Compared with common TiO₂ powder, TiO₂ nanotubes can exhibit better catalytic performance for their high specific surface area. By using hydrogen TiO₂ nanotubes synthesised via the hydrothermal process as carriers, carbon and platinum co-modified TiO₂ nanotubes (C-Pt/TiO₂NTs) were prepared via impregnation–photoreduction method in this study. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectrum were used to characterise the structure and composition of the prepared samples. Their catalytic activities for degrading methyl orange under ultraviolet (UV) illumination and simulated sunlight were evaluated. The influences and mechanism of dopants and their contents on the catalysts’ activity were investigated. Obtained results indicated that the modification can improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes under both UV light and simulated sunlight. Among them, C-Pt/TiO₂NTs with 0.5 wt% Pt exhibited the best performance.

References

1. 1)
  - 6. Wang, G., Chen, Q.H., Liu, Y.P., et al: ‘In situ synthesis of graphene/WO3 co-decorated TiO2 nanotube array photoelectrodes with enhanced photocatalytic activity and degradation mechanism for dimethyl phthalate’, Chem. Eng. J., 2017, 337, pp. 322–332 (doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.058).
2. 2)
  - 22. Hwang, Y.J., Yang, S.N., Lee, H., et al: ‘Surface analysis of N-doped TiO2 nanorods and their enhanced photocatalytic oxidation activity’, Appl. Catal. B Environ., 2017, 204, pp. 209–215 (doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.11.038).
3. 3)
  - 19. Wang, X., Wang, L.L., Guo, D., et al: ‘Fabrication and photocatalytic performance of C, N, F-tridoped TiO2 nanotubes’, Catal. Today, 2019, 327, pp. 182–189 (doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.05.007).
4. 4)
  - 31. Zhu, B.L., Li, K.R., Feng, Y.F., et al: ‘Synthesis and catalytic performance of gold-loaded TiO2 nanofibers’, Catal. Lett., 2007, 118, (1–2), pp. 55–58 (doi: 10.1007/s10562-007-9139-0).
5. 5)
  - 15. Khalid, N.R., Majid, A., Tahir, M.B., et al: ‘Carbonaceous-TiO2 nanomaterials for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants: A review’, Ceram. Int., 2017, 43, (17), pp. 14552–14571 (doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.08.143).
6. 6)
  - 28. Zhu, B.L., Guo, Q., Huang, X.L., et al: ‘Characterization and catalytic performance of TiO2 nanotubes-supported gold and copper particles’, J. Mol. Catal. A., 2006, 249, (1–2), p. 211 (doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.01.013).
7. 7)
  - 18. Yu, Y., Wu, H.H., Zhu, B.L., et al: ‘Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activities of F-doped TiO2 nanotubes’, Catal. Lett., 2008, 121, (1–2), p. 165 (doi: 10.1007/s10562-007-9316-1).
8. 8)
  - 12. Li, H., Zhu, B.L., Feng, Y.F., et al: ‘Synthesis, characterization of TiO2 nanotubes-supported MS (TiO2NTs@ MS, M = Cd, Zn) and their photocatalytic activity’, J. Solid State Chem., 2007, 180, (7), p. 2136 (doi: 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.05.013).
9. 9)
  - 2. Jiang, T.T., Wang, Y.Q., Meng, D.W., et al: ‘Controllable fabrication of CuO nanostructure by hydrothermal method and its properties’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 311, pp. 602–608 (doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.05.116).
10. 10)
  - 3. Wang, Y.Q., Jiang, T.T., Meng, D.W., et al: ‘Fabrication of nanostructured CuO films by electrodeposition and their photocatalytic properties’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 317, pp. 414–421 (doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.08.144).
11. 11)
  - 1. Tobaldi, D.M., Dvoranova, D., Lajaunie, L., et al: ‘Graphene-TiO2 hybrids for photocatalytic aided removal of VOCs and nitrogen oxides from outdoor environment’, Chem. Eng. J., 2020, 405, p. 126651 (doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126651).
12. 12)
  - 30. Fu, X.L., Wang, X.X., Leung, D.Y.C., et al: ‘Photocatalytic reforming of C3-polyols for H-2 production part (I). role of their OH groups’, Appl. Catal. B-Environ., 2011, 106, (3–4), pp. 681–688 (doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2011.05.045).
13. 13)
  - 10. Martinez, H., Amaya, A.A., Paez-Mozo, E.A., et al: ‘Highly efficient epoxidation of alpha-pinene with O-2 photocatalyzed by dioxoMo((VI)) complex anchored on TiO2 nanotubes’, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2018, 265, pp. 202–210 (doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.02.005).
14. 14)
  - 27. Kasuga, T., Hiramatsu, M., Hoson, A., et al: ‘Formation of titanium oxide nanotube’, ACS Pub., 1998, 14, (12), pp. 3160–3163.
15. 15)
  - 26. Zhang, L., Han, M., Tan, O.K., et al: ‘Facile fabrication of Ag/C-TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity for disinfection of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis’, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2013, 1, pp. 564–570 (doi: 10.1039/C2TB00113F).
16. 16)
  - 25. Giannakas, A.E., Antonopoulou, M., Papavasiliou, J., et al: ‘Photocatalytic performance of Pt-TiO2, Pt-N-TiO2 and Pt-N/F-TiO2 towards simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction/benzoic acid oxidation: insights into photogenerated charge carrier dynamics and catalyst properties’, J. Photoch. Photobio. A, 2017, 349, pp. 25–35 (doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.08.066).
