Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 13, Issue 24, 24 November 1977
Volumes & issues:
-
Volume 59 (2023)
-
Volume 58 (2022)
-
Volume 57 (2021)
-
Volume 56 (2020)
-
Volume 55 (2019)
-
Volume 54 (2018)
-
Volume 53 (2017)
-
Volume 52 (2016)
-
Volume 51 (2015)
-
Volume 50 (2014)
-
Volume 49 (2013)
-
Volume 48 (2012)
-
Volume 47 (2011)
-
Volume 46 (2010)
-
Volume 45 (2009)
-
Volume 44 (2008)
-
Volume 43 (2007)
-
Volume 42 (2006)
-
Volume 41 (2005)
-
Volume 40 (2004)
-
Volume 39 (2003)
-
Volume 38 (2002)
-
Volume 37 (2001)
-
Volume 36 (2000)
-
Volume 35 (1999)
-
Volume 34 (1998)
-
Volume 33 (1997)
-
Volume 32 (1996)
-
Volume 31 (1995)
-
Volume 30 (1994)
-
Volume 29 (1993)
-
Volume 28 (1992)
-
Volume 27 (1991)
-
Volume 26 (1990)
-
Volume 25 (1989)
-
Volume 24 (1988)
-
Volume 23 (1987)
-
Volume 22 (1986)
-
Volume 21 (1985)
-
Volume 20 (1984)
-
Volume 19 (1983)
-
Volume 18 (1982)
-
Volume 17 (1981)
-
Volume 16 (1980)
-
Volume 15 (1979)
-
Volume 14 (1978)
-
Volume 13 (1977)
-
Volume 12 (1976)
-
Volume 11 (1975)
-
Volume 10 (1974)
-
Volume 9 (1973)
-
Volume 8 (1972)
-
Volume 7 (1971)
-
Volume 6 (1970)
-
Volume 5 (1969)
-
Volume 4 (1968)
-
Volume 3 (1967)
-
Volume 2 (1966)
-
Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 13, Issue 24
24 November 1977
Large-time-bandwidth-product correlation and holographic storage with an s.a.w. storage correlator
- Author(s): H.C. Tuan and G.S. Kino
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 709 –710
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770500
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
709
–710
(2)
High-resolution (375 Hz) spectrum analysis has been performed by correlating long signals during the read-in process. In a ZnO-on-Si storage correlator a new holographic storage technique is demonstrated to achieve chirp compression with large compression ratio (̃8000) and improved dynamic range.
Measurement of field strength for mobile services at v.h.f. and u.h.f. for the city of Melbourne
- Author(s): J. Steel and R.A. Court
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 710 –712
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770501
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
710
–712
(3)
A series of field-strength measurements at both v.h.f. and u.h.f. has been taken in Melbourne to assist in the introduction of mobile-radio-telephone services. These results have been analysed and the results are presented. A comparison is made with curves obtained from Okumura.
Radiation of discrete beams from curved single-mode fibres
- Author(s): C.G. Someda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 712 –713
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770502
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
712
–713
(2)
A new attempt to explain the phenomenon of discrete radiation from bent single-mode fibres is presented. It is suggested that the set of radiated beams is an interference pattern of the radiation fields of more ‘whispering-gallery’ modes propagating along the fibre coil.
Grounded-capacitor bandpass filter using the operational-amplifier pole
- Author(s): R. Nandi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 713 –715
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770503
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
713
–715
(3)
A configuration for realising a 2nd-order bandpass filter based on the single-pole roll-off characteristics of the operational amplifier with a single grounded external capacitor is presented. The filter has low sensitivity to all the circuit parameters. Experimental results verify its suitability in high-frequency applications with moderately high selectivity. Independent control of centre frequency, frequency selectivity and midband gain is possible.
Interdiffusion effects of heat treatment on GaxIn1-xSb diodes metallised with gold
- Author(s): J.M. Peransin and E. Groubert
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 715 –716
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770504
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
715
–716
(2)
A thick gold deposition has been used for metallic contact to GaxIn1-xSb. On a diode arrangement, the interdiffusion of these elements has been studied with heat treatment at 200°C. Only Ga and In diffuse out of the initial interface into the gold top layer, where they form stable compounds. The depth distribution profiles show that the microalloying takes the form of a layered structure of fixed intermetallic phases.
New 1024-element charge-coupled linear image sensor with high sensitivity
- Author(s): Nobuo Suzuki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 716 –717
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770505
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
716
–717
(2)
A 1024-element charge-coupled linear image sensor with a new integration site array has been developed. The individual site consists of a photodiode and an m.o.s. capacitor. This arrangement results in high sensitivity and low dark-current signal.
