Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 12, Issue 22, 28 October 1976
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Volume 12, Issue 22
28 October 1976
Easy and accurate method for the characterisation of dielectric materials at X-band
- Author(s): I.D. Higgins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, page: 573 –573
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760437
- Type: Article
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A method of characterising dielectric materials at microwave frequencies is described. The technique overcomes the problem of airgaps in the commonly used ‘filled-cavity’ technique. Results of measurements of the permittivity/temperature characteristics of both quartz and a titanium loaded composite dielectric with a negative slope are presented. The accuracy of the technique is described and a high degree of repeatability demonstrated.
Theory on long time delays, Q-switching and related phenomena in GaAs junction lasers
- Author(s): F.D. Nunes ; N.B. Patel ; J.E. Ripper
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 574 –575
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760438
- Type: Article
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–575
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We present a theory that explains long time delays. Q-switching and related phenomena in GaAs junction lasers, based only on processes known to occur in these lasers.
Experimental 4×4 optical switching network
- Author(s): R.V. Schmidt and L.L. Buhl
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 575 –577
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760439
- Type: Article
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–577
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An optical waveguide 4×4 switching network fabricated by integrating five switched directional couplers with stepped Δβ reversal on a single LiNbO3 substrate is reported. The maximum crosstalk observed on any output waveguide was down by 18 dB.
Compensation of microstrip bends by using square cutouts
- Author(s): D.S. James and R.J.P. Douville
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 577 –579
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760440
- Type: Article
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An alternative to the commonly used technique of mitring for compensation of microstrip bends is described. Experimental data are presented for the case where a square cutout is removed, at either the inner or outer corner of the 90° bend. This approach eases artwork generation.
Dispersionless coupled microstrip over fused silica-like anisotropic substrates
- Author(s): N.G. Alexopoulos ; S. Kerner ; C.M. Krowne
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 579 –580
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760441
- Type: Article
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579
–580
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A Green's function for coupled microstrip with cover over anisotropic substrates has been obtained in integral and series form. It is applied to obtain the even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances and normalised phase velocities for fused silica-like substrates. It is shown that, for certain anisotropies, the transmission lines are dispersionless.
Frequency/stress sensitivity of s.a.w. resonators
- Author(s): J. Fleming Dias ; H. Edward Karrer ; John A. Kusters ; Charles A. Adams
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 580 –582
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760442
- Type: Article
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–582
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Surface-acoustic-wave resonators can be used as stress sensors for measuring force and pressure. Experiments at 160 MHz using rotated y-cut substrates indicate that larger linear changes in resonator frequency can be obtained by deforming the substrate. The s.a.w. transducers, besides being small in size, are also stable in frequency.
V-groove power junction field-effect transistor for v.h.f. applications
- Author(s): T.D. Mok and C.A.T. Salama
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 582 –583
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760443
- Type: Article
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A new high-power, high-frequency junction field-effect transistor with a nonplanar V-shaped channel fabricated by preferential etching of 〈100〉 silicon is described. The structure of this transistor is very simple, requires only three photolithographic masking steps and results in a very high packing density. A device having an effective channel length of 2 μm was fabricated. This transistor exhibits a low-frequency transconductance of 9.6 mS/mm, a cutoff frequency of 0.9 GHz and an output power density of 25 W/mm2 of chip area.
High-resolution guided radar system
- Author(s): N.A. MacKay and D.G. Beattie
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 583 –584
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760444
- Type: Article
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–584
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A high-resolution guided radar system with commercial application in intrusion and obstacle detection is described.
Linearisation of microwave point-contact-detector characteristics
- Author(s): P.A. McGovern
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, page: 585 –585
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760445
- Type: Article
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The characteristics of microwave measuring-grade point-contact detectors can be linearised over a wide dynamic range with a simple circuit with only one adjustable parameter for nonlinearity. The need for matching of detectors is also largely eliminated.
S.A.W. co-ordinate sensor
- Author(s): E. Dieulesaint ; D. Royer ; J.C. Ballegeer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 586 –587
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760446
- Type: Article
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–587
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The co-ordinates of the tip of a pencil lightly pressed on a piezoelectric crystal are deduced from measurements of the time necessary for surface acoustic waves (s.a.w.) to propagate from interdigital transducers to the pencil. Graphs drawn by the pencil moving on the crystal can be stored in a computer at a fast rate. Examples of data acquisition are given.
Better phase-modulation error performance using trellis phase codes
- Author(s): J.B. Anderson and R. De Buda
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 587 –588
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760447
- Type: Article
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–588
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We construct phase codes for use in phase- and frequency-shift modulation. A trellis structure allows simple decoding using the Viterbi algorithm. Even short codes give a large improvement in error performance.
Moments of an output feedback system
- Author(s): Hikaru Inooka
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 588 –589
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760448
- Type: Article
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–589
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The moments of an output feedback system are given explicitly in terms of the moments of the open-loop system and the feedback gain. From these expressions, it is clear that the moments of a high-order system and reduced model are the same under output feedback law provided that they are identical for the open-loop case.
