Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 15, Issue 10, 10 May 1979
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Volume 15, Issue 10
10 May 1979
Relationship of differential reflectivity to correlation in dual-polarisation radar
- Author(s): G.C. McCormick
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 265 –266
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790188
- Type: Article
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p.
265
–266
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A comparison is made between the differential-reflectivity technique and the correlation technique in dual-polarisation radars. It is shown that the two techniques can provide equivalent information.
New semiconductor active device: the conductivity-controlled transistor
- Author(s): A. Caruso ; P. Spirito ; G. Vitale
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 267 –268
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790189
- Type: Article
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p.
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–268
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A new semiconductor 3-terminal device has been realised in which a majority-carrier current, flowing in a N+-N-N+ structure, is controlled by a minority-carrier current supplied by a forward-biased P+-N junction. The properties of this device are presented and discussed in terms of a physical model.
Dual-mode transmission technique for chinese ideographs in a teletext system
- Author(s): P.C.K. Kwok and J.P.K. Lai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 268 –269
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790190
- Type: Article
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–269
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With the evolution of large and inexpensive read-only memories, code transmission of Chinese characters is becoming feasible. It is shown that by the combinational use of code transmission and pattern transmission a low-cost high-speed teletext system for use with Chinese characters can be realised.
Dispersion in graded single-mode fibres
- Author(s): A.W. Snyder and R.A. Sammut
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 269 –271
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790191
- Type: Article
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–271
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The normalised frequency for zero waveguide dispersion of the HE11 mode, called VOD, is highly dependent on profile shape. The more the profile departs from a step, the greater the increase of VOD above the effective single-moded region until, for example, VOD becomes infinite for profiles that fall off at a rate greater than or equal to the parabola.
Variance noise and temperature fluctuations in semiconductors
- Author(s): S. Rahal and A. Chovet
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 271 –273
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790192
- Type: Article
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–273
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Experimental evidence is given which shows that very small temperature fluctuations are able to explain the variance noise, as well as the slopes of the power spectral density between 1.2 and 2, often observed from the low-frequency fluctuations in semiconductors.
Multilevel code for high information rates
- Author(s): D. Munoz-Rodriguez
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 272 –273
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790193
- Type: Article
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p.
272
–273
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A multilevel line code (4L7-4) suitable for transmission on a 1.2/4.4 mm coaxial cable at information rates in excess of 140 Mb/s is presented. 4L7-4 is a transparent code with bounded digital sum variation and provides adequate timing information and good monitoring capabilities.
Spectral loss characteristics of GeO2-P2O5-doped silica graded-index fibres in long-wavelength band
- Author(s): T. Edahiro ; M. Horiguchi ; K. Chida ; Y. Ohmori
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 274 –275
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790194
- Type: Article
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–275
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Spectral loss characteristics of GeO2-P2O5-doped silica graded-index fibres were investigated in the long-wavelength band. A broad absorption loss, increasing in proportion to the OH-ion concentration, was observed in the vicinity of 1.60 μm wavelength.
Stigmatically focusing grating coupler
- Author(s): M. Miler and M. Skalsky
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 275 –276
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790195
- Type: Article
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p.
275
–276
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A grating coupler that couples out a spherical wave (stigmatic beam) from a planar optical waveguide is experimentally demonstrated. This kind of grating coupler is formed ho-lographically using two cylindrical waves with mutually perpendicular focal lines.
Quadratic phase error loss in circular apertures
- Author(s): A.W. Love
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 276 –277
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790196
- Type: Article
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p.
276
–277
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A very simple expression in closed form has been derived for the loss in gain of a circular aperture suffering quadratic phase error. It is applicable to amplitude distributions that can be approximated by a truncated Gaussian form that tapers to any arbitrary edge value.
High-power pulsed GaAs double-drift hybrid-read impatt diodes for X-band
- Author(s): J.J. Berenz ; J. Kinoshita ; T.L. Hierl ; F.B. Fank
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 277 –278
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790197
- Type: Article
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p.
