The early history of amplitude modulation, sidebands and frequency-division-multiplex
The early history of amplitude modulation, sidebands and frequency-division-multiplex
- Author(s): D.G. Tucker
- DOI: 10.1049/ree.1971.0008
For access to this article, please select a purchase option:
Buy article PDF
Buy Knowledge Pack
IET members benefit from discounts to all IET publications and free access to E&T Magazine. If you are an IET member, log in to your account and the discounts will automatically be applied.
Radio and Electronic Engineer — Recommend this title to your library
Thank you
Your recommendation has been sent to your librarian.
- Author(s): D.G. Tucker 1
-
-
View affiliations
-
Affiliations:
1: Department of Electronicand Electrical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
-
Affiliations:
1: Department of Electronicand Electrical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Source:
Volume 41, Issue 1,
January 1971,
p.
43 – 47
DOI: 10.1049/ree.1971.0008 , Print ISSN 0033-7722, Online ISSN 2054-037X
- « Previous Article
- Table of contents
- Next Article »
© The Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers
Published
It is shown that the ideas of f.d.m. originated with Alexander Graham Bell around 1870 and were formulated as an f.d.m. telephone system by Leblanc in 1886. Amplitude modulation of a carrier by speech probably originated also with Leblanc in 1886. The existence of sidebands (or sidetones) was demonstrated experimentally by Mayer in 1875 and theoretically by Rayleigh in 1894, but was not known to the early radio and telephone engineers, being apparently rediscovered in 1915. The main developments up to about 1920 are briefly discussed.
Inspec keywords: frequency division multiplexing; amplitude modulation; telecommunication
Other keywords:
Subjects: Telecommunication
References
-
-
1)
- O.J. Zobel . Theory and design of uniform and composite electric wave-filters. Bell Syst. Tech. J. , 1 - 46
-
2)
- H.S. Black . Stabilized feedback amplifiers. Bell Syst. Tech. J. , 1 - 18
-
3)
- Fessenden, R.A.: 753,863, 8 March 1904, U.S. patents, Filed 28th September 1901.
-
4)
- Stone, J.S.: 726,368; 726,476; 729,103; 729,104;, 1903, U.S. patents, All filed 4th April 1894.
-
5)
- Ruhmer, E.: Belgium, 224,008, 16 March 1910.
-
6)
- E. Ruhmer . (1907) , Wireless Telephony, in Theory and Practice.
-
7)
- B. Gherardi , F.B. Jewett . Telephone repeaters. Trans. Amer. Inst. Elect. Engrs , 1287 - 1345
-
8)
- R.P.G. Denman . (1926) Line Telegraphy & Telephony, Catalogue of the Collections in the Science Museum.
-
9)
- H.S. Black . (1953) , Modulation Theory.
-
10)
- Pickard, G.W.: `Silicon crystal', USA, 836,531, 20 November 1906, Filed 30th August 1906.
-
11)
- J.R. Carson . A theoretical study of the three-element vacuum tube. Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs , 187 - 200
-
12)
- Pupin, M.I.: U.S., 713,044 and 713,045, 4 November 1902, Filed 4th January 1898.
-
13)
- L. DeForest . The audion. Trans. Amer. Inst. Elect. Engrs , 735 - 763
-
14)
- Carson, J.R.: British, 102,503, 30 November 1917, Convention date (U.S.A.) 1st December 1915.
-
15)
- E.H. Colpitts , O.B. Blackwell . Carrier current telephony and telegraphy. Trans. Amer. Inst. Elect. Engrs , 205 - 300
-
16)
- M. Leblanc . Etude sur le téléphone multiplex. La Lumiére Électrique , 97 - 102
-
17)
- J.W. Strutt . (1896) , The Theory of Sound.
-
18)
- Pickard, G.W.: `Zincite', USA, 886,154, 28 April 1908, Filed 30th September 1907.
-
19)
- Miner, W.M.: U.S., 745,734, 1 December 1903, Filed 26th February 1903.
-
20)
- H.S. Black . Stabilized feedback amplifiers. Electrical Engr , 114 - 120
-
21)
- G.O. Squier . Multiplex telephony and telegraphy by means of electric waves guided by wires. Trans. Amer. Inst. Elect. Engrs, , 1617 - 1665
-
22)
- C. Bright . (1898) , Submarine Telegraphs.
-
23)
- Recent developments in multiplex telephony. Electrical World & Engineer
-
24)
- Englund, C.R.: U.S., 1,245,446, 6 November 1917, filed 29th March 1916.
-
25)
- Ruhmer, E., as ref. 20, p. 73.
-
26)
- Dunwoody, H.H.C.: UK, 5332, 23 March 1911.
-
27)
- D.G. Tucker . The invention of frequency-modulation in 1902. The Radio and Electronic Engineer , 33 - 37
-
28)
- Campbell, G.A.: U.S., 1,227,113 and 1,227,114, 1917, filed 15th July 1915.
-
29)
- Pupin, M.I.: U.S., 707, 007, 12 August 1902, Filed 23rd February 1894.
-
30)
- M.I. Pupin . Practical aspects of low frequency electrical resonance. Trans. Amer. Inst. Elect, Engrs, , 370 - 394
-
31)
- A.M. Mayer . Researches in acoustics, Part 6. Phil. Mag. , 352 - 365
-
32)
- E. Ruhmer . Multiplex telephony. Electrical Review and Western Electrician , 28 - 29
-
33)
- G.W. Pierce . (1910) , Principles of Wireless Telegraphy.
-
34)
- L.S. Palmer . (1928) , Wireless Principles and Practice.
-
35)
- Squier, G.O.: USA, 980,356; 980,357; 980,358;980,359, 1911.
-
36)
- H.L.F. Helmholtz . (1863) , Die Lehre von dem Tonempfindungen als physiologische Grundlage für die Theorie der Musik.
-
37)
- J.R. Carson . Notes on the theory of modulation. Proc. Inst.Radio Engrs , 57 - 64
-
38)
- A.G. Bell . Researches in electric telephony. J. Soc. Telegraph Engrs , 385 - 421
-
39)
- Ryall, L. E., A Few Recent Developments in Telephone Transmission Apparatus, Inst. P.O. Elect. Engrs Printed Paper No. 155, 1934, see pp. 18-20..
-
40)
- Campbell, G.A.: British, 142,115, 1921, filed 15th July 1915.
-
41)
- R.A. Heising . Modulation methods. Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs , 896 - 901
-
42)
- R. A. Heising . Modulation in radio telephony. Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs , 305 - 352
-
43)
- A.N. Goldsmith . (1918) , Radio Telephony.
-
44)
- Hutin, M., Leblanc, M.: British, 23,892, December 1892.
-
45)
- Ehret, C.D.: U.S., 789,087, 2 May 1905, filed 3rd December 1901.
-
1)
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/ree.1971.0008
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/ree.1971.0008
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6