Numerical analysis of small practical feed elements in a ground plane
- Author(s): P. Balling and J. Jacobsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 717 –719
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770506
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
717
–719
(3)
A new approach to the numerical analysis of circular-waveguide feed elements in a ground plane is proposed. The feed element may protrude from the ground plane, and a finite wall thickness is taken into account. The method utilises both the method of moments and the geometrical theory of diffraction.
New multifunction biquadratic filter circuit with inherently stable Q-factor
- Author(s): L. Brown and A.S. Sedra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 719 –721
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770507
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
719
–721
(3)
A new 3-amplifier biquad of the 2-integrator-loop type is introduced. Like the Akerberg-Mossberg circuit, the new circuit exhibits extremely stable Q-factor if the amplifiers have good matching and tracking properties. In addition, the new circuit provides simultaneous realisation of the three basic filtering functions, and hence is suitable for use as a universal filtering module.
Compact optical isolator for near-infrared radiation
- Author(s): Atsushi Shibukawa ; Akinori Katsui ; Hidetoshi Iwamura ; Shintaro Hayashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 721 –722
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770508
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
721
–722
(2)
Compact Faraday rotation isolators have been developed for near-infrared radiation. Two types of Faraday rotators were used: one was composed of two permanent magnets, the other of a closed magnetic circuit with a permanent magnet. 2.0 dB insertion loss and 30 dB isolation ratio at 1.15 μm wavelength have been obtained.
Computing the invariant zeros of multivariable systems
- Author(s): Y. Shamash
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 722 –723
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770509
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
722
–723
(2)
A computational procedure is given for computing the invariant zeros of equal-input/equal-output systems. The algorithm is conceptually simple and computationally easy.
Temperature compensation of cavity-stabilised Gunn oscillators
- Author(s): R. Knöchel and K. Schunemann
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 723 –724
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770510
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
723
–724
(2)
A temperature-compensation method is described, which uses two compensators instead of one, to improve the frequency stability of cavity-stabilised Gunn oscillators. It is particuarly useful if very high frequency stability must be obtained.
Effects of delay and uncertainty on control-system performance
- Author(s): A. Thowsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 724 –726
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770511
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
724
–726
(3)
It is shown that, when an optimal control law is implemented with a delay in the state information to the controller, better control-system performance can be obtained with inaccurate (uncertain) state observations.
Novel method of diameter control in optical-fibre drawing process
- Author(s): Katsuyuki Imoto ; Satoshi Aoki ; Masao Sumi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 726 –727
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770512
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
726
–727
(2)
A novel method for controlling fibre diameter is devised, utilising the phenomenon that slight changes of gas flow in the fibre-drawing-machine furnace cause rapid variations in optical-fibre diameter. Resultant diameter fluctuations are reduced to ±05% for fibre lengths of over 1 km.
Polar-vector representations of edges in pictures
- Author(s): B.G. Batchelor and S.G. Laing
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 727 –729
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770513
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
727
–729
(3)
By representing an edge in a picture by a sequence of polar vectors, we obtain a compact and versatile description that readily lends itself to a variety of picture processing operations, including edge smoothing, finding the convex hull, measuring area and perimeter and skeletonising/grassfire algorithms.
Measurement of the effective relative permittivity of unshielded coplanar waveguides
- Author(s): E. Mueller
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 729 –730
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770514
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
729
–730
(2)
The dependence of the effective relative permittivity of coplanar waveguides is measured as a function of frequency in the frequency range from 3–12 GHz and is compared with the computed values.
Mucroer polynomials in passive-filter design
- Author(s): M. Biey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 730 –732
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770515
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
730
–732
(3)
The application of MUCROER (multiple critical root equal ripple) polynomials to the synthesis of LC lowpass ladder filters is investigated. Through an example, it is shown that MUCROER polynomials do not allow as great a tolerance to the components as Chebyshev polynomials do.
Codes from cubic residues
- Author(s): V.K. Bhargava
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, page: 732 –732
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770516
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
732
(1)
Following previous work on the construction of codes from cubic residues, we outline a general method for the construction of BBH (Bell-Brauer-Hadamard) matrices.
Interference-rejection filter using charge-coupled devices
- Author(s): J. Carver and G.S. Hobson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 732 –734
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770517
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
732
–734
(3)
An application of c.c.d. is described to realise a multiple-notch filter which can be made to track and remove a periodic interfering signal and its harmonics. It is shown that, to first order, the filter notches are not dependent on incomplete charge transfer.
Triple-ball connector for optical fibres
- Author(s): P. Hensel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 734 –735
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770518
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
734
–735
(2)
A demountable fibre connector which uses two interlocking sets of three balls to locate the fibres accurately and simultaneously to align the two parts of the connector has been constructed. The samples tested so far, using Corning stepindex fibre, have shown average losses of less than 0.2 dB with index matching and less than 0.5 dB without. The connector is cheap, easy to make and could be assembled in the field.
