Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 16, Issue 22, 23 October 1980
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Volume 16, Issue 22
23 October 1980
M.S.W. nondispersive, electronically tunable time delay elements
- Author(s): J.C. Sethares ; J.M. Owens ; C.V. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 825 –826
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800586
- Type: Article
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A nondispersive, electronically tunable (165–180 ns) time delay unit based on magnetostatic wave (m.s.w.) propagation with 6% bandwidth at 3 GHz has been demonstrated. The unit is implemented by cascading magnetostatic surface wave and magnetostatic backward volume wave delay lines designed so that the dispersion slopes are equal and opposite in slope over the common operating bandwidth; this produces an element with constant time delay over the bandwidth which can be adjusted by a bias field variation of one of the lines.
Optical heterodyne detection of directly frequency modulated semiconductor laser signals
- Author(s): S. Saito ; Y. Yamamoto ; T. Kimura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 826 –827
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800587
- Type: Article
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Frequency modulated semiconductor laser signals are demodulated by optical heterodyne detection using an independently temperature stabilised semiconductor laser local oscillator and a square law detector followed by electrical frequency discrimination circuitry. Beat frequency stability of the free-running semiconductor laser transmitter and local oscillator and characteristics of direct frequency modulation and optical heterodyne detection are delineated.
Ka-band self-oscillating mixers with Schottky BARITT diodes
- Author(s): P.N. Förg and J. Freyer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 827 –829
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800588
- Type: Article
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The fabrication of Pt n-p+ silicon Baritt diodes is described which can deliver more than 4 mW at Ka-band frequencies. The diodes were investigated as self-oscillating mixers. A minimum detectable signal of −154 dBm as well as a conversion gain of 26 dB could be realised.
Mechanical fibre optic switching using p.v.d.f. bimorph
- Author(s): T. Ebato ; T. Kajiwara ; S. Kobayashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 829 –830
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800589
- Type: Article
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An optical fibre switching element has been constructed, based on the electromechanical deformation of a bimorph of piezoclectric polymer, p.v.d.f. (polyvinylidene fluoride). Light transmitted through a fibre was switched between two other fibres situated next to each other by the application of the voltage of 3.5 V r.m.s. at 10 Hz. The insertion loss of this element was 0.7 dB.
C.W. operation of GaInAsP/InP laser with chemically etched mirror
- Author(s): K. Iga and B.I. Miller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 830 –832
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800590
- Type: Article
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The first c.w. operation of a GaInAsP/InP stripe laser (λ≃1.3 μm) having a chemically etched mirror has been achieved at room temperature. One of the cavity facets was monolithically formed by a wet chemical etch and passivated with a Si3N4 film to simplify bonding the chip on a heat sink. Threshold currents for 10 μm-stripe lasers were as low as 190 mA and the differential quantum efficiencies from the cleaved facet were ~18% (27°C, pulsed). C.W. operation was obtained up to 35°C.
Open ampoule diffusion in InP
- Author(s): P.N. Favennec ; L. Henry ; M. Gauneau ; H. L'haridon ; G. Pelous
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 832 –833
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800591
- Type: Article
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We describe a new diffusion process to obtain Zn-doped p+-InP layers in an open ampoule in a PH3/H2 atmosphere. Using this process, we are able to control the diffusion and to realise planar and abrupt junctions while conserving the mirror-like InP surface.
Electrofluorescent colloid light switch
- Author(s): B.R. Jennings and P.J. Ridler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 833 –834
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800592
- Type: Article
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A low field electro-optic light switch mechanism is proposed, based on changes in the fluorescence from dye molecules absorbed to sepiolite clay particles. When tagged with acridine orange and suitably oriented in an electric field, sepiolite suspensions give fluorescence effects orders of magnitude greater than those for dye-tagged liquid crystals. Uses of the system are discussed.
Propagation of m.f. signals along mine tunnel containing an axial wire and water trough
- Author(s): T.U. Nelson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 834 –836
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800593
- Type: Article
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Experimental work has produced data which allowed an accurate transmission line model of a mine tunnel containing an axial wire to be derived. The results obtained show good agreement with the theoretical analyses done by other workers in this field.
Planar-doped barriers in GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy
- Author(s): R.J. Malik ; T.R. Aucoin ; R.L. Ross ; K. Board ; C.E.C. Wood ; L.F. Eastman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 836 –838
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800594
- Type: Article
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A new majority carrier rectifying device is demonstrated which is made in gallium arsenide by molecular beam epitaxy. It exhibits thermionic transport with positive and negative bias and the barrier height and degree of asymmetry in the I/V characteristic can be continuously varied. The device also shows a constant capacitance with bias.
