Online ISSN
1350-911X
Print ISSN
0013-5194
Electronics Letters
Volume 1, Issue 5, July 1965
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Volume 1 (1965)
Volume 1, Issue 5
July 1965
Detuning effects in parametric amplifiers
- Author(s): K.L. Hughes ; B.S. Lee ; D. Lynes ; J.D. Pearson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 117 –118
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650109
- Type: Article
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–118
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Some detuning effects in parametric amplifiers have been observed when the pump frequency is above and below the optimum value. A possible explanation of these effects is suggested.
Electron detachment in oxygen
- Author(s): A.N. Prasad and J.D. Craggs
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 118 –119
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650110
- Type: Article
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It is found that at high pressures (above 100 mmHg) electron detachment is barely detectable or is absent, while at low pressures (below 100 mmHg) it is measurable. Thus the ionisation and attachment coefficients determined from the high-pressure experiments neglecting detachment appear to be still valid. This effect may account for the discrepancy between the data from (low-pressure) electron-avalanche studies and the (mainly high-pressure) steady-state experiments.
Low-frequency gyrator realisation
- Author(s): P.G. Farrell and M.L. Watkins
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 119 –120
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650111
- Type: Article
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A gyrator realisation consisting of a Hall generator and two negative-resistance circuits is described. The Hall generator is the basic antireciprocal device; the negative resistances are needed to cancel out the effect of the Hall-plate input and output resistances.
Adaptive control system utilising sampling techniques and Aitken's approximation
- Author(s): D. Graupe and G. Cassir
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 120 –122
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650112
- Type: Article
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–122
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A model-reference adaptive control system is described, where adaption is performed by means of sampled signals. Aitken's method of iterative interpolation and extrapolation is employed to predict the performance of the continuous system at the sampling instants. The predicted-performance information is used to compute the strength of adaption impulses by sampled-data analysis techniques.
Parametric amplification of microwave magnetoelastic waves in y.i.g. at room temperature
- Author(s): H. van de Vaart ; M.I. Grace ; R.W. Damon
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, page: 122 –122
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650113
- Type: Article
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The results of a series of experiments are reported, which show parametric amplification in single-crystal yttrium–iron garnet for signal frequencies from approximately 900 to 5000 Mc/s.
Proof of Krishnamurthy and Bodfish's duality theorem
- Author(s): G.H. Stearman
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, page: 123 –123
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650114
- Type: Article
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123
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An alternative proof is presented, based on graphical concepts, of a duality theorem in switching theory propounded by Krishnamurthy and Bodfish.
Logic p.r.b.s. delay calculator and delayed-version generator with automatic delay-changing facility
- Author(s): A.B. Gardiner
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 123 –124
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650115
- Type: Article
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A logic technique for determining the modulo 2 additions necessary to generate any given delay of a pseudorandom binary sequence is described. If the modulo 2 additions are carried out by an odd/even test, it is shown how the delay calculator can be used to automatically change the delay of the delayed version being generated.
Figure of merit for envelope detection of optical signals
- Author(s): D.J. Roulston
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 125 –126
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650116
- Type: Article
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–126
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A figure of merit is defined which may be applied to any of the common types of optical-envelope detectors such as photo-multipliers and photodiodes. It is evaluated for two special groups: (a) when the amplifier noise and dark current are negligible, and (b) when the quantum-noise term is negligible.
Distortion in class a transistor-amplifier circuits
- Author(s): J.B. Izatt
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 126 –127
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650117
- Type: Article
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When designing transistor amplifiers it is often desirable to estimate the distortion which will be introduced by the transistors. This note is concerned with transistors operating in class A conditions in wideband circuits. A simple method is given by which the maximum level of second-harmonic distortion can be calculated, and some measurements which confirm the theory are presented.
Input impedance of a small loop of uniform electric current in an anisotropic cold plasma
- Author(s): G.L. Duff and R. Mittra
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 127 –128
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650118
- Type: Article
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The impedance of a small loop of uniform electric current immersed in a magnetoionic medium is studied for the case of a steady magnetic field normal to the plane of the loop. The quasistatic input impedance is calculated, and a first-order correction term is obtained. The impedance in a uniaxial medium is also given.
Inconsistency of boundary conditions of plasma models in a bounded region
- Author(s): S.W. Lee ; C. Liang ; Y.T. Lo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 128 –129
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650119
- Type: Article
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–129
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In a warm-plasma model, the commonly used boundary condition of a plasma–metal interface is that the normal component of the electron velocity vanishes. This note discusses the inconsistency caused by this condition in plasma-filled waveguides.
Comment on ‘Proof of the Manley–Rowe relations from quantum considerations’ [and reply]
- Author(s): I.P. Valko and J. Brown
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, page: 129 –129
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650120
- Type: Article
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Active Cheby̅shev filters
- Author(s): A.G.J. Holt and R. Linggard
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 130 –131
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650121
- Type: Article
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The synthesis technique described below permits active RC realisation of transfer functions of the type K/(anxn+an−1xn−1+an−2xn−2+ … + a0), where x is the complex transform frequency variable s, or its reciprocal 1/s. This procedure has the advantage that the active devices are nonideal low-gain amplifiers which may be realised quite simply using transistors.
Two-terminal-pair network bisection
- Author(s): J.C. Matheau
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, page: 131 –131
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650122
- Type: Article
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131
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The parallel impedance ZD of the equivalent symmetrical lattice is calculated for a passive two-terminal-pair network which exhibits only vertical symmetry, such a network being generally unbisectable by Bartlett's or Brune's processes.