Novel position sensor for magnetic suspension
- Author(s): J.W. Finch and M.J. Crawford
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 735 –736
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770519
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
735
–736
(2)
A sensor is described for use with an electromagnet to position a ferromagnetic object. The sensor operates via the interaction between the magnet current and the magnetic circuit formed with the controlled object. A well damped suspension system can result by using suitable electronics.
Nondestructive measurement of index profile of an optical-fibre preform
- Author(s): P.L. Chu
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 736 –738
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770520
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
736
–738
(3)
A simple and fast nondestructive method of measuring the index profile of an optical-fibre preform is presented. In this method, a laser beam is shone perpendicularly to the preform axis, and the exit angle of its backscattered ray is recorded as a function of the distance of the incident ray from the horizontal axis. A numerical integration involving these exit angles gives the profile.
Spectrum analysis with a c.c.d. delay line
- Author(s): J.S. Heeks ; J.D. Jackson ; G.R. Adams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 738 –739
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770521
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
738
–739
(2)
A novel form of c.c.d. spectrum analyser is described which functions by performing the discrete Fourier transform. The approach is based on the coherent-memory-filter principle and is well suited to Doppler processing. Results are given for a 10 kHz analyser with 200 Hz resolution.
Monolithic, programmable analogue c.c.d. transversal filter
- Author(s): P.B. Denyer ; J.W. Arthur ; J. Mavor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 739 –741
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770522
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
739
–741
(3)
A 64-point monolithic, fully programmable analogue c.c.d. transversal filter has been produced. The design principles and limitations of this approach are discussed, and results are presented for the filter acting as a chirp-waveform correlator and for other filtering functions.
Dispersive propagation in surface-acoustic-wave pulse-compression filters
- Author(s): D.P. Morgan and J.M. Deacon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 741 –742
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770523
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
741
–742
(2)
The phase response of a dispersive interdigital delay line is shown to be affected by dispersion of the surface wave. A device with a time–bandwidth product of 850 and a nonlinear group-delay characteristic gave results consistent with dispersion due to mass loading and topographic effects.
Rigorous analysis of crosspolarisation in flange-mounted rectangular-waveguide radiators
- Author(s): A.R. Jamieson and T.E. Rozzi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 742 –744
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770524
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
742
–744
(3)
A rigorous Nh-order Rayleigh-Ritz variational solution to the problem of a flange-mounted rectangular waveguide radiating into a halfspace is formulated. The analysis shows the importance of including higher-order modes whose electric fields are polarised orthogonally to the dominant mode. The mechanism of coupling from the dominant mode to the higher-order modes is discussed and numerical results for the aperture admittance are given.
Novel technique for the measurement of differential mode attenuation in graded-index fibres
- Author(s): M. Eve
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 744 –745
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770525
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
744
–745
(2)
A novel technique for the determination of differential mode attenuation in a graded-index fibre is presented. Its originality lies in its experimental simplicity and small data processing involved.
Notch-front diodes for millimetre-wave integrated circuits
- Author(s): M.V. Schneider and E.R. Carlson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 745 –747
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770526
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
745
–747
(3)
A new diode chip is described which has lower parasitics and a smaller series resistance than conventional millimetre-wave diodes. A subharmonically pumped mixer built with a pair of these notch-front diodes has shown a single sideband mixer noise figure of 5 dB and a mixer noise temperature of 400 K at a signal frequency of 95 GHz.
Normally-off Al0.5Ga0.5As heterojunction-gate GaAs f.e.t.
- Author(s): H. Morkoc ; S.G. Bandy ; G.A. Antypas ; R. Sankaran
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 747 –748
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770527
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
747
–748
(2)
D.C. microwave and large-signal switching properties of a normally-off heterojunction-gate GaAs f.e.t. are reported. The device structure comprises an n-type active channel layer, a p-type Al0.5Ga0.5 As gate layer and a p+-type GaAs contact layer. The gate structure is obtained by selectively etching the p-type GaAs and Al0.5Ga0.5As. Undercutting of the Al0.5Ga0.5 As layer results in a submicrometre gate length, and the resulting p+-GaAs overhang is used to self align the source and the drain with respect to the gate. GaAs f.e.t.s with 0.5 to 0.7μ-long heterojunction gates have exhibited maximum available power gains of about 9 dB at 2 GHz. Large-signal pulse measurements indicate an intrinsic propagation delay of 40 ps with an arbitrarily chosen 100Ω drain load resistance in a 50Ω microstrip circuit.
