1D magnetic nanomaterials with iron, with the special physical properties and biological behaviour, have been found to possess the great promising applications in many fields. In this review, the components, structure, physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and in vitro and in vivo biomedical functions of magnetic nanowires (MNWs), nanorods (MNRs) with iron are summarised, especially their anisotropy shape and magnetism result in their many applications in biodetections and medical treatment fields. The potential future functions of these 1D magnetic nanomaterials compared to magnetic nanoparticles also is discussed by highlighting the possibility of integration with other metal‐compositions or bio‐compositions and with existing biotechnology as well as by pointing out their specific properties. Current limitations in the property improvement and issues related with the outcome of the MNRs in the body are also summarised in order to address the remaining challenge for the extended biomedical functions of MNRs in the clinical application field.

The clinical requirements for wound care are increasing daily, and the global wound dressing market is expanding; however, the research and development of new wound dressings are imminent. Natural biomolecules such as polyphenols, have been widely used in this field of vision. Owing to their unique anti‐oxidative, adhesive, antibacterial and other bioactive functions, researchers have developed a series of wound dressings with excellent performance and applied them to a variety of biomaterials, such as hydrogels, nanofibers, films and scaffolds. They can effectively promote angiogenesis and fibroblast migration and proliferation, scavenge active oxygen free radicals, inhibit excessive inflammatory reactions at wound sites and ultimately accelerate wound healing. The authors summarise the latest progress in polyphenol‐derived biomaterials in skin wound repair to provide inspiration for future wound dressing research.

In order to solve the problem of excessive degradation rate and insufficient biocompatibility of magnesium‐based bone implants, a polyphenol (EGCG) induced hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was prepared on the surface of AZ31 alloy. The physical and chemical properties and corrosion resistance of the coating were analysed in depth, and its biocompatibility was preliminarily explored in vitro. The results showed that the polyphenol (EGCG) conversion coating constructed on the AZ31 could successfully induce the formation of HA by complexing the phenolic hydroxyl group with calcium ions. The electrochemical and long‐term immersion experiments showed that the corrosion resistance of EGCG/HA composite coating was significantly improved. The self‐corrosion current density, hydrogen evolution and the increase of pH value of AZ31‐EGCG/HA were significantly lower than those of AZ31. On the basis of inhibiting the excessive corrosion of the substrate, the composite coating significantly improves the compatibility of pre‐osteoblasts, supports the adhesion and spreading and effectively reduces the haemolysis rate to less than 5%. The preparation method of the coating is simple, low cost and suitable for complex shape surfaces, which can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the AZ31 substrate. It is expected to provide a solution for the surface modification of magnesium‐based bone implants.

To improve the tribological characteristics of dimples on the surface of 45 steel, the dimples were filled with MoS₂ and MoS₂ modified by dopamine (MoS₂ @ DA), and ball‐disk friction and wear tests were conducted. Specifically, the dimple filling gap, abrasion depth, and surface cross‐sectional area of 45 steel were measured. The wear morphology of the friction ball and exfoliation of MoS₂ in the dimples and the bending characteristics of the specimens were studied. The surface friction coefficient of MoS₂ @ DA‐filled specimen was 17.9% lower than MoS₂‐filled specimen, and the dimple filling gap was 70.1% lower, the surface abrasion depth was 5.8% lower, and the abrasion cross‐sectional area was 17.7% smaller. Moreover, the bending strength of the MoS₂ @ DA specimen was 3.27 times greater than that of the MoS₂ specimen, and the exfoliation of MoS₂ was slowed by filling with the MoS₂ @ DA. Finally, the tribological characteristics were also superior for the specimens prepared with MoS₂ @ DA.

Selenium (Se), a well‐known essential element in human health, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism owing to its antioxidative nature. However, organic Se compounds are toxic and cannot be used for biomedical applications. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit low biological toxicity and high bioavailability; however, they are prone to aggregation and are extremely unstable, thereby diminishing their bioactivity and bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, ultra‐small, highly stable, and bioactive SeNPs were synthesised based on an in‐situ hybridisation strategy by using polyphenol‐grafted‐chitosan (GA‐CS) to control and restrict crystal growth of Se nanoparticles. The resultant GA‐CS@nSe exhibited an average particle size of ∼30 nm and was highly stable in aqueous solutions. In addition, GA‐CS@nSe displayed improved biocompatibility and enhanced antioxidative activity. Taken together, the authors provide a basis for polyphenol‐mediated construction of Se‐based particles with increased bioactivity.