Phase normalised m-sequences with the inphase decimation property {m(k)}={m(2k)}
- Author(s): H. Weinrichter and F. Surböck
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 590 –591
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760449
- Type: Article
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–591
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The inphase decimation property of a binary sequence {f(k)} is defined such that f(k)=f(2k) for all k=0, 1, 2,… Given a primitive generator polynomial G(D) of degree r with its even and odd parts Ge(D) and Go(D), it is shown that there is a unique version of the corresponding m-sequence with this inphase decimation property, resulting as Ge(D)/G(D) if r is odd and Go(D)/G(D) if r is even. An m-sequence in such a phase position is termed the phase normalised version.
ZOGMOST: an improved m.o.s.t. for c.c.d. peripheral circuits
- Author(s): N. Weste and J. Mavor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 591 –592
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760450
- Type: Article
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–592
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An improved formation for m.o.s. transistors fabricated with the ‘shadow-etch’ c.c.d. process is reported. The narrow self-aligned gaps produced by the process are used to provide an additional screen gate, which allows the gate-drain overlap capacitance to be minimised, thereby improving the frequency characteristics of linear and digital m.o.s. circuits. Depending on the gain of the stage involved, an improvement in the frequency performance of up to 5 times is expected, and practical results for the modified m.o.s.t. agree with this prediction.
Bandstop iris for rectangular waveguide
- Author(s): N.G. Paterson and I. Anderson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 592 –594
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760451
- Type: Article
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–594
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A description is given of a bandstop resonant iris for rectangular waveguide. An approximate theory is developed to predict the frequency response of the iris, and predicted results are shown to compare well with measured data.
Detection of shallowly buried objects
- Author(s): R.R. Lentz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 594 –595
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760452
- Type: Article
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p.
594
–595
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Electromagnetic detection of nonmetallic objects buried near the earth's surface is hampered by the strong signal returned from the surface. Pointing a directive antenna forward is shown experimentally to greatly reduce the surface return, thus improving the ability of the system to detect buried targets.
ZnO film concave transducer for focusing radiation of microwave ultrasound
- Author(s): N. Chubachi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 595 –596
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760453
- Type: Article
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p.
595
–596
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A ZnO piezoelectric film has been satisfactorily deposited on a concave substrate of a gold hemispherical shell to produce a concave transducer for microwave ultrasound. The fabrication process of the concave transducer, with a focal distance of 5–9 mm, and also experiments on focusing radiation in water at 100 MHz. are described.
Beam squint in a linearly polarised offset reflector antenna
- Author(s): A.G.P. Boswell and R.W. Ashton
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 596 –597
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760454
- Type: Article
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596
–597
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A beam squint has been found to occur in the field radiated by an offset paraboloid antenna illuminated by a feed with linear polarisation in the plane of offset. The squint, whose existence has been confirmed by computed and measured radiation patterns, occurs in the offset plane, and is typically 0.03 of a beamwidth for a reflector of 6-wavelengths diameter. An assessment is given of the likely effect of the squint on the performance of an offset reflector radiating a circularly polarised field
Inexpensive equipment for driving GaAs lasers with 100 ps risetime pulses
- Author(s): W. Freude and A. Buchholz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, page: 598 –598
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760455
- Type: Article
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A single-stage current amplifier permits 250 Mb/s modulation of a GaAs laser. The compensated 50 ω bias input can be used to inject a 100 ps-risetime pulse, produced by a charged line generator with mercury-wetted reed relays and skin-effect compensated signal delay line.
Class of majority-logic-decodable codes with a minimum distance of 4
- Author(s): S.G.S. Shiva and A. Buchholz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 599 –600
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760456
- Type: Article
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We prove that the (n = 4a2 + 4a + l, k = 4a2) binary code generated by 1+X2a+X2a+1+X4a+1 has a minimum distance of 4 and is 1-step majority-Iogic-decodable.
Room-temperature 1.3 μm c.w. operation of a glass-clad Nd:y.a.g. single-crystal fibre laser end pumped with a single l.e.d.
- Author(s): C.A. Burrus ; J. Stone ; A.G. Dentai
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 600 –602
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760457
- Type: Article
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Room-temperature c.w. laser action at 1.3 μm wavelength has been obtained using single-crystal glass-clad Nd:y.a.g. fibres end pumped with a single high-radiance l.e.d. The fibres were 0.5 cm long, 50 μm in diameter and had a cladding 3 μm thick. Threshold in a nonoptimum configuration was less than twice that at 1.06 μm. Application of a transparent, adherent glass cladding to the crystalline fibre is described.
Cost-function minimisation in RC midseries ladder networks
- Author(s): J. Matacz
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 602 –603
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760458
- Type: Article
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–603
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A complete class of transformed networks obtained by congruent transformation is given and necessary and sufficient conditions for the transformation matrix elements to give nonnegative values of the transformed network components are presented. The minimisation of the transformed network cost function is discussed.
Comment on ‘Electric-field control in planar Gunn-effect device with Schottky-barrier anode’ [and reply]
- Author(s): B.G. Bosch ; O. Wada ; S. Yanagisawa ; H. Takanashi
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, p. 603 –604
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760459
- Type: Article
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–604
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Erratum: Dislocation-limited minority-carrier lifetime in n-type GaP
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 12, Issue 22, page: 604 –604
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19760460
- Type: Article
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