17. 17)
  - 34. Wu, Z.S., Ren, W.C., Wen, L., et al: ‘Graphene anchored with Co3O4 nanoparticles as anode of lithium ion batteries with enhanced reversible capacity and cyclic performance’, ACS Nano., 2010, 4, (6), pp. 3187–3194 (doi: 10.1021/nn100740x).
18. 18)
  - 4. Khan, M.A., Yang, O.B.: ‘Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production under visible light on Ir and Co ionized titanate nanotube’, Catal. Today, 2009, 146, (1–2), pp. 177–182 (doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.02.021).
19. 19)
  - 23. Song, J.J., Zhu, B.L., Zhao, W.L., et al: ‘Characterization and photocatalytic properties of Ru, C co-modified one-dimensional TiO2-based composites prepared via a single precursor approach’, J. Nanopart. Res., 2013, 15, (5), p. 1494 (doi: 10.1007/s11051-013-1494-8).
20. 20)
  - 5. Sun, W.J., Zheng, H.N., Ma, J.B., et al: ‘Preparation and electrorheological properties of eggshell-like TiO2 hollow spheres via one step template-free solvothermal method’, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 2020, 601, article no. 126147 (doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125055).
21. 21)
  - 8. Ahed, Z., Nidal, Z., Iyad, S., et al: ‘Alternative natural dyes in water purification: anthocyanin as TiO2-sensitizer in methyl orange photo-degradation’, Solid State Sci., 2011, 13, (6), pp. 1268–1275 (doi: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2011.03.020).
22. 22)
  - 9. Teh, C.M., Mohamed, A.R.: ‘Roles of titanium dioxide and ion-doped titanium dioxide on photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants (phenolic compounds and dyes) in aqueous solutions: A review’, J. Alloys Compd., 2011, 509, (5), pp. 1468–1660 (doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.10.181).
23. 23)
  - 29. Lin, L., Zhou, Y., Zhu, Y.X., et al: ‘Effect of carbon content on photocatalytic activity of C/TiO2 composite’, Chinese J. Catal., 2006, 27, (1), pp. 45–49.
24. 24)
  - 13. Kubacka, A., Fernandezgarcia, M., Colon, G.: ‘Advanced nanoarchitectures for solar photocatalytic applications’, Chem. Rev., 2012, 112, (5), pp. 1555–1614 (doi: 10.1021/cr100454n).
25. 25)
  - 12. Liu, B., Liu, L.-M., Aydil, E.S., et al: ‘Doping high-surface-area mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with carbonate for visible light hydrogen production’, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, pp. 2592–2597 (doi: 10.1039/C4EE00472H).
26. 26)
  - 7. Li, Q.M., Sun, D.X., Kim, H.: ‘Fabrication of porous TiO2, nanofiber and its photocatalytic activity’, Mater. Res. Bull., 2011, 46, (11), pp. 2094–2099 (doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2011.06.034).
27. 27)
  - 11. Maciaagullo, J.A., Corma, A., Garcia, H.: ‘Photobiocatalysis: the power of combining photocatalysis and enzymes’, Chem. Eur. J., 2015, 21, pp. 10940–10959 (doi: 10.1002/chem.201406437).
28. 28)
  - 21. Al-Hajji, L.A., Ismail, A.A., Alseidi, M., et al: ‘Green approach and ease synthesis of C/N-codoped TiO2 nanocrystals for photodegradation of endocrine’, J. Nanopart. Res., 2020, 22, (2), article no. 50.
29. 29)
  - 16. Zhang, M., Jin, Z.S., Zhang, J.W., et al: ‘Effect of annealing temperature on morphology, structure and photocatalytic behavior of nanotubed H2Ti2O4 (OH)2’, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 2004, 217, (1–2), pp. 203–210 (doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.03.032).
30. 30)
  - 17. Qi, D.M., Cao, J., Gao, Y.J., et al: ‘Photocatalysis of polysiloxane/titanium sol photocatalytic composite films’, Acta Polym. Sin., 2015, 1, pp. 1–7.
31. 31)
  - 14. Ong, W.J., Tan, L.L., Chai, S.P., et al: ‘Facet-dependent photo-catalytic properties of TiO2-based composites for energy conversion and environmental remediation’, ChemSusChem., 2014, 7, (3), pp. 690–719 (doi: 10.1002/cssc.201300924).
32. 32)
  - 33. Wang, X.X., Meng, S., Zhang, X.L., et al: ‘Multi-type carbon doping of TiO2 photocatalyst’, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2007, 444, pp. 292–296 (doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.07.026).
33. 33)
  - 24. Slamet Tristantini, D., Valentina, , et al: ‘Photocatalytic hydrogen production from glycerol-water mixture over Pt-N-TiO2 nanotube photocatalyst’, Int. J. Energy. Res., 2013, 37, p. 1372 (doi: 10.1002/er.2939).
34. 34)
  - 20. Zhang, J.L., Wu, Y.G., Xing, M.Y., et al: ‘Development of modified N doped TiO2 photocatalyst with metals, nonmetals and metal oxides’, Energy Environ. Sci., 2010, 3, (6), pp. 715–726 (doi: 10.1039/b927575d).
35. 35)
  - 35. Shiraishi, Y., Tsukamoto, D., Sugano, Y., et al: ‘Photocatalytic H2O2 production from ethanol/O2 system using TiO2 loaded with Au-Ag bimetallic alloy nanoparticles’, ACS Catal., 2012, 2, (9), pp. 1984–1992 (doi: 10.1021/cs300407e).

Fabrication and photocatalytic performance of C, Pt-comodified TiO₂ nanotubes

References

Related content

Fabrication and photocatalytic performance of C, Pt-comodified TiO2 nanotubes

References

Related content

Fabrication and photocatalytic performance of C, Pt-comodified TiO₂ nanotubes