Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 10, Issue 10, 16 May 1974
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Volume 10, Issue 10
16 May 1974
Deterioration of circular-polarisation clutter cancellation in anisotropic precipitation media
- Author(s): A. Hendry and G.C. Mccormick
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 165 –166
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740125
- Type: Article
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Results are presented that show deterioration in the radar clutter cancellation caused by progressive depolarisation of circularly polarised waves in rain and snow. The data were obtained with a 1.8 cm dual-channel polarisation diversity radar. The use of optimum elliptical polarisation in heavy rain shows up to 12 dB improvement in cancellation over that obtained with circular polarisation.
Low-voltage punchthrough injection structure
- Author(s): D. Delagebeaudeuf
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 166 –167
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740126
- Type: Article
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Some new results for low-voltage low-current BARITT oscillators are presented. It is shown that an X band oscillator operating with an applied power as low as 0.1 W and an efficiency near 1% is quite feasible.
Edge diffraction at a curved screen
- Author(s): G.L. James
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 167 –168
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740127
- Type: Article
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An edge-diffraction formulation is given for an astigmatic electromagnetic wave incident on a screen with a curved surface and a curved edge. The result is used to calculate the near field of a paraboloidal reflector under plane-wave illumination, and this is compared with the physical-optics method. An edge-type term valid along the axial caustic is given.
Cellular-array negabinary multiplier
- Author(s): L.S. Houselander
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 168 –169
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740128
- Type: Article
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It is shown that a particular cellular-array multiplication technique used in integrated-circuit multipliers is equivalent to the chequerboard method of John Napier, the 16th-Century mathematician. Further, a cellular-array multiplier based upon the use of ‘negabinary’ numbers is developed. This is a 4-quadrant multiplier, after the style of Napier's chequerboard, that requires no separate circuitry for sign manipulation.
Video integration using charge-coupled devices
- Author(s): J.B.G. Roberts ; M. Chesswas ; R. Eames
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 169 –171
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740129
- Type: Article
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C.C.D. analogue shift registers are shown to promise a convenient method for video integration and bandwidth compression. The performance of an experimental prototype is described.
Oscillator for 2 mm waveband
- Author(s): A.H.W. Beck and C.J. Caldwell-Nichols
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 171 –172
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740130
- Type: Article
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Experimental results on a 2 mm-wave oscillator are reported. The oscillator is of the type using the TE11n modes in a rectangular cavity to interact with a electron beam spiraling round the cavity axis with an angular velocity equal to half the oscillation frequency.
Spurious coupling between length-weighted transducers acoustically connected by means of a multistrip coupler
- Author(s): A.J. Devries
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 172 –173
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740131
- Type: Article
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It is shown experimentally that, between two length-weighted transducers separated from each other by directional coupler, relatively strong direct coupling may be produced by acoustic surface waves that are radiated under an angle with the normal to the transducers. A mechanical barrier reduces this direct coupling substantially. A device is most susceptible to undesirable coupling of this nature if the two transducers have identical structures.
Subjective evaluation of single-channel-per-carrier frequency-modulation system for satellite communication
- Author(s): R.J. Kernot and B.G. Evans
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 173 –175
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740132
- Type: Article
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The capacity advantages already predicted when using single-channel-per-carrier companded frequency modulation on a satellite link are verified in terms of the subjective performance of such a link. The results of subjective tests carried out on a system show an improvement over a conventional satellite circuit containing 10 000 p W0p of noise for almost all talker levels likely to be encountered in practice.
Sandwich-ribbon optical waveguides
- Author(s): P.J.R. Laybourn and C.A. Millar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 175 –176
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740133
- Type: Article
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The preparation of composite-glass-ribbon optical waveguides is described, of which the guiding layer is a thin rectangular filament of lead glass, supported by a soda-lime-glass substrate. Single-mode and multimode guides have been made, and their mode-transmission properties observed.
Determination of system frequency response direct from crosscorrelation functions of sinusoidal signals
- Author(s): J.D. Lamb
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 176 –177
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740134
- Type: Article
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At the present time, two forms of dynamic-analysis instrumentation are available, each based on the principle of crossorrelation, but with applications so far divided into the time domain and the frequency domain. The letter contains an illustration of how the time-domain instrument can be used to provide frequency-response information, and identifies the advantages of doing so.
Flip-flops in functional memory
- Author(s): L.A.M. Bennett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 177 –178
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740135
- Type: Article
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177
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Flip-flops are easily implemented in a functional memory, but make inefficient use of the memory area. The purpose of this letter is to describe a simple method for improving the utilization of the memory area.