Intermediate ternary code: a redundancy-reducing runlength code for digital facsimile transmission
- Author(s): U. Rothgordt and G. Renelt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 749 –750
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770528
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
749
–750
(2)
Improvements of the i.t.c. (intermediate ternary code) are presented, which yield a better compression ratio, as well as a higher resistivity to transmission errors, than the original version of the i.t.c. Special attention has been paid to the line synchronisation signal.
Measurements of depolarisation and attenuation at 11.7 GHz by using the Communications Technology Satellite
- Author(s): W.L. Nowland ; J.I. Strickland ; J. Schlesak ; R.L. Olsen
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 750 –751
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770529
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
750
–751
(2)
The letter summarises measurements of depolarisation and attenuation at Ottawa using the circularly polarised CTS beacon. A comparison is made between the experimental data and the theoretical curves relating rain depolarisation and attenuation for different drop-size and canting-angle distributions. For a given attenuation, most of the variation in the depolarisation appears to be due to variations in the cantingangle distribution.
Novel linear regression analyser using analogue c.c.d.
- Author(s): J.W. Arthur ; C.F.N. Cowan ; J. Mavor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 751 –753
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770530
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
751
–753
(3)
Linear regression analysis is normally implemented by using digital computing techniques. The letter presents a system to perform the regression function by using analogue c.c.d. components, giving a real-time output at the sampling rate. Results are presented to illustrate the principles of the system.
Transmission zeros of linear multivariable continuous-time systems
- Author(s): B. Porter and J.J. D'Azzo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 753 –755
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770531
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
753
–755
(3)
For controllable and observable linear multivariable systems, the set of transmission zeros is characterised in terms of the elements of ker [A-λI, B]. This characterisation greatly facilitates the determination of repeated transmission zeros or transmission zeros which coincide with poles of the transfer function matrix G(λ), and is universally applicable regardless of the rank of CB.
Low-loss compound-glass optical fibre
- Author(s): K.J. Beales ; C.R. Day ; W.J. Duncan ; G.R. Newns
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 755 –756
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770532
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
755
–756
(2)
Progress has been made in reducing the losses of optical fibres made from multicomponent glasses by using the doublecrucible technique. This has been achieved by reducing the absorption loss caused by water and transition-metal impurities. The intensity of the OH absorption peak at 960 nm has been reduced to 5 dB/km, and a minimum total loss in fibre form of 3.4 dB/km at 840 nm has been achieved.
Determination of GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t. equivalent-circuit parameters from I/V and 1 MHz measurements
- Author(s): J.M. Borrego ; R.J. Gutmann ; M. Chudzicki ; S. Moghe
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, p. 756 –757
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770533
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
756
–757
(2)
A measurement technique is described for determining the equivalent-circuit parameters of microwave GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t.s from d.c, 1 MHz capacitance and 1 MHz voltage-gain measurements. The equivalent-circuit parameters of a commercially available 1 μm-gate-length GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t. determined with this technique are compared with parameters derived from scattering-parameter measurements made at 2 to 4 GHz.
Erratum: Fibre-optic delay-line devices for r.f. signal processing
- Author(s): C.T. Chang ; J.A. Cassaboom ; H.F. Taylor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, page: 758 –758
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770534
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
758
(1)
Erratum: Simultaneous 20 and 30 GHz attenuation measurements on a satellite-Earth path
- Author(s): R.G. Howell ; J. Thirwell ; N.G. Golfin
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 24, page: 758 –758
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770535
- Type: Article
- + Show details - Hide details
-
p.
758
(1)
Most viewed content for this Journal
Article
content/journals/el
Journal
5
Most cited content for this Journal
-
Extreme multistability in a memristive circuit
- Author(s): Bo-Cheng Bao ; Quan Xu ; Han Bao ; Mo Chen
- Type: Article
-
Absorptive frequency selective surface using parallel LC resonance
- Author(s): Qiang Chen ; Liguo Liu ; Liang Chen ; Jiajun Bai ; Yunqi Fu
- Type: Article
-
Partial spectral search-based DOA estimation method for co-prime linear arrays
- Author(s): Fenggang Sun ; Peng Lan ; Bin Gao
- Type: Article
-
Experimental verification of on-chip CMOS fractional-order capacitor emulators
- Author(s): G. Tsirimokou ; C. Psychalinos ; A.S. Elwakil ; K.N. Salama
- Type: Article
-
54 Gbit/s OOK transmission using single-mode VCSEL up to 2.2 km MMF
- Author(s): G. Stepniak ; A. Lewandowski ; J.R. Kropp ; N.N. Ledentsov ; V.A. Shchukin ; N. Ledentsov Jr. ; G. Schaefer ; M. Agustin ; J.P. Turkiewicz
- Type: Article
