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1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 16, Issue 4, 14 February 1980
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Volume 16, Issue 4
14 February 1980
Ohmic contacts on n-GaAs produced by laser alloying of Ge films
- Author(s): G. Badertscher ; R.P. Salathe ; W. Luthy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 113 –114
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800084
- Type: Article
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–114
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A Q-switched Nd:y.a.g. laser has been used to form ohmic contacts on n-type GaAs covered with an evaporated film of Ge. The contacts showed good surface morphology with contact resistivities as low as 10−6 Ω cm2.
S.A.W. monolithic acoustoelectronic oscillator
- Author(s): Yu.V. Gulyaev ; I.M. Kotelyansky ; A.V. Medved ; R.A. Mishkinis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 114 –115
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800085
- Type: Article
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–115
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S.A.W. and high-frequency signal generations are reported in c.w. monolithic acoustoelectronic amplifier with electrical feedback.
800 Mbit/s optical transmission experiments with dispersion-free fibres at 1.5 μm
- Author(s): Jun-Ichi Yamada ; Susumu Machida ; Takaaki Mukai ; Tatsuya Kimura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 115 –117
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800086
- Type: Article
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–117
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By using dispersion-free single-mode fibres at 1.5 μm, where silica fibres have minimum loss, an optical transmission experiment was successfully carried out at 800 Mbit/s with 20 km repeater spacing. Error rate against receiving optical level characteristics showed that the optical power penalty caused by fibre dispersion is negligible after long line transmission at 1.5 μm.
Comments on: ‘Floating ideal inductor with one d.v.c.c.s.’ and ‘Novel capacitor flotation scheme’
- Author(s): Raj Senani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, page: 117 –117
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800087
- Type: Article
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Reply to: Comments on ‘Floating ideal inductor with one d.v.c.c.s.’ and ‘Novel capacitor flotation scheme’
- Author(s): D. Patranabis and A.N. Paul
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, page: 117 –117
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800088
- Type: Article
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Novel proof-tester for optical glass fibres
- Author(s): P.W. France
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 117 –119
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800089
- Type: Article
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117
–119
(3)
A compact novel proof-tester has been developed which strains the fibre by bending it over known diameter rollers. The proof-tester truncates the Weibull strength distribution at the expected level, indicating that it induces little damage in fibre with a thin primary coating.
Easily testable sequential machines with extra inputs and extra outputs
- Author(s): Sunil R. Das ; Zen Chen ; Yow Lung Dai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 119 –121
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800090
- Type: Article
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In a recent paper, Fujiwara et al. presented an efficient procedure for designing checking experiments for sequential machines. In this procedure any arbitrary sequential machine is augmented to an easily testable machine by adding only two special input symbols to the original machine. An easily testable machine is defined by the authors as a reduced and strongly connected machine which possesses a distinguishing sequence as well as a synchronising sequence of length [log2q], and a transfer sequence with a length that is at most [log2q] to take the machine from a specific state S1, to a state St for all i, where q is the number of machine states, and [r] denotes the smallest integer greater than or equal to r. For a q-state, p-input symbol easily testable machine, the authors' procedure provides an upper bound on the length of the checking experiment that approximately equals pq[log2q]. Furthermore, the entire checking experiment happens to be preset. This letter reports an extension of the aforementioned work of Fujiwara et al. In the procedure developed through this extension, any arbitrary sequential machine is augmented to an easily testable machine, by adding not two special input symbols alone, but simultaneously adding [log2q] output terminals to the original machine. This modification gives a reduced upper bound on the lengths of the checking experiments, and also permits coverage of fault types that may cause an increase in the number of machine states.
Kink-free narrow-stripe proton-isolated GaAlAs/GaAs injection lasers
- Author(s): C. Lindström and P. Tihanyi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 121 –123
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800091
- Type: Article
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–123
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Totally kink-free and very-narrow-stripe proton-isolated injection lasers are presented. The standard gold-indium metal-contact bonding system has been investigated, and as a result an improved bonding technique is presented. Kink-free lasers with output power up to 20 mW have been accelerated at 80°C ambient for 1000 h without any change in thermal resistance and with an expected lifetime of above 106 h at room temperature.
Transient response of sample-and-hold circuits
- Author(s): B. Guryanov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 123 –124
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800092
- Type: Article
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The transient response of sample-and-hold circuits with parabolic approximation of switch resistance is considered. As a rule, such a law gives a maximum guaranteed duration for the transient process (acquisition time).
S.A.W. implementation of whitening filters for satellite digital communications
- Author(s): Jeannine Henaff and M. Feldmann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 124 –125
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800093
- Type: Article
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–125
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The ability of a s.a.w. filter to match arbitrary frequency response is demonstrated for an x/sin x specification. This yields a valuable improvement for satellite digital communications around the 70 MHz intermediate frequency. Both design rules and experimental results are reported.