Microwave Hall-mobility measurements on vanadium bronze V2O5 (Na0.33V2O5 and Cu0.0083V2O5)
- Author(s): M.M. Sayed and J.H. Perlstein
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 178 –179
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740136
- Type: Article
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The Hall mobilities of two examples of vanadium-bronze are reported using microwave techniques. The hopping conduction mechanism is confirmed for the copper-vanadium-bronze by comparing the d.c. conductivity and mobility to the microwave conductivity and mobility.
Optimisation of digital filters in the discrete space of coefficients
- Author(s): R. Boite ; H. Dubois ; H. Leich
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 179 –180
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740137
- Type: Article
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A method is described for the minimization of the coefficient word lengths for an elliptic digital filter implemented in fixed point by the cascade structure, and some typical examples are given.
New type of variable-frequency RC oscillator
- Author(s): A.K. Bandyopadhyay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 180 –181
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740138
- Type: Article
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A technique of realising a variable-frequency RC oscillator is proposed. The frequency of oscillation is found to be the difference of two RC functions, which permits a very-low-frequency realisation. The frequency variation is obtained by controlling a single resistance in the network.
Operation of 6 GHz f.e.t. amplifier at reduced ambient temperature
- Author(s): P. Bura
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 181 –182
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740139
- Type: Article
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An m.i.c. f.e.t. amplifier was tested at ambient temperatures varying, from 20 to −85°C. A gain increase of 3 dB and noise figure decrease of 1.9 dB were measured over that temperature range.
Powerful 2-part program for solution of nonlinear simultaneous equations
- Author(s): O.P.D. Cutteridge
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 182 –184
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740140
- Type: Article
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A composite program that has proved very effective in solving sets of highly nonlinear equations from a wide range of starting values is outlined. Either first, or first and second, partial derivatives can be used in the first part of the program and two Tables of results are shown for a problem of eight equations in eight unknowns.
Reply to ‘Comment on Calculation of the radiation patterns of reflector antennas, using Kirchhoff integration‘
- Author(s): J. Dijk ; L. Coolen ; E.J. Maanders
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 184 –185
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740141
- Type: Article
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–185
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Dynamic f.m.-discriminator distortion
- Author(s): N.M. Blachman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 185 –186
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740142
- Type: Article
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–186
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The demodulation of an f.m. signal introduces both static and dynamic distortion. This letter presents a 1st-order approximation to the latter, and determines the spectrum of the intermodulation resulting from both effects. This analysis is based on the van der Pol-Stumpers expansion of a filter's response to an f.m. wave.
Analytical small-signal model of the supercritical n+-n-n+ GaAs transferred-electron amplifier
- Author(s): B. KällbÄck
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 187 –188
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740143
- Type: Article
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An analytical small-signal model for the supercritical n+-n-n+ GaAs transferred-electron amplifier has been developed. The model is used to examine the influence of diffusion, bias voltage and ambient temperature and to demonstrate that the n+-n-n+ device is more sensitive to changes in the ambient temperature than is the notch device.
Simple method for the calculation of the characteristic impedance of microstrip
- Author(s): S. John and P. Arlett
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 188 –190
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740144
- Type: Article
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A simple method is introduced whereby the characteristic impedance of striplines may be calculated with reasonable accuracy. The method is an extension of an earlier method introduced by Schwarzmann. Formulas are derived for the characteristic impedance of microstriplines as function of their geometry. The method used is the subdivision of the capacitance associated with a microstripline into three easily calculated components.
Performance of a differential coincidence-type self bit synchroniser at low s.n.r.
- Author(s): N.B. Chakrabarti and R. Gangopadhyay
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 190 –191
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740145
- Type: Article
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The behaviour of a differential coincidence-type self bit synchroniser at low s.n.r. has been examined for both uncorrelated and correlated input noise. It has been found that the performance of this synchroniser is comparable with that of a digital-data-transition tracking loop, and is better than that of an early-late-gate bit synchroniser.
Optimum packet size in a packet-switched data network
- Author(s): J.C. Majithia and R. Bhar
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 191 –193
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740146
- Type: Article
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In packet-switched data networks, overheads are incurred primarily due to two aspects: the protocol, i.e. headers. acknowledgements etc. and blank padding of the partially used packet. In the letter, the overhead factors due to these two sources are derived under certain assumptions. Simulations using exponentially distributed messages have been carried out, and results from these are also presented. It is shown that, under certain conditions, it is possible to have a packet size that minimises the total overheads.