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–278
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Gallium-arsenide double-drift hybrid-Read Impatt diodes have been developed to deliver high peak and average powers in X-band. A peak power output of 35 W with 20% efficiency has been obtained at 8.3 GHz for 20% duty cycle. Peak power output of 32 W with 20% efficiency has been obtained at 8·6 GHz for a 25% duty cycle. Peak power output of 26 W with 21.5% efficiency has been obtained at 8.6. GHz for 33% duty cycle.
Dispersion-free single-mode fibre transmission experiments up to 1.6 Gbit/s
- Author(s): Jun-Ichi Yamada ; Susumu Machida ; Tatsuya Kimura ; Hisao Takata
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 278 –279
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790198
- Type: Article
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p.
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–279
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Long-span single-mode fibre transmission experiments at 1.3 μm have been refined toward higher digit rate and longer fibre span. Error-rate against receiving optical level characteristics showed that optical power penalties at 100 Mbit/s, 1.2 Gbit/s and 1.6 Gbit/s are negligible, even after 30 km, 23 km and 13 km fibre transmission, respectively.
Two-dimensional inverse filter using floating-gate tapped c.c.d.s
- Author(s): T. Enomoto ; M. Yasumoto ; K. Watanabe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 280 –281
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790199
- Type: Article
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p.
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A two-dimensional inverse filter has been implemented using floating-gate tapped c.c.d.s. The least-mean-square criterion was applied to obtain tap gains. Filter responses in both frequency and time domains were examined. Results confirm that the two-dimensional inverse filter can effectively eliminate both intersymbol and crosschannel interferences.
Confined guided modes in W-fibre with square core
- Author(s): V.V. Cherny
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 281 –282
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790200
- Type: Article
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p.
281
–282
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For the first time, confined propagation of guided optical modes in W-fibre with square core that has a higher refractive index is proposed and analysed. The method of calculation for characteristic guided modes and prospective applications is presented.
Increase of inverse beta of Si transistors due to low-temperature treatments
- Author(s): Mariano Aceves and L. don Kendall
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 282 –283
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790201
- Type: Article
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p.
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–283
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Transistors having diffused phosphorus emitters were treated at temperatures of 750° and 1100°C, At 1100°C, the direct and inverse beta both increase approximately as the square root of time. At 750°C, the inverse beta improves much more rapidly than the direct beta, and this is attributed primarily to a reduction of the concentration gradient in the base. This will decrease the inverse base transit time and allow i.i.l. transistors to operate at higher frequencies.
Integrated bistable optical device using mach-zehnder interferometric optical waveguide
- Author(s): Hiromasa Ito ; Yoh Ogawa ; Humio Inaba
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 283 –285
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790202
- Type: Article
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p.
283
–285
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An integrated mirrorless bistable optical device based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometric optical switch has been proposed and demonstrated experimentally using a Ti: LiNbO3 waveguide. The resulting device is capable of combining more than two of them to realise multifunctional optical devices such as optical multivibrators.
High-bit-rate pulse regeneration and modulation of injection lasers with a planar Gunn device
- Author(s): G. Deutsch ; G. Lindner ; K. Lübke ; H.W. Thim
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 285 –286
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790203
- Type: Article
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p.
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–286
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A simple circuit with a Schottky-barrier-gate Gunn device is presented, which works as a pulse regenerator and modulator for laser diodes. Modulation depth and bias voltages of both Gunn device and laser are separately adjustable, allowing quick adaption for different laser diodes. The circuit was tested with a p.c.m. word at 1.5 Gbit/s.
Polar-loop transmitter
- Author(s): V. Petrovic and W. Gosling
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 286 –288
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790204
- Type: Article
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p.
286
–288
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A new approach to the design of s.s.b. transmitters, which overcomes the problems of the present-day transmitters, is proposed. This is based on the generation of r.f. energy at channel frequency and the use of a feedback control system to regulate the output spectrum of the transmitter so that it approximates arbitrarily closely to that of a low-level s.s.b. signal generated in a conventional way. The principles of design are applicable to all frequencies and power levels, and also readily adaptable to other modes of modulation.
Filters for data transmission with minimum intersymbol interference
- Author(s): B.M. Djurich and Č.M. Živaljevich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 288 –289
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790205
- Type: Article
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p.