Filtre recursif nonlineaire [Nonlinear recursive filter]
- Author(s): M. Monsion and D. Commanges
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 125 –127
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800094
- Type: Article
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–127
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Un filtre récursif nonlinéaire est synthétisé de façon simple par utilisation de la transformée de Laguerre multivariable et d'un isomorphisme entre l'espace des signaux continus et l'espace des signaux discrets.A nonlinear recursive filter is easily synthesised by use of the multidimensional Laguerre transform and of an isomorphism between the continuous-signals space and the discrete-signals space.
New wideband microstrip antenna using log-periodic technique
- Author(s): P.S. Hall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 127 –128
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800095
- Type: Article
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–128
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A novel wideband microstrip antenna using a series-fed linear array of patch resonators in a log-periodic arrangement is described. A 9-element example gives good input v.s.w.r. and radiation control over a 30% bandwidth with better than 70% efficiency. The new array configuration gives wider bandwidth than single-layer or stacked microstrip patches combined with better efficiency than patches on lossy substrates or microstrip spirals.
Relationship between system delay and transmission rate in time-encoded speech
- Author(s): D.C. Mason and D.M. Balston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 128 –130
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800096
- Type: Article
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–130
(3)
The system delay involved in time-encoded speech can be made tolerable by a modest increase in transmission rate over average source generation rate.
Storage correlator as an adaptive inverse filter
- Author(s): D. Behar ; G.S. Kino ; J.E. Bowers ; H. Olaisen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 130 –131
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800097
- Type: Article
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–131
(2)
The application of an acoustic surface wave (a.s.w.) monolithic zinc oxide on silicon storage correlator as a wideband adaptive inverse filter is reported. The impulse response of the filter is updated by using the iterative l.m.s. algorithm. This application was demonstrated by suppressing the level of an undesirable time-delayed echo pulse by 10 dB.
Improved circuit elements for switched-capacitor ladder filters
- Author(s): Man Shek Lee
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 131 –133
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800098
- Type: Article
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–133
(3)
A new switched-capacitor floating inductance simulation circuit which does not depend on matching of passive elements is presented. A switched-capacitor source termination circuit which functions as a sample-and-hold circuit for a filter is also described.
Effect of dead time on closed-loop regulation
- Author(s): C.C. Hang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 133 –134
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800099
- Type: Article
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133
–134
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The steady-state performance of closed-loop regulation in the presence of random disturbance is found to be dependent on a crosspower term. Without dead time, this term is negative, resulting in good disturbance rejection. The presence of dead time will increase the crosspower term and may even reverse its sign, resulting in poorer performance. Furthermore, the closed-loop regulation may be worse than the open-loop, and a decrease in the controller gain may be needed to improve disturbance rejection.
Reduction of sidelobes in uniformly excited arrays with element pattern control
- Author(s): D.R. Hill
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 134 –135
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800100
- Type: Article
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134
–135
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Uniformly excited arrays of identical elements suffer from high close-in sidelobes. Suppression of sidelobe levels can be achieved by tapering the aperture amplitude distribution, but a more complex feed network results. A novel form of amplitude tapering is described, in which element pattern control in uniformly excited arrays is shown to theoretically reduce close-in sidelobe levels.
Multi-glass-rod optical-fibre splicers made by drawing technique
- Author(s): S. Nagasawa and H. Murata
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 136 –138
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800101
- Type: Article
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136
–138
(3)
New splicers for optical fibres have been fabricated in a process in which arrayed glass rods are heated and drawn together. The splicers exhibit low average splicing loss of less than 0.1 dB, slight loss fluctuation of less than 0.05 dB in the temperature range −20°C∼ +60°C, and are potentially low in cost.
Detecting instability in concavity trees
- Author(s): B.K. Marlow and B.G. Batchelor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 138 –139
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800102
- Type: Article
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138
–139
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A simple algorithm is described for detecting the possibility of encountering instability in the set of concavity trees generated from a class of very similar shapes (i.e. those which can be represented by a single archetype). The algorithm can detect instability in deep m-concavities but is unable to accommodate shallow depressions in the edge. However, an earlier paper showed that the latter can be tolerated by a simple modification to the concavity-tree generator. Once the potential for instability has been detected, it is usually obvious what course of action is necessary; the instability detector is intended to avoid applying tree-matching procedures in an inappropriate way.
Discrete cosine transform processor using a c.c.d. programmable transversal filter
- Author(s): N. Kapur ; J. Mavor ; M.A. Jack
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 139 –141
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800103
- Type: Article
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–141
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The design and performance of a compact discrete-cosine prime-transform processor using a charge-coupled-device programmable transversal filter is reported. The c.c.d. design used here allows the required operations of data permutation and correlation to be performed in the same device. In addition, this arrangement permits an N-stage c.c.d. filter to be used for implementation of an N-point transform. This represents a factor-of-two reduction in c.c.d. stages over previously reported systems.
Improved circuit for switched-capacitor simulation of an inductor
- Author(s): Josef A. Nossek
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 141 –142
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800104
- Type: Article
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–142
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A new circuit for the switched-capacitor realisation of a lossless inductance, which is based on the bilinear transformation, is described. It requires only a grounded-input grounded-output operational amplifier and three capacitors.