BARITT-diode large-signal performance
- Author(s): J.A.C. Stewart
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 193 –194
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740147
- Type: Article
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p+-n-p+ BARITT diodes have produced maximum output powers of the order of 100 mW. A large-signal computer simulation is used to evaluate the device conductance as a function of the r.f. voltage amplitude, and hence the output power. It is concluded that, to. obtain optimum output power, (a) the n-region doping density should be increased and (b) the chip series resistance should be minimised.
Control circuit for ferrite phase shifter
- Author(s): T.P. Pulford ; R.J. Risk ; C.D. Watkins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 194 –195
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740148
- Type: Article
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A circuit is described that uses a digitally controlled variable-pulse-duration generator to determine the phase setting of a 9 GHz ferrite phase shifter to an accuracy of within ±4°. The circuit incorporates temperature compensation, test facilities and phase information stored in a read-only memory.
Fault location and diagnosis procedure in ring-sum iterative arrays
- Author(s): S. Stevens
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 195 –197
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740149
- Type: Article
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Systematic procedures to detect, locate and disgnose all single-cell failures in rectangular iterative arrays are presented. The maximum number of diagnosis tests, c+5, is linear with the number of columns c of the array. The used cells are of the ring-sum type.
Buried-channel c.c.d. models based on a 1-dimensional analysis
- Author(s): H. El-Sissi and R.S.C. Cobbold
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 198 –199
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740150
- Type: Article
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Based on a simplified 1-dimensional analysis, some physically orientated models of buried-channel c.c.d.s are derived and discussed. For devices with either a constant or stepped oxide, these models lead to a simple expression for the charge-carrying capacity. Further, it is pointed out that the models could form the basis of models that account for dynamic-transfer phenomena.
Duoconical monopole
- Author(s): K.A. Al-Badwaihy
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 199 –201
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740151
- Type: Article
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The current distribution, input admittance and radiation patterns of the duoconical monopole are obtained for different monopole parameters, by solving numerically the axis extended-boundary-condition scalar-potential integral equation by the moment method.
Low-loss glass for optical transmission
- Author(s): G.R. Newns ; K.J. Beales ; W.J. Duncan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 201 –202
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740152
- Type: Article
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Optical losses below the target for an optical-communication system (20 dB/km) are reported for a sodium-borosilicate glass. The glass was prepared in a conventional furnace, and the low loss was obtained by controlling the redox conditions during melting.
Simple method of m.o.s.-transistor threshold-voltage measurement
- Author(s): W. Marciniak and M. Rusek
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 202 –204
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740153
- Type: Article
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A method of m.o.s.-transistor threshold-voltage measurement is described. The method is based on the measurement of the time interval between the pulse that releases the linear voltage ramp applied to the transistor gate, and the pulse of the transient current resulting from the channel formation. This method is particularly useful for investigation of threshold-voltage instabilities.
Electrochemical technique for the continuous automatic plotting of semiconductor donor concentration over large depths
- Author(s): T. Ambridge and M.M. Faktor
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 204 –205
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740154
- Type: Article
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Continuous donor-concentration profiles in GaAs epitaxial layers have been obtained by an automated electrochemical technique. In contrast with other techniques, high doping levels and large thicknesses are easily accommodated, enabling profiles to be measured throughout an epitaxial layer, and to include heavily doped buffer layers, and substrates, to any required depth.
Evaluation of the time distribution of t.v. frame-difference elements
- Author(s): L. Arena and F.A. Cassara
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 205 –206
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740155
- Type: Article
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An evaluation of the time distribution of t.v. frame-difference elements is made, and it is shown from experimental analysis how the probability-density function (p.d.f.) of the number of frame-difference signal pulses (f.d.s.p.) per second can be modelled by the gamma distribution for very large video sequences.
Placement algorithm for logic modules
- Author(s): Ueda Kazuhiro
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, p. 206 –208
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740156
- Type: Article
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The letter presents a placement algorithm that is based on the concepts of assuming an attractive force by ‘friendly components’ and a repulsive force by ‘unfriendly components’ and then allocating each component on a position balanced by these two opposite forces. This algorithm has some prominent features over conventional relaxation (or gravitational) methods.
Erratum: Widerange variable-pulse generator
- Author(s): F. Heutink
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, page: 208 –208
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740157
- Type: Article
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Erratum: Gaussian-filter approximation
- Author(s): A.G.J. Holt and J. Attikiouzel
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, page: 208 –208
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740158
- Type: Article
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Erratum: F.M. click rates
- Author(s): J.H. Roberts
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 10, Issue 10, page: 208 –208
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19740159
- Type: Article
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