Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 13, Issue 15, 21 July 1977
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Volume 13, Issue 15
21 July 1977
Attenuation due to rain at low elevation angles
- Author(s): R.R. Rogers
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 427 –428
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770309
- Type: Article
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p.
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–428
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Radar data on the reflectivity structure of rain showers were analysed to determine the dependence on elevation angle of attenuation statistics at 13 GHz on satellite propagation paths. For elevation angles between 10° and 30°, It was found that the attenuation occurring at a given probability level varied approximately with the cosecant of the elevation angle. For elevation angles below 10°, it was found that the frequency of occurrence of a given attenuation varied approximately with the cotangent of the elevation angle.
Analysis of a double helix
- Author(s): D. Midgley and R.L. Wallis
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 428 –429
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770310
- Type: Article
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p.
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–429
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An explicit solution is given for the electrostatic potential in a line with two outer conductors, both shaped as helices. The method is notable for a transformation to and from a nonorthogonal co-ordinate system; it is capable of extension to other helical problems.
Determination of P and D parameters of on/off controllers
- Author(s): E.M. Stafford
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 429 –430
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770311
- Type: Article
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p.
429
–430
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Switching times for an/off controller are derived for a static error input and also for a ramp-error characteristic. A controller can hence be designed for specific rate and proportional band values.
C.C.D. spectrum analyser using prime transform algorithm
- Author(s): M.A. Jack ; D.G. Park ; P.M. Grant
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 431 –432
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770312
- Type: Article
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–432
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The design and performance of a spectrum analyser based on the prime transform algorithm and implemented with charge coupled devices is reported. Detailed consideration is included of the hardware reductions possible with this algorithm. Computer simulations are presented that critically compare the performance of the prime transform, chirp-Z-transform and fast Fourier transform algorithms.
Complex radar objects and polarisation dependence of received backscattered echoes
- Author(s): A.J. Poelman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 433 –434
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770313
- Type: Article
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Herein, selected experimental results concerning complex radar-object backscattering and polarisation-dependent receiver responses are presented; in particular the optimum responses that are obtainable. The objects are a boresight tower and an apartment-block conglomerate. The experiments are related to a study of the applicability of adaptive polarisation for the improvement of target detection in clutter.
Computer simulation of charge generation in TRAPATTs
- Author(s): P.A. Blakey
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 434 –435
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770314
- Type: Article
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–435
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Charge production during an avalanche in trapatt diodes is investigated using a comprehensive large signal simulation program. Results for total charge production as a function of applied current density, saturation current density, diode width and temperature are described and compared with the predictions of a recent analysis.
Method of obtaining accurate transistor data for the evaluation of computer models
- Author(s): A. Stevenson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, page: 436 –436
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770315
- Type: Article
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p.
436
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The conventional manual method of obtaining simultaneous, measurements of Vce, Vbe and Ic for transistor modelling requires that the current gain be maintained at a fixed value over a wide range of collector current. A method is presented for accurately maintaining the current gain of the transistor constant to the required accuracy for over more than four decades of collector current.
Dielectric-ring-loaded waveguide feed
- Author(s): A. Kumar and G.A. Hockham
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 436 –437
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770316
- Type: Article
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–437
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A dual-mode waveguide loaded with a dielectric ring has been optimised to give symmetrical field patterns in the E- and H-planes and very low crosspolarisation. The v.s.w.r. and phase patterns are also described. The device satisfies the requirements of a feed for deep reflectors.
Avalanche noise in GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t.s
- Author(s): C. Tsironis and H. Beneking
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 438 –439
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770317
- Type: Article
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–439
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Instabilities in the d.c. characteristics of GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t.s for drain to source voltages greater than 4 V. believed to be due to reloading of traps in the interface between active layer and bulk material, or gunn-domain formation, seem to have their origin in avalanche breakdown of the back diode under the drain contact. Microplasma switching, vertical to the active layer, strongly modulates the drain current producing large broadband noise power.
New phase-sensitive rectifier circuit
- Author(s): S.F. Carter and E.A. Faulkner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 439 –440
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770318
- Type: Article
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The principle of operation of a recent phase-sensitive rectifier demodulator circuit is discussed. The incorporation of this in a commercial lock-in amplifier has allowed the recovery of signals 70 dB below the noise level, while giving an output stability of better than 0·02% full scale per degree kelvin.
Nonlinear profile dispersion aids optimisation of graded-index fibres
- Author(s): S. Geckeler
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 440 –442
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770319
- Type: Article
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440
–442
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The bandwidth of graded-index fibres is limited not only by distortions of the refractive profile, but also by nonlinear profile dispersion caused by the dependence of the profile shape on wavelength. An efficient method is presented here, which helps to understand the interaction of both effects, shows a new way to minimise total dispersion by matching the two effects and simplifies the calculation of pulse broadening in imperfect real fibres.
Low-Loss single-mode fibre at the material-dispersion-free wavelength of 1.27 μm
- Author(s): M. Kawachi ; A. Kawana ; T. Miyashita
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 442 –443
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770320
- Type: Article
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p.
442
–443
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A GeO2-doped silica single-mode optical fibre with a low attenuation loss of 0.5 dB/km at 1.27 μm, where the material dispersion of the silica glass falls to zero, has been made by a C.V.D. technique. Attention was paid to reducing OH absorption losses in the single-mode fibre.
Modified programmable logic array with more product terms
- Author(s): L.A.M. Bennett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 443 –445
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770321
- Type: Article
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443
–445
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Some simple modifications to the basic programmable logicarray structure are described which result in an increase in the number of product terms available. Provided the degree of modification is small, then a worthwhile increase in the number of product terms is obtained with little disadvantage.
Cascaded s.a.w. gratings as passband filters
- Author(s): H.A. Haus and R.V. Schmidt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 445 –446
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770322
- Type: Article
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–446
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A design procedure is given for cascades of grating resonators to construct Tchebysheff, Butterworth, Gaussian, Legendre and other passband filters.
Sequential regression considerations of adaptive filtering
- Author(s): N. Ahmed ; D.L. Soldan ; D.R. Hummels ; D.D. Parikh
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 446 –448
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770323
- Type: Article
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–448
(3)
The purpose of this communication is two-fold. First, we discuss the notion of adaptive filtering via a sequential regression formulation. The related algorithm is referred to as an s.e.r. (sequential regression algorithm). Secondly, it is shown that this formulation also leads to the adaptive digital filter (a.d.f.) algorithms attributed to Widrow, and Stearns.
Intrinsic response time and related quantities describing semiconductor avalanches
- Author(s): B.B. van Iperen and J.J Goedbloed
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 13, Issue 15, p. 448 –449
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19770324
- Type: Article
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–449
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Two definitions of the intrinsic response time of a semi-conductor avalanche are in use which have not yet been very well distingusihed. It is shown that these response times and related quantities, such as the ‘average’ or ‘effective’ ionisation rate α̅, and its field derivative α̅, occur in well defined families. Among other things, it is shown that an accepted expression for α̅ is not consistent with either of these two response times.
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