Hydraulic pressure buckling in plastic coated optical fibre
- Author(s): K. Nakagawa ; M. Takeshima ; F. Ebisawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 838 –839
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800595
- Type: Article
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Buckling was observed under hydraulic pressure in a multi-mode plastic-coated optical fibre with a buffer layer. The optical loss increase by buckling was examined. It was found that the occurrence of buckling can be estimated from the relationship between compressibility and Young's modulus of the coating materials.
n-channel m.i.s.f.e.t.s in epitaxial HgCdTe/CdTe
- Author(s): G.M. Williams and E.R. Gertner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 839 –840
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800596
- Type: Article
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M.I.S.F.E.T.s have been fabricated in HgCdTe epitaxially grown on CdTe substrates. These planar n-channel f.e.t.s use ZnS as the insulator and Be ion implantation for the source and drain regions. Surface mobilities of 7×103 cm3/Vs at 77 K are reported.
AlGaAs heterostructure injection laser s.c.r.
- Author(s): J. Katz ; N. Bar-chaim ; S. Margalit ; A. Yariv
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 840 –842
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800597
- Type: Article
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The operation of a gate-controlled p-n-p-n injection laser device has been demonstrated. The switching is accomplished by an electrical control signal. The threshold current of the laser incorporated into the device is about 100 mA, and its optical properties are similar to those of the Be-implanted laser reported recently.
Elimination of emitter edge dislocations in silicon planar n-p-n transistors
- Author(s): N.D. Stojadinović and R.S. Popović
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 842 –843
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800598
- Type: Article
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It is shown that the conventional method for elimination of emitter edge dislocations, which consists of a low concentration emitter phosphorus diffusion, has two disadvantages: it increases reverse emitter-base current and reduces current gain at low currents. Also, it is shown that the mentioned disadvantages can be successfully avoided by a new method for elimination of emitter edge dislocations, which consists of a high concentration emitter phosphorus diffusion followed by an additional shallow boron diffusion.
I.I.R. digital filter design using constrained optimisation techniques
- Author(s): T.S. Durrani and R. Chapman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 843 –845
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800599
- Type: Article
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A new design method for all-pole infinite impulse response (i.i.r.) digital filters is introduced. The method involves minimising the area between the ideal lowpass filter response in the passhand and the actual passband response, subject to a quadratic constraint which ensures filter realisability. A unique solution is obtained to the minimisation which relates the filter weights to the eigenvector of a Toeplitz matrix. The filters are seen to have a small ripple in the passhand and a sharp cutoff in the stopband.
Dual wavelength surface emitting InGaAsP l.e.d.s
- Author(s): T.P. Lee ; C.A. Burrus ; A.G. Dentai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 845 –846
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800600
- Type: Article
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Surface emitting l.e.d.s capable of simultaneous emission near 1.14 μm and 1.3 μm wavelengths, from an area 75 μm × 75 μm. have been fabricated and tested. Outputs of 0.5 mW and 0.8 mW, respectively, were obtained at the two wavelengths in initial devices driven at 50 mA d c. The measured crosstalk was −23.9 dB (electrical).
Active Q-switching of lateral field coupling control d.h. laser
- Author(s): H. Ito ; K. Gen-Ei ; H. Inaba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 846 –847
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800601
- Type: Article
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Active Q-switching of d.h. semiconductor lasers is proposed and analysed. The method is based upon the coupling switch of a lateral evanescent field coupled laser with superposition of the simultaneous injection current change. This novel method relaxes greatly the required condition for realisation of a Q-switched semiconductor laser.
New line code for digital subscriber loop
- Author(s): Ø Jenssen ; B.O. Justnes ; S. Stueflotten
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 847 –849
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800602
- Type: Article
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A new line code is presented which may find applications in the future digital subscriber loop. The line code is well balanced and has a narrow frequency spectrum.
Alloying behaviour of Au-Ge/Pt ohmic contacts to GaAs by pulsed electron beam and furnace heating
- Author(s): C.P. Lee ; J.L. Tandon ; P.J. Stocker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 849 –850
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800603
- Type: Article
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Au-Ge/Pt contacts on n-type GaAs have been irradiated by a pulsed electron beam to yield excellent ohmic behaviour. Auger electron spectroscopy (a.e.s.) measurements of the depth profiles of the constituent elements in these irradiated contacts indicate that considerable intermixing of the metals with Ga and/or As is not necessary for good ohmic behaviour. Subsequent isochronal (2 min) furnace heating in H2 of these contacts at different temperatures shows that the Au-Ge/Pt metallisation system is highly reactive, with the inter mixing and the ohmic behaviour being a strong function of the furnace temperature. From a.e.s. measurements the important role of Ge as a dopant in generating a heavily doped GaAs layer at the metal-GaAs interface responsible for the ohmic character of the contacts is confirmed. Low specific contact resistance is closely related to the ability in incorporating Ge in a shallow GaAs layer during the alloy cycle.
