Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 16, Issue 10, 9 May 1980
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Volume 16, Issue 10
9 May 1980
New 1.6 μm wavelength GaInAsP/InP buried heterostructure lasers
- Author(s): Shigehisa Arai ; Masahiro Asada ; Yasuharu Suematsu ; Yoshio Itaya ; Tawee Tanbun-Ek ; Katsumi Kishino
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 349 –350
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800249
- Type: Article
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1.6 μm wavelength GaInAsP/InP buried heterostructure (b.h.) lasers were fabricated by a new process. The low threshold of 25 mA was obtained for a cavity length of about 300 μm and stripe width of 3–5 μm. Room temperature c.w. operation was also obtained with the threshold of 37 mA. Transverse single-mode operation up to more than three times the threshold was obtained.
Sub-Nyquist sampling process in presence of noisy sampling signal
- Author(s): M. Sarhadi and C.S. Aitchison
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 350 –352
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800250
- Type: Article
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–352
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A theoretical analysis of the frequency errors in the down-converted output frequencies of the sub-Nyquist sampling process due to a noisy sampling signal is presented.
Attenuation measurements performed by backscattering technique
- Author(s): B. Costa ; B. Sordo ; U. Menaglia ; L. Piccari ; G. Grasso
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 352 –353
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800251
- Type: Article
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An optical fibre was circulated between various laboratories in Italy and the attenuation characteristics measured, using different experimental arrangements. The results were compared, and found in excellent agreement, demonstrating the repeatability of the technique and its suitability as a reference method for attenuation measurements.
Integrated In0.53Ga0.47As p-i-n f.e.t. photoreceiver
- Author(s): R.F. Leheny ; R.E. Nahory ; M.A. Pollack ; A.A. Ballman ; E.D. Beebe ; J.C. DeWinter ; R.J. Martin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 353 –355
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800252
- Type: Article
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353
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The first operation of an integrated p-i-n-photodiode/f.e.t.-amplifier on a single wafer of In0.53Ga0.47As grown lattice matched to an InP substrate is reported.
New preprocessing technique for digital facsimile transmission
- Author(s): M.G.B. Ismail and R.J. Clarke
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 355 –356
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800253
- Type: Article
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355
–356
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A new preprocessing technique which removes unwanted notches and random noise generated by electronic scanners is presented. Using a 3 element by 3 element mask, the central picture element is altered from black to white, or vice versa, if the surrounding elements correspond to a predetermined pattern. A significant improvement in both subjective image quality and coding efficiency is observed.
Harmonic suppression in surface-acoustic-wave devices using jogged multistrip couplers
- Author(s): R.J. Murray ; R.F. Mitchell ; J. Schofield
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 356 –358
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800254
- Type: Article
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356
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A simple technique is presented for the suppression of unwanted harmonic responses in surface-acoustic-wave devices by the provision of a geometrical jog in one track of a track-changing multistrip coupler.
Frequency/depth-penetration considerations in hyperthermia by magnetically induced currents
- Author(s): J.H. Young ; M.-T. Wang ; I.A. Brezovich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 358 –359
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800255
- Type: Article
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–359
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An exact solution is presented for the magnetic field intensity within a conducting cylinder in an oscillating external magnetic field parallel to the cylinder axis. The numerical results given imply that, in clinical hyperthermia, frequencies up to 13.56 MHz can be used without a major loss of depth penetration.
Integrated optic a.d. convertor based on bulk acousto-optic interaction
- Author(s): M. Gottlieb and G.B. Brandt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 359 –361
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800256
- Type: Article
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p.
359
–361
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A method is described using integrated optics to perform high data rate a.d. conversion. The approach uses the bulk acousto-optic interaction in optical waveguides, with a segmented transducer array to deflect light in response to an analogue signal applied to phase-shifting elements at the transducer.
Adaptive pel location coding for bilevel facsimile signals
- Author(s): M.G.B. Ismail and R. Steele
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 361 –363
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800257
- Type: Article
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An adaptive pel location coding scheme is proposed for document encoding. Operating in one or two dimensions, it achieves high compression ratios at the expense of slight image degradation. Comparison with autoadaptive block coding, run-length coding using the B1 code, and modified Huffman coding are presented.
Spectral shaping of digitised speech for mobile radio applications
- Author(s): P.M. Petrović
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 363 –365
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800258
- Type: Article
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p.
