Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 15, Issue 11, 24 May 1979
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Volume 15, Issue 11
24 May 1979
Concavity and sensitivity of electrical resistance functions
- Author(s): F. Reza
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 305 –306
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790215
- Type: Article
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p.
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–306
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Two theorems are given concerning the concave behaviour of the input resistance function of linear passive resistive networks. The method of proof is based on circuit-theory considerations. A useful and potent link between circuit sensitivity and the theory of convex functions is presented.
Measurement of frequency dependence of Rayleigh backscattering in bidirectional optical systems
- Author(s): J. Straus ; I.S. Few ; J. Conradi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 306 –307
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790216
- Type: Article
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–307
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Measurements are presented of the frequency dependence of Rayleigh scattering in bidirectional optical systems and the results are compared with a theoretical model. Good agreement was obtained between the functional form derived theoretically and the measurements.
Substrate conduction in GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t.s
- Author(s): Peter G. Borden
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 307 –308
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790217
- Type: Article
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p.
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–308
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Substrate currents in a gateless GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t. have been measured at d.c, 0.9 MHz and 2 GHz. The results are consistent with the assumption of substrate conduction at high frequencies and active-layer conduction alone at low frequencies.
Ultrasonic attenuation of piezoelectric PVF2 films at high frequencies
- Author(s): B.T. Khuri-Yakub and C.H. Chou
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 308 –309
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790218
- Type: Article
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–309
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The ultrasonic attenuation of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2) piezoelectric films has been measured at high frequencies (150–450 MHz). It was observed that the propagation loss varies linearly with frequency. The ultrasonic Q of the PVF2 films is constant and equal to 19. It is thus possible to use PVF2 films for high-frequency applications.
Fabrication of single-mode fibres exhibiting extremely low polarisation birefringence
- Author(s): S.R. Norman ; D.N. Payne ; M.J. Adams ; A.M. Smith
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 309 –311
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790219
- Type: Article
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–311
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An investigation of the relative effects of core ellipticity and stress-induced birefringence on fibre polarisation properties is described. It is found that a reduction in core stress levels is necessary to obtain low-birefringence fibres. A fibre having a retardation of only 2.6°/m is reported.
C.C.D. transversal filter with a three-level polysilicon structure
- Author(s): K. Tanikawa ; Y. Ito ; T. Yamamoto ; S. Miura ; Y. Miyamoto ; S. Kato
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 311 –312
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790220
- Type: Article
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–312
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A transversal filter with a three-level polysilicon technique is fabricated to improve the double-split-electrode filter. This approach has several advantages over the double-split electrode filter, such as better transfer efficiency, no charge redistribution, no edge effects and mask-misalignment-free structure.
Technique for triple-transit suppression in surface-acoustic-wave delay lines
- Author(s): W.J. Tanski and H. van de Vaart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 312 –313
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790221
- Type: Article
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–313
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A unique broadband technique for suppression of the triple-transit signal in a surface-acoustic-wave delay line is described. The scheme, which utilises two similar delay line channels differing only in the symmetry of the output transducers, suppresses triple-transit signals by a mechanism which is independent of frequency and may be used on low-as well as high-coupling substrates.
Frequency response and bandwidth of a spherical random array
- Author(s): Davras Yavuz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 314 –315
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790222
- Type: Article
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p.
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–315
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Exact results for the expected frequency response of a spherical, sparse random array are determined, when focused at any point, including points within the sphere. Related bandwidth results are given.
Characteristics against length of silicone-clad silica optical fibres
- Author(s): I. Nouchi ; A. Jacques ; L. D'Auria
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 315 –316
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790223
- Type: Article
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The letter is concerned with length dependence of the transmission characteristics of a low-loss silicone-clad silica fibre (up to 5 km). It is observed that a quasi-steady-state condition (fibre characteristics independent of launching conditions) is obtained at 100 m long before true equilibrium (bandwidth proportional to L−1/2) attained at 2.5 km.
Discrete-time linear-quadratic optimal tracking problem using future desired output values
- Author(s): J. Karpinský ; T. Beneš ; V. Hlavatý ; V. Rozkošný ; P. Sajal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 316 –318
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790224
- Type: Article
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The use of several known future values of desired output can considerably reduce the tracking error. The problem is reduced to a standard regulator problem. The linear time-invariant control law fits well high-speed and/or high-accuracy anticipatory tracking systems with computer (microprocessor) control.