288
–289
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Lowpass filters for data transmission with and without finite imaginary-axis transfer zeros are considered. The transfer-function poles adjust the equidistance between the rectangular pulse response zeros and the minimum intersymbol interference is automatically attained. The improvement in filter selectivity is provided by the imaginary-axis zeros.
Ultraspherical tapers
- Author(s): P.A. Massaro and V. Picciarelli
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 289 –290
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790206
- Type: Article
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p.
289
–290
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Tapered transmission lines for impedance matching at microwave frequencies are obtained from quarter-wave transformers using ultraspherical polynomials. It is shown that a free parameter can be suitably chosen so as to optimise energy transmission.
Resolution of spreading-resistance measurements on shallow layers
- Author(s): S.A. Abbasi and A. Brunnschweiler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 290 –292
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790207
- Type: Article
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p.
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–292
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The limited spatial resolution of spreading-resistance measurements made on shallow diffused layers is demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically. This effect seems to have been overlooked in the literature and may account for the discrepancies that are sometimes observed in profiles derived from spreading-resistance data obtained from bevelled surfaces.
Characteristic function for quasielliptic filters
- Author(s): Branko D. Rakovich and Miodrag V. Popovich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 292 –293
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790208
- Type: Article
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p.
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–293
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The characteristic function of a new class of sharp-cutoff filters is derived in closed form. The magnitude response of these filters has the same transition bandwidth as the elliptic filters, and its attenuation poles can easily be adjusted to produce either equal-ripple or general stopband attenuation.
Liquid-crystal light deflector
- Author(s): A. Sasaki and T. Ishibashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 293 –294
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790209
- Type: Article
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p.
293
–294
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It is shown experimentally that the cell with an n-type nematic liquid crystal may have two functions, light deflection and shutter, and that the cell with a reflective coating film may deflect a light beam about twice the angle achieved with a transmission type of cell.
Measurement of refractive-index profile of optical-fibre preform
- Author(s): P.L. Chu and T. Whitbread
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 295 –296
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790210
- Type: Article
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p.
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–296
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An experimental system for nondestructive measurement of the refractive-index profile of an optical fibre preform is reported. The result shows that the profile does not significantly change from the preform stage to fibre stage.
1/f phase noise in quartz s.a.w. devices
- Author(s): T.E. Parker
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, page: 296 –296
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790211
- Type: Article
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It has been observed that s.a.w. delay lines made on ST-cut quartz are the major source of 1/f noise in s.a.w. controlled oscillators. However, with proper treatment of the quartz surface, the 1/f noise can be significantly reduced. A modified expression for calculating the single-sideband f.m. noise power spectrum of s.a.w. oscillators is presented.
Birefringence in optical fibres with elliptical cross-section
- Author(s): M.J. Adams ; D.N. Payne ; C.M. Ragdale
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 298 –299
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790212
- Type: Article
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A comparison is made between various approximations for the phase delay between orthogonally polarised modes in elliptical optical fibres. A more accurate analysis is presented which gives a lower value for the birefringence produced by a given ellipticity. The effect on fibre bandwidth is shown to be small compared with that resulting from stress birefringence.
Analogue optical transmission of 26 t.v. channels
- Author(s): C. Baack ; G. Elze ; G. Großkopf ; F. Kraus ; W. Krick ; L. Küller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 300 –301
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790213
- Type: Article
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Twenty-six t.v. channels have been transmitted over a 1 km single-mode fibre using direct intensity modulation of a GaAlAs laser diode. The key performances of the optical link and the frequency division multiplexer are given.
Dynamic amplifier for m.o.s. technology
- Author(s): M.A. Copeland and J.M. Rabaey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 15, Issue 10, p. 301 –302
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19790214
- Type: Article
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This letter will demonstrate the feasibility of replacing the static operational amplifiers in switched-capacitor m.o.s. circuits by a simple group of switches that acts as a dynamic amplifier. The method is applicable to m.o.s. and c.m.o.s. active-filter circuits such as the ladder filter and biquad, and promises to save static power and chip area by eliminating static o.a.s, as well as reducing 1/f noise.
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