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The modified duobinary technique is chosen for spectral shaping of digitised speech in mobile radio applications. A binary transversal filter coupled with a simple lowpass filter is used for generation of modified duobinary signals. The optimum value of the l.p. filter cutoff frequency is found using measured bit error rate curves and measured baseband power spectra.
New commutated Doppler microwave landing system
- Author(s): F.R. Connor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 365 –366
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800259
- Type: Article
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p.
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–366
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A new design for a double sideband commutated Doppler system for landing aircraft is proposed. It is capable of providing angular information in elevation and azimuth by the measurement of a Doppler frequency. Furthermore, it offers the possibility of detecting and correcting any multipath error present in the Doppler signal.
Baseband characteristics of long-wavelength l.e.d. systems
- Author(s): D. Gloge ; K. Ogawa ; L.G. Cohen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 366 –367
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800260
- Type: Article
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p.
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–367
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As multimode fibres improve, the transfer characteristics of l.e.d.-based systems become dominated by chromatic effects. We derive a simple formula describing the baseband transfer function and verify it by comparative laser and l.e.d. dispersion measurements.
Controlling deep transient depletion of an m.o.s. capacitor
- Author(s): T.P. Pedron ; J.P. Lanteri ; M. Garrigues ; J.J. Urgell
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 367 –368
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800261
- Type: Article
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p.
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The transient surface potential Ψs of an m.o.s. capacitor is regulated to a given value Ψ0 by controlling the gate voltage. Simultaneously, the oxide voltage drop, depletion layer charge and generation current are measured. We present an application of this circuit to the determination of the deep doping profile in a silicon substrate.
Representation of imperfect dielectric materials by an equivalent circuit
- Author(s): A.V. Sopilnik and J.C.L. van Peppen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 368 –370
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800262
- Type: Article
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p.
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–370
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A simple equivalent two-terminal electrical network that represents, over a wide frequency range and with sufficient accuracy, the dielectric properties of imperfect dielectric materials is given. The use of this network is illustrated with one of its applications in the mining industry, namely the determination of the concentration of metal in metallic ores.
Cascade synthesis of switched-capacitor networks employing voltage inverter switches
- Author(s): M.K. Li
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 370 –371
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800263
- Type: Article
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p.
370
–371
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The switched-capacitor equivalents of gyrators and transformers in cascade with unit elements are presented. This, together with the basic elements proposed by Fettweis, can be used to simulate various analogue sections which are used in cascade synthesis.
Bipolar transistors with low 1/f noise
- Author(s): M. Stoisiek ; D. Wolf ; W. Werner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 372 –373
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800264
- Type: Article
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p.
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Bipolar transistors employing low concentration emitter diffusion were obtained which show no current gain fall-off at low current levels, as well as significantly reduced 1/f noise. These devices may favourably be applied in low noise amplifiers.
Open-circuited coaxial lines as standards for microwave measurements
- Author(s): B. Bianco ; A. Corana ; L. Gogioso ; S. Ridella ; M. Parodi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 373 –374
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800265
- Type: Article
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p.
373
–374
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A highly accurate electromagnetic characterisation of open-circuited coaxial lines terminating in a circular waveguide has been obtained with a view to the employment of such devices as calibration standards for microwave measurements. The theoretical results have been compared with the corresponding experimental data in the range 1 kHz∼18 GHz for an open-line standard for common use. The agreement is very good.
Numerical technique for determining pumped nonlinear device waveforms
- Author(s): R.G. Hicks and P.J. Khan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 375 –376
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800266
- Type: Article
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p.
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The letter presents an efficient technique for determination of voltage and Current waveforms when a microwave network containing one or more nonlinear elements is excited by a sinusoidal source. This algorithm is a generalisation of an approach previously reported by Gupta and Lomax and features a ready application to microwave networks represented by a large number of equivalent circuit elements, either lumped or distributed.
Image enhancement using fuzzy set
- Author(s): S.K. Pal and R.A. King
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 376 –378
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800267
- Type: Article
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–378
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A method of image enhancement by computer using the fuzzy set theoretic approach is reported. The algorithm involves extraction of fuzzy properties corresponding to pixels and then successive application of fuzzy operator ‘contrast intensification’ on the property plane. System performance with different indexes of fuzziness is demonstrated for an English script input.
Novel active filters using amplifier pole
- Author(s): P.V. Ananda Mohan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 378 –380
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800268
- Type: Article
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p.
378
–380
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Active R realisation of bandpass and lowpass filters using lossy simulated inductors and capacitors is described.