Switched-capacitor transconductance elements and gyrators
- Author(s): T.R. Viswanathan ; J. Vlach ; K. Singhal
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 318 –319
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790225
- Type: Article
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–319
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The use of switched capacitors to realise conductances in m.o.s. integrated circuits is well established. The objective here is to describe a technique for realising transconductance elements using switched-capacitors and unity-gain buffers. The application of these elements to the realisation of a gyrator is presented and experimental results are discussed.
Estimation of linearly constrained parameters via the Kalman filter
- Author(s): J.E. Hudson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 319 –320
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790226
- Type: Article
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p.
319
–320
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The estimation of a least-squares parameter (or state) vector in a standard model is extended to the least-squares estimation of a linearly constrained vector. It is shown that the required pseudoinverses can be computed recursively, and, with suitable initialisation, a standard Kalman filter will provide the same estimates. The resulting recursion is a powerful starting point in the design of adaptive communications filters and antennas.
Meander-channel c.c.d. (m.c.c.d.) recursive filter
- Author(s): Y. Miyamoto ; K. Tanikawa ; H. Sei ; S. Kato
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 320 –321
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790227
- Type: Article
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A modified input-weighting concept for a c.c.d. recursive filter is proposed; it has been implemented using an m.c.c.d. with a complementary input scheme which provides net weighting coefficients. This improved structure requires neither operational amplifiers nor resistors. The operation and performance of the fabricated 2nd-order bandpass filter are presented.
Modulation transfer function for the acoustic microscope
- Author(s): Abdullah Atalar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 321 –323
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790228
- Type: Article
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–323
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A simple method to measure the modulation transfer function of an acoustic microscope is described. Theoretical results are compared with experimental measurements. An explanation of ‘shadowing’ found in acoustic images is given.
Charge storage in s.a.w. memory correlators
- Author(s): M. El-Nokali and E.L. Adler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 323 –324
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790229
- Type: Article
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p.
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–324
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A general formula, that takes into account the recombination of the minority carriers in the neutral region, is given for the stored charge in a p+-n s.a.w. memory correlator operated in the parametric mode.
Low-barrier-height epitaxial Ge-GaAs mixer diodes
- Author(s): A. Christou ; J.E. Davey ; Y. Anand
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 324 –325
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790230
- Type: Article
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Using a thin Ge-GaAs structure, barrier height lowering of 0.2–0.3 eV has been attained. These X-band diodes have a noise figure of 6.0–6.5 dB at 0.75–1.0 mW of local-oscillator power. The diodes have superior power-handling capability with Pt-Ti-Mo-Au metallisation.
Photoacoustic microscope
- Author(s): M. Luukkala and A. Penttinen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 325 –326
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790231
- Type: Article
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–326
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Photoacoustic effects can be used to generate microscopic light absorption images of various samples, even of the surfaces of thick nontransparent materials. The technique is sensitive to structures immediately beneath the surface as well. Resolution of a few micrometres is easily obtained by using standard microscopic objectives.
11 GHz and 12 GHz multiwatt internal matching for power GaAs f.e.t.s
- Author(s): Yoichiro Takayama ; Tadayuki Ogawa ; Yoichi Aona
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 326 –328
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790232
- Type: Article
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326
–328
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Multiwatt internal-matching techniques for multichip power GaAs f.e.t.s at 11 GHz and 12 GHz bands have been developed, adopting a lumped-element input circuit and a semidistributed output circuit. The internally matched device for the 11 GHz band exhibits 4 W power output with 3.4 dB associated gain, and the 12 GHz device 3.6 W power output with 3 dB associated gain.
General relations for nonperiodic bandlimited signals in three-dimensional electron flow
- Author(s): Peter Proksch
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 328 –329
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790233
- Type: Article
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p.
328
–329
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Relations for bandlimited signals in electron flow are presented that may be considered as a generalisation of power relations for sinusoidal signals. Inequalities defining limiting values for the power densities are obtained when signals exist in three frequency bands only which correspond to the frequencies in a parametric amplifier.
Adaptive observer for systems with pure time delay
- Author(s): Zenta Iwai and Yoshinori Kawasaki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 329 –331
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790234
- Type: Article
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–331
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This note is concerned with the application of adaptive techniques for simultaneous parameter identification and state estimation to the design of an adaptive observer for systems having unknown pure time delay and parameters.
Performance degradation of decision-directed c.p.s.k. demodulator due to uncompensated time delay of decision circuitry
- Author(s): S.G. Glišić
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 11, p. 331 –332
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790235
- Type: Article
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The influence of the uncompensated time delay incurred in the nonoptimum symbol decision filter on the error performance of a decision-directed c.p.s.k. demodulator is considered. An iterative method for the probability of bit error computation is used.
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