Resistive switching in FTO/CuO–Cu2O/Au memory devices
- Author(s): Amir Shariffar 1 ; Haider Salman 1 ; Tanveer A. Siddique 1 ; Wafaa Gebril 1 ; Mahmoud Omar Manasreh 1
-
-
View affiliations
-
Affiliations:
1:
Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville 72703 , USA
-
Affiliations:
1:
Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville 72703 , USA
- Source:
Volume 15, Issue 12,
21
October
2020,
p.
853 – 857
DOI: 10.1049/mnl.2020.0300 , Online ISSN 1750-0443
Memristors are considered to be next-generation non-volatile memory devices owing to their fast switching and low power consumption. Metal oxide memristors have been extensively investigated and reported to be promising devices, although they still suffer from poor stability and laborious fabrication process. Herein, the authors report a stable and power-efficient memristor with novel heterogeneous electrodes structure and facile fabrication based on cupric oxide (CuO)–cuprous oxide (Cu2O) complex thin films. The proposed structure of the memristor contains an active complex layer of CuO and Cu2O sandwiched between fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and gold (Au) electrodes. The fabricated memristors demonstrate bipolar resistive switching (RS) behaviour with a low working voltage (∼1 V), efficient power consumption, and high endurance over 100 switching cycles. The authors suggest the RS mechanism of the proposed device is related to the formation and rupture of conducting filaments inside the memristor. Moreover, they analyse the conduction mechanism and electron transport in the active layer of the device during the RS process. Such a facile fabricated device has a promising potential for future memristive applications.
Inspec keywords: fracture; fluorine; gold; electrical resistivity; electrical conductivity transitions; random-access storage; memristors; tin compounds; electrodes; thin films; copper compounds
Other keywords: SnO:F-CuO-Cu2O-Au; cupric oxide–cuprous oxide complex thin films; power-efficient memristor; nonvolatile memory devices; rupture; efficient power consumption; conduction mechanism; active complex layer; RS process; conducting filaments; heterogeneous electrodes structure; electron transport; Au; low working voltage; bipolar resistive switching; low power consumption; metal oxide memristors; voltage 1.0 V
Subjects: Resistors; Electrochemistry and electrophoresis; Memory circuits; Thin film growth, structure, and epitaxy; Fatigue, embrittlement, and fracture; Fatigue, brittleness, fracture, and cracks; Mixed conductivity and conductivity transitions
References
-
-
1)
-
4. Niu, G., Calka, P., Auf der Maur, M., et al: ‘Geometric conductive filament confinement by nanotips for resistive switching of HfO2-RRAM devices with high performance’, Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, (1), p. 25757 (doi: 10.1038/srep25757).
-
-
2)
-
11. Liu, H., Liu, Y., Guo, W., et al: ‘Laser assisted ink-printing of copper oxide nanoplates for memory device’, Mater. Lett., 2020, 261, p. 127097 (doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.127097).
-
-
3)
-
17. Shi, T., Yin, X.-B., Yang, R., et al: ‘Pt/WO 3 /FTO memristive devices with recoverable pseudo-electroforming for time-delay switches in neuromorphic computing’, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, (14), pp. 9338–9343 (doi: 10.1039/C5CP07675G).
-
-
4)
-
28. Huang, J.-J., Kuo, C.-W., Chang, W.-C., et al: ‘Transition of stable rectification to resistive-switching in Ti/TiO2/Pt oxide diode’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2010, 96, (26), p. 262901 (doi: 10.1063/1.3457866).
-
-
5)
-
31. Chen, K.-H., Chang, K.-C., Chang, T.-C., et al: ‘Effect of different constant compliance current for hopping conduction distance properties of the Sn:SiOx thin film RRAM devices’, Appl. Phys. A, 2016, 122, (3), p. 228 (doi: 10.1007/s00339-016-9768-5).
-
-
6)
-
25. Zheng, W., Chen, Y., Peng, X., et al: ‘The phase evolution and physical properties of binary copper oxide thin films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering’, Mater. Basel Switz., 2018, 11, (7), p. 1253.
-
-
7)
-
24. Wanjala, K.S., Njoroge, W.K., Makori, N.E., et al: ‘Optical and electrical characterization of CuO thin films as absorber material for solar cell applications’, Am. J. Condens. Matter Phys., 2016, 6, (1), pp. 1–6.
-
-
8)
-
9. Dongale, T.D., Pawar, P.S., Tikke, R.S., et al: ‘Mimicking the synaptic weights and human forgetting curve using hydrothermally grown nanostructured CuO memristor device’, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2018, 18, (2), pp. 984–991 (doi: 10.1166/jnn.2018.14264).
-
-
9)
-
27. Wang, S.-Y., Huang, C.-W., Lee, D.-Y., et al: ‘Multilevel resistive switching in Ti/CuxO/Pt memory devices’, J. Appl. Phys., 2010, 108, (11), p. 114110 (doi: 10.1063/1.3518514).
-
-
10)
-
3. Strukov, D.B., Snider, G.S., Stewart, D.R., et al: ‘The missing memristor found’, Nature, 2008, 453, (7191), pp. 80–83 (doi: 10.1038/nature06932).
-
-
11)
-
14. Xu, P., Hamilton, M.C., Zou, S.: ‘Resistive switching characteristics in printed Cu/CuO/(AgO)/Ag memristors’, Electron. Lett., 2013, 49, (13), pp. 829–830 (doi: 10.1049/el.2013.1302).
