s.
Crosspolarisation for monopole antennas on limited ground planes
- Author(s): M.S. Smith and G. de Prunelé
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 653 –656
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810458
- Type: Article
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The crosspolarised radiation from monopoles on square ground planes of side 0.5 to 2.2λ has been investigated. The radiation pattern structure and the relative strength of the crosspolar radiation are described.
Unloaded quality factor measurement for MIC dielectric resonator applications
- Author(s): A. Podcameni ; L.F.M. Conrado ; M.M. Mosso
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 656 –658
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810459
- Type: Article
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The unloaded quality factor of a dielectric resonator, in the MIC environment, and magnetically coupled to a terminated microstrip line, is estimated by using a network analyser. It is sufficient to compute the relative bandwidth of the interception between the reflection coefficient locus and the R − 1 = ±jX arcs.
Role of modal distribution in determining power backscattered from fibres with diameter perturbations
- Author(s): A.R. Mickelson and M. Eriksud
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 658 –659
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810460
- Type: Article
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Certain results of a theory of the backscattering process in multimode fibres are discussed. Calculated near-field intensities of backscattered waves are presented. The dependence of the backscattered power on diameter perturbations is calculated and shown to agree with the empirically determined relation.
Hybrid modes of graded-index optical fibres
- Author(s): M. Hashimoto
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 659 –661
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810461
- Type: Article
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The profile dependence of the hybrid wave structure of graded-index optical-fibre modes is discussed. It is shown that the generally accepted definitions for HE and EH modes should be altered for certain classes of refractive-index profile.
Filter detection of phase-modulated laser probe signals
- Author(s): B.A. Auld ; S. Ayter ; M. Tan ; D. Hauden
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 661 –662
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810462
- Type: Article
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Two simple frequency filtering methods are described for demodulating laser probe measurements of acoustic vibration signals. Measurements are presented of Lamb wave scattering in a plate waveguidc and of acoustic second-harmonic generation in a length expander resonator. In the second example spurious second-harmonic signals are rejected by using a phase heterodyning technique.
Computer-aided design of the Gray–Markel filter
- Author(s): J. Marshall and F. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 662 –664
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810463
- Type: Article
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The Gray-Markel filter has enjoyed a degree of popularity due to some special attributes it possesses. In the letter, a two-and one-multiplier Gray-Markel filter is derived in state-variable form. Using computer-aided techniques, a state variable model is computed and the finite word-length effects of the filter automatically quantified.
2.24 Gbit/s optical transmission system at 0.85 μm wavelength
- Author(s): W. Albrecht ; C. Baack ; G. Elze ; B. Enning ; G. Heydt ; K. Peters ; G. Walf ; G. Wenke
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 664 –666
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810464
- Type: Article
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The letter describes an optical transmission system operating at a bit-rate of 2.24 Gbit/s over a 5.5 km single-mode fibre which was realised with commercially available optoelectronic and electronic components. The receiving unit of the system comprises circuits for complete signal and clock regeneration. Except for one MESFET only bipolar transistors are used.
Performance of a scaled Si gate n-well CMOS technology
- Author(s): G. Zimmer ; H. Fiedler ; B. Hoefflinger ; E. Neubert ; H. Vogt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 666 –667
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810465
- Type: Article
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A scaled n-well CMOS technology with 40 nm gate oxide, 1 μm PMOS and 2 μm NMOS transistors has been realised with peak effective mobilities of 710 and 260 cm2V−1s−1 for electrons and holes, respectively, and available voltage gains as high as 80 for a 1 μm PMOS and 115 for a 2 μm NMOS transistor. The corresponding maximum inverter gain was 75. The inverter supply voltage range was 1.5 to 12 V and the inverter delay time was 300 ps at 5 V supply voltage.
Precision moulded fibre connector using an electroformed cavity
- Author(s): T. Kurokawa ; T. Yoshizawa ; S. Nara ; Y. Katayama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 667 –669
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810466
- Type: Article
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Precision moulded fibre connectors have been fabricated using accurate electroformed cavities. They can be assembled under field conditions and had an average connection loss of 0.53 dB. They have a high potential for mass production and low cost as well as a low connection loss.
Characterisation of a deep electron trap in molecular-beam epitaxial InP
- Author(s): R.M. Park and C.R. Stanley
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 669 –670
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810467
- Type: Article
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A single deep electron trap in indium phosphide grown by molecular-beam epitaxy has been characterised having a thermal activation energy of 0.59 eV and an apparent emission cross-section of 1.5×10−12 cm2.
Long-length fibre containing high-strength splices
- Author(s): Y. Miyajima ; K. Ishihara ; T. Kakii ; Y. Toda ; S. Tanaka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 670 –672
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810468
- Type: Article
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Based on the theoretical study of hydrofluoric acid etching, the maximum strength of 2.6% elongation was achieved at the spliced point of the fibre. A new reinforcement method has been also developed, which provides a long-length fibre for cabling. The optical fibre containing these splices was cabled without degradation in optical transmission loss.
Fluoride-glass-cladded optical fibres for mid-infra-red ray transmission
- Author(s): S. Mitachi ; T. Miyashita ; T. Kanamori
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, p. 672 –673
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810469
- Type: Article
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Cladded-type fluoride glass fibres with a transmission loss of 0.1 dB/m at 2.5 μm and 0.3 dB/m at 3.6 μm, respectively, were fabricated by a novel casting method. Relative refractive-index differences between core and cladding ranging from 0.17% to 0.33% were obtained using BaF2-GdF3-ZrF4-AlF3 glasses as core and cladding components.
Erratum: Error performance of frequency-hopped d.p.s.k. system
- Author(s): K. Yamada and K. Daikoku
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, page: 673 –673
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810470
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Direct method of determining equivalent-step-index profiles for monomode fibres
- Author(s): C.A. Millar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, page: 673 –673
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810471
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Frequency/depth-penetration considerations in hyperthermia by magnetically induced currents
- Author(s): J.H. Young ; M.-T. Wang ; I.A. Brezovich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 17, Issue 18, page: 674 –674
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19810472
- Type: Article
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