Ion beam oxidation of Nb-based Josephson junctions
- Author(s): R. Herwig
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 850 –851
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800604
- Type: Article
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Ion beam oxidation and structuring of Nb-based planar Josephson junctions are briefly described and preliminary results are presented.
Simple method for analysis of a class of switched-capacitor filters
- Author(s): G. Müller and G.C. Temes
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 852 –853
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800605
- Type: Article
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A simple technique, applicable to most practical switched-capacitor filters (s.c.f.s) is used to model the s.c.f. by an analogue circuit containing only amplifiers, resistors and capacitors with real constant element values. Thus, the s.c.f. response and sensitivities can readily be found using available circuit analysis programs.
A source of thermocouple error in radiofrequency electric fields
- Author(s): D.P. Chakraborty and I.A. Brezovich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 853 –854
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800606
- Type: Article
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When thermocouples are exposed to radiofrequency fields, the unequal resistances of the two wires cause electrical currents to flow through the junction. The junction is thereby heated, resulting in erroneously high temperature readings. Experimental documentation for the effect and a theoretical explanation are presented. Methods to minimise the error are also suggested.
Fibre optic accelerometer
- Author(s): A.B. Tveten ; A. Dandridge ; C.M. Davis ; T.G. Giallorenzi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 854 –856
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800607
- Type: Article
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A sensitivity of less than 1 μg for a fibre optic accelerometer is demonstrated. The accelerometer measures the strain in the fibre when a mass is accelerated. An all-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used to detect the change in optical path length produced by the strain in the fibre.
Pole sensitivity of all-pole lowpass LC ladder networks
- Author(s): J.K. Fidler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 856 –857
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800608
- Type: Article
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By simple manipulation of the sensitivity relationships for all-pole lowpass LC ladder networks, it is shown that results may be obtained for the sum of pole sensitivities with respect to any inductive or capacitive component. These results are of interest in sensitivity and optimisation studies of these structures.
Continuously variable solid state delay circuits
- Author(s): G.M. Ettinger and L.T. Shooter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 857 –858
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800609
- Type: Article
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A circuit using the properties of c.m.o.s. logic gates is described, which yields continuously variable delay over a range exceeding 3:1. Advantage is taken of the dependence of pulse transition time on supply voltage, and applications are suggested in digital transmission compensation as well as in the generation of variable frequency square waves.
Recursive code generation based on m-sequence
- Author(s): J.M. Potter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 858 –859
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800610
- Type: Article
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Families of binary sequences are recursively defined, with the first family consisting of a single reference m-sequence. The crosscorrelation function of any of these sequences with the reference m-sequence has a unique pattern which determines a code word corresponding to the given sequence. One suggested application of the technique is to a data transmission system using modulation of an m-sequence carrier.
Comment: Algorithms for computing relative neighbourhood graph
- Author(s): G.T. Toussaint
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, page: 860 –860
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800611
- Type: Article
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Until recently, no algorithm existed for computing the relative neighbourhood graph of n points on the plane in less than O(n2) worst-case time. Urquhart recently presented an O(n log n) algorithm for solving this problem. In this letter, it is shown that Urquhart's algorithm does not always work and hence finding an O(n log n) algorithm remains an open problem.
Reply: Algorithms for computing relative neighbourhood graph
- Author(s): R.B. Urquhart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 860 –861
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800612
- Type: Article
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Physical dependence of output conductance of voltage driven b.j.t.s
- Author(s): Yi Ming-Guang
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, p. 861 –862
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800613
- Type: Article
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A simple expression for the current dependency of the output conductance of voltage driven b.j.t.s is derived. It is found that because of the effect of basewidth modulation on the base transit time there is an additional output conductance component, which is important in some widely used linear i.c. configurations.
Reply: Novel sinusoidal oscillator employing grounded capacitors
- Author(s): Raj Senani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, page: 863 –863
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800614
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Parallel-wire meander line deflection circuit for electron beams
- Author(s): Y. Yamamoto ; Y. Hagiwara ; T. Iwai ; K. Fujisawa
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, page: 863 –863
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800615
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Birefringence in graded-index monomode fibres with elliptical cross-section
- Author(s): R.A. Sammut
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 22, page: 863 –863
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800616
- Type: Article
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