Measurement of battery noise and resistor-current noise at subaudio frequencies
- Author(s): K.F. Knott
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, page: 132 –132
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650123
- Type: Article
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Using a low-noise low-frequency parametric convertor as a preamplifier, narrowband noise measurements have been carried out on wirewound resistors, two types of dry Leclanché batteries and two types of carbon resistor. Wire-wound resistors and one of the types of battery exhibited no measurable excess noise. An ordinary carbon resistor was found to produce 108 times its thermal noise at 3 c/s when passing 4A. The noise power produced by the second type of battery was linearly related to its current.
Radiation resistance of an elliptical loop antenna with constant current in compressible plasma
- Author(s): S.W. Lee and Y.T. Lo
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 132 –134
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650124
- Type: Article
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The radiation resistance of an elliptical loop antenna with constant current in compressible plasma is found by using a two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic model. The finite but small dimensions of the elliptical wire are taken into consideration in evaluating the contributions from the ion- and electron-plasma modes.
Controllable piecewise-linear lumped neuristor realisation
- Author(s): H. Kunov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, page: 134 –134
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650125
- Type: Article
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An element containing only two transistors and two resistors is shown to have almost ideal properties for use as the nonlinear conductance in a certain class of neuristors. The application to more general classes is proposed.
Pulse propagation along certain lumped nonlinear transmission lines
- Author(s): I. Richer
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 135 –136
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650126
- Type: Article
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A lumped RGC transmission line having a switch in series with G (switch open for voltages greater than some fixed threshold; switch closed otherwise) and a shunt battery-resistor combination in each section is considered. It is shown that, although there exist two distinct resting states for each section, it is not always possible to switch the entire line from one state to the other, and it is never possible to propagate a pulse along such a line. Modifications are suggested in order to obtain pulse propagation.
Generation of a random two-state waveform from a semiconductor microplasma
- Author(s): J. Logan
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 136 –137
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650127
- Type: Article
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–137
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A random-waveform generator has been constructed using microplasma fluctuations in a reverse biased p–n junction. The output consists of a waveform which alternates at random between two states. The times spent in each state are independent and are governed by two parameters—one for each state. The ratio of these parameters and the mean transition rate may be controlled independently over a wide range.
Proof of a switching theorem using analogue logic
- Author(s): R.H. Wilkinson
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, page: 137 –137
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650128
- Type: Article
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An alternative proof is presented of a previously published switching theorem by the use of analogue logic (lattice theory).
Permittivity and loss tangent of pyrolised polyacrylonitrile fibre
- Author(s): M. Ono ; S. Yokokawa ; M. Suzuki
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 137 –139
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650129
- Type: Article
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Microwave absorbers are used to reduce the power scattered in free-space determinations to a negligible level. In this letter the results of permittivity and loss-tangent measurements on absorbing materials of pyrolised polyacrylonitrile fibres are reported.
Solution of hyperbolic differential equations with an analogue computer
- Author(s): J.S. Zielinski
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, page: 139 –139
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650130
- Type: Article
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The solution of hyperbolic differential equations with an analogue computer, based on the method of characteristics, is demonstrated. Application of this method to the solution of the wave equation simplifies the analogue-computer circuit and its operation, and permits the consideration or a wide range of phenomena in the line.
Method for temperature compensation of magnetic elements
- Author(s): P.R. Penchev and D.M. Christemov
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 139 –140
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650131
- Type: Article
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–140
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With the establishment of a mechanical link between components of materials differing in their respective magneto-elastic properties and temperature indexes of linear distension, mechanical pressures take place, which are functually dependent on temperature. The effect of these pressures on the magnetic properties of magnetic conductors or permanent magnets formed in this manner compensates for the variations of magnetic permeability caused by temperature deviations.
Unijunction transistors with tristable current/voltage characteristics
- Author(s): A. Ambroziak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 140 –141
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650132
- Type: Article
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–141
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This letter describes unijunction transistors exhibiting unusual current/voltage characteristics with two independent negative-resistance regions.
Small-signal model of the parallel-plane vacuum diode
- Author(s): J.S. Linder
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 141 –142
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650133
- Type: Article
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–142
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A small-signal model of the parallel-plane vacuum diode is determined by employing the Lindholm–Hamilton systematic modelling theory.
Direct-coupled negative-impedance balanced convertors
- Author(s): A.H. Marshak
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 142 –143
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650134
- Type: Article
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Two new balanced negative-impedance convenors are described. One is of the current-inversion type, and the other is of the voltage-inversion type. From the network models, analytical equations are given which yield the necessary constraints imposed on the choice of circuit elements. Realisations of the network models utilising two complementary junction transistors are also given.
Spectra in angle-modulated waves
- Author(s): H.B.S. Brabham
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 143 –144
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650135
- Type: Article
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A simple method of analysing the spectra of angle-modulated waves directly from modulating functions is sketched. It appears particularly powerful for linear-segment functions such as square waves and telegraph signals. The process is exact, is adaptable to hand or computer calculation, and gives a useful insight into the nature of the results.
Attenuation coefficient of millimetre-wave two-wire surface-wave transmission lines
- Author(s): D. Simonich and T. Koryu Ishii
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 144 –145
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650136
- Type: Article
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The two-wire line is shown to have an attenuation coefficient in millimetre wavelengths which is about the same as the attenuation constant of RG-98/U rectangular waveguide. The attenuation coefficient is also shown to agree with Sommerfeld's equation. The field extent is shown to be of reasonable value.
Complex modes of propagation in dielectric-loaded circular waveguide
- Author(s): P.J.B. Clarricoats and K.R. Slinn
- Source: Electronics Letters, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 145 –146
- DOI: 10.1049/el:19650137
- Type: Article
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Computed results are presented for the two types of complex mode that exist in dielectric-loaded circular waveguide. The frequency dependence of attenuation and phase-change coefficients is shown for various values of dielectric loss. The implications of these results on devices employing this structure are discussed.
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