4-Bits digitally driven integrated amplitude modulator for data processing
- Author(s): M. Papuchon ; C. Puech ; A. Schnapper
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 142 –144
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800105
- Type: Article
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–144
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A digitally driven integrated-optical amplitude modulator, acting as a digital-analogue convenor, has been fabricated on a LiNbO3 substrate. It can be driven by 4-bits digital circuitry with a command voltage of 2.6 V.
Improved framing circuit and its performance evaluation
- Author(s): Wen Chengyi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 144 –146
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800106
- Type: Article
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–146
(3)
An improved framing circuit is described, which checks all the consecutive data bits in a frame for possible framing-bit candidacy. A lumped absorbing Markov-chain model is established for characterising its reframe process. A general algorithm is presented for finding the average reframe time directly from the transition matrix.
2.0 μm c.w. operation of GaInAsSb/GaSb d.h. lasers at 80 K
- Author(s): Hiroyuki Kano and Koichi Sugiyama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 146 –147
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800107
- Type: Article
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–147
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GaInAsSb/GaSb double-heterostructure (d.h.) lasers were fabricated by liquid-phase-epitaxial growth. C.W. operation was realised at 80 K with a wavelength of 2.0 μm. From measurement of laser thresholds as a function of temperature, it was shown that threshold currents for pulsed operation are described by the expression I(T) ∞ exp (T/T0), where T0 = 58 K.
Power spectrum of scrambled signal
- Author(s): Grozdan Petrović
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 147 –148
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800108
- Type: Article
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–148
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The general formula for the power spectrum of a binary signal encoded by a self-synchronising scrambler is derived and applied for 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-stage scramblers and for the different probabilities of ‘ones’ in the input binary sequence.
Combined triple-transit and bulk-wave suppression in s.a.w. delay line
- Author(s): D.J. Gunton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 149 –150
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800109
- Type: Article
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The use of 3 dB hybrid power dividers/combiners at the input and output of a pair of surface-acoustic-wave delay lines can give combined suppression of triple-transit signals and bulk-wave responses. Typically, the triple-transit signal is reduced by 20 dB and the bulk-wave responses by 15 dB compared with an unmodified delay line.
Microwave detection of third-order nonlinearities in fatigue cracks
- Author(s): A.J. Bahr
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 150 –152
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800110
- Type: Article
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–152
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The results of an experiment aimed at demonstrating the possibility of detecting third-order electromagnetic nonlinearities in tight fatigue cracks are described. The postulated non-linearity was found to exist in specimens of aluminium and stainless steel using a two-frequency system operating near 10 GHz. This phenomenon could prove to be useful for non-destructive evaluation.
21.2 km graded-index v.a.d. fibre with low loss and wide bandwidth
- Author(s): S. Sudo ; M. Kawachi ; T. Edahiro ; K. Chida
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 152 –154
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800111
- Type: Article
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–154
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A 21.2 km graded-index optical fibre has been fabricated by the v.a.d. method. Special attention was paid to the temperature distribution on the growing surface of the porous preform to obtain the desired refractive-index profile. In the 21.2 km fibre, the transmission loss and 6 dB down bandwidth achieved were 0.64 dB/km and 57 MHz at 1.3 μm, respectively.
Novel active RC realisations of tunable floating inductors
- Author(s): Raj Senani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 154 –155
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800112
- Type: Article
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Two new active RC networks, employing second-generation current conveyors as active elements, are proposed for the realisation of series/parallel floating RL impedances. The attractive features of the circuits are that they (i) do not require any component-matching, (ii) facilitate independent control of inductance value through a single resistor, and (iii) employ a single capacitor along with a low resistor-count.
Small area InGaAs/InP p-i-n photodiodes: fabrication, characteristics and performance of devices in 274 Mb/s and 45 Mb/s lightwave receivers at 1.31 μm wavelength
- Author(s): T.P. Lee ; C.A. Burrus ; A.G. Dentai ; K. Ogawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 155 –156
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800113
- Type: Article
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Small-area Zn-diffused homojunction InGaAs/InP p-i-n photodetectors for wavelengths up to 1.65 μm have been fabricated in a back-illuminated configuration. The dark current is 5 nA and the capacitance is 0.3 pF at −10 V bias; the quantum efficiency is 65% without a.r. coatings. As 1.31 μm detectors in a p-i-n/f.e.t. receiver preamplifier, the diodes have provided a receiver sensitivity of −46.7 dBm at 45 Mb/s and −36 dBm at 274 Mb/s for 10−9 error rate.
Birefringence in graded-index monomode fibres with elliptical cross-section
- Author(s): R.A. Sammut
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 4, p. 156 –157
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800114
- Type: Article
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A general expression is presented for the phase difference between the two polarisation states of the fundamental mode on a monomode fibre with arbitrary refractive-index profile and elliptical cross-section. Numerical results indicate that the degree of circularity required of a practical fibre to achieve a given bandwidth may be less than that predicted by assuming a step-index profile.
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