Simplified parameter-based analysis of single-mode optical guides
- Author(s): W.J. Stewart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 380 –382
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800269
- Type: Article
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p.
380
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An approach to single- (and low-) mode waveguides is described that enables the important mode characteristics to be derived from much reduced profile data. Uniformity with generalised parameters for multimode guides is demonstrated, and experimental determination discussed.
New tunable synthetic floating inductors
- Author(s): R. Senani
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 382 –383
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800270
- Type: Article
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p.
382
–383
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Three new active RC synthetic floating inductance circuits are proposed which realise lossless f.i. and series and parallel RL impedance, respectively employing three and two second-generation current conveyors as active elements. The novel features of the new circuits are that (i) in contrast to available operational-amplifier circuits for f.i.s, the circuits presented here do not require component matching for the desired realisation; (ii) the new circuits employ a minimum possible number of passive elements (only two resistors and a capacitor); (ii) in all the new circuits, the inductance value is independently controllable through a single resistance.
Pattern synthesis of cylindrical slot antenna
- Author(s): J.M. Jarem and N.J. Sheikh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 383 –385
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800271
- Type: Article
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p.
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A constrained synthesis procedure is applied to the cylindrical slot antenna. Sets of orthogonal eigenfunctions are generated to represent the aperture and radiation fields. The error criterion is that of the minimum mean-square match and the super-gain ratio represents the source constraint. The method is illustrated for the cosecant pattern.
Adaptive crosstalk cancellation for crosspolarised digital transmissions
- Author(s): P. Sobieski and P. Delogne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 385 –387
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800272
- Type: Article
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p.
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Cancellation of crosspolarisation for modulated orthogonally polarised signals is feasible. Some networks are presented. The most interesting lie in baseband processing.
Transfer function deviations due to resistor-s.c. equivalence assumption in switched-capacitor simulations of LC ladders
- Author(s): K. Martin and S. Sedra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 387 –389
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800273
- Type: Article
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p.
387
–389
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A simple formula is derived for the deviations in the transfer functions of switched-capacitor ladder simulation filters designed using the resistor-s.c. equivalence.
Differential propagation delay in optical multifibre cables
- Author(s): E.F. Andersen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 389 –391
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800274
- Type: Article
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p.
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Pulse propagation delays in different GI-fibres within a cable have been measured as a function of temperature between −15° and +50°C. Two types of optical cables have been tested. Variation in propagation delay differences between fibres of up to 0.65 ns/km were observed.
Ultra wide bandwidth v.a.d. fibre
- Author(s): M. Nakahara ; S. Sudo ; N. Inagaki ; K. Yoshida ; S. Shibuya ; K. Kokura ; T. Kuroha
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 391 –392
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800275
- Type: Article
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An ultra wide bandwidth optical fibre has been fabricated by a v.a.d. method. The 6 dB bandwidth of the fibre is 6.53 GHzkm at 1.31 μm.
Necessary conditions for absolute stability of nonlinear multivariable regulators
- Author(s): B. Porter
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 392 –393
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800276
- Type: Article
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p.
392
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Simple necessary conditions involving the fundamental frequency-domain concept of transmission zeros are established for the absolute stability of nonlinear multivariable regulators. These results significantly complement the sufficient conditions provided by the matrix Popov criterion in the analysis and synthesis of nonlinear multivariable control systems.
Effect of hydroscopic water on dielectric constant of dust at X-band
- Author(s): S.I. Ghobrial
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 393 –394
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800277
- Type: Article
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p.
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The effect of a low moisture content on the dielectric properties of dust particles is investigated at X-band. It is found that the effect of a water content as low as 4.3% is to increase the real part of the dielectric constant by 25% and the imaginary part by more than 100%. This information is useful in the prediction of microwave attenuation during dust storms.
Novel active-compensated weighted summer
- Author(s): A. Rodriguez-Vazquez and J.L. Huertas
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 394 –395
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800278
- Type: Article
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A summer amplifier with extended bandwidth is proposed. Compensation of the frequency characteristics is achieved by employing two operational amplifiers instead of external reactive components.
Novel stray-insensitive switched-capacitor integrator
- Author(s): D.C. von Grünigen ; U.W. Brugger ; G.S. Moschytz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 16, Issue 10, p. 395 –397
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19800279
- Type: Article
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A stray-insensitive switched-capacitor integrator is introduced which enables the design of leapfrog filters suitable for high clock/signal frequency ratios without causing large capacitor spreads. A design example is given.
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