-
-
12)
-
18. Yang, J.K., Liang, B., Zhao, M.J., et al: ‘Reference of temperature and time during tempering process for non-stoichiometric FTO films’, Sci. Rep., 2015, 5, (1), p. 15001 (doi: 10.1038/srep15001).
-
-
13)
-
5. Laurenti, M., Porro, S., Pirri, C.F., et al: ‘Zinc oxide thin films for memristive devices: a review’, Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2017, 42, (2), pp. 153–172 (doi: 10.1080/10408436.2016.1192988).
-
-
14)
-
20. Chen, L.-C., Chen, C.-C., Liang, K.-C., et al: ‘Nano-structured CuO-Cu2O Complex thin film for application in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells’, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2016, 11, (1), p. 402 (doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1621-4).
-
-
15)
-
19. Khrapovitskaya, Y., Maslova, N., Sokolov, I., et al: ‘The titanium oxide memristor contact material's influence on element's cyclic stability to degradation: the titanium oxide memristor contact material's influence on element's cyclic stability to degradation’, Phys. Status Solidi C, 2015, 12, (1–2), pp. 202–205 (doi: 10.1002/pssc.201400109).
-
-
16)
-
23. Akgul, F.A., Akgul, G., Yildirim, N., et al: ‘Influence of thermal annealing on microstructural, morphological, optical properties and surface electronic structure of copper oxide thin films’, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2014, 147, (3), pp. 987–995 (doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.06.047).
-
-
17)
-
36. Xu, N., Liu, L., Sun, X., et al: ‘Characteristics and mechanism of conduction/set process in TiN∕ZnO∕Pt resistance switching random-access memories’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2008, 92, (23), p. 232112 (doi: 10.1063/1.2945278).
-
-
18)
-
7. Xia, Q., Yang, J.J.: ‘Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing’, Nat. Mater., 2019, 18, (4), pp. 309–323 (doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0291-x).
-
-
19)
-
35. Lampert, M.A., Schilling, R.B.: ‘Chapter 1 current injection in solids: the regional approximation method’, in: ‘Semiconductors and semimetals’ (Elsevier, USA, 1970), pp. 1–96.
-
-
20)
-
1. Chua, L.: ‘Memristor-the missing circuit element’, IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory, 1971, 18, (5), pp. 507–519 (doi: 10.1109/TCT.1971.1083337).
-
-
21)
-
21. Dhineshbabu, N.R., Rajendran, V., Nithyavathy, N., et al: ‘Study of structural and optical properties of cupric oxide nanoparticles’, Appl. Nanosci., 2016, 6, (6), pp. 933–939 (doi: 10.1007/s13204-015-0499-2).
-
-
22)
-
10. Nyenke, C., Dong, L.: ‘Fabrication of a W/CuxO/Cu memristor with sub-micron holes for passive sensing of oxygen’, Microelectron. Eng., 2016, 164, pp. 48–52 (doi: 10.1016/j.mee.2016.07.005).
-
-
23)
-
12. Ortega-Reyes, L., Ávila-García, A.: ‘Memristors based on thermal copper oxide’, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 2020, 31, pp. 7445–7454 (doi: 10.1007/s10854-020-02963-1).
-
-
24)
-
26. Wang, T., Shi, Y., Puglisi, F.M., et al: ‘Electroforming in metal-oxide memristive synapses’, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12, (10), pp. 11806–11814 (doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b19362).
-
-
25)
-
32. Yang, Y.C., Pan, F., Liu, Q., et al: ‘Fully room-temperature-fabricated nonvolatile resistive memory for ultrafast and high-density memory application’, Nano Lett., 2009, 9, (4), pp. 1636–1643 (doi: 10.1021/nl900006g).
-
-
26)
-
33. Fan, Y.-S., Liu, P.-T.: ‘Characteristic evolution from rectifier Schottky diode to resistive-switching memory with Al-doped zinc tin oxide film’, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 2014, 61, (4), pp. 1071–1076 (doi: 10.1109/TED.2014.2305155).
-
-
27)
-
15. Li, Y., Long, S., Liu, Q., et al: ‘Resistive switching performance improvement via modulating nanoscale conductive filament, involving the application of two-dimensional layered materials’, Small, 2017, 13, (35), p. 1604306 (doi: 10.1002/smll.201604306).
-
-
28)
-
16. Sung, C., Hwang, H., Yoo, I.K.: ‘Perspective: A review on memristive hardware for neuromorphic computation’, J. Appl. Phys., 2018, 124, (15), p. 151903 (doi: 10.1063/1.5037835).
-
-
29)
-
22. Madelung, O.: ‘Semiconductors: data handbook’ (Springer Science & Business Media, Germany, 2012).
-
-
30)
-
8. Kim, W., Chattopadhyay, A., Siemon, A., et al: ‘Multistate memristive tantalum oxide devices for ternary Arithmetic’, Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, (1), p. 36652 (doi: 10.1038/srep36652).
-
-
31)
-
13. Rehman, S., Hur, J.-H., Kim, D.: ‘Resistive switching in solution-processed copper oxide (CuxO) by stoichiometry tuning’, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2018, 122, (20), pp. 11076–11085 (doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b00432).
-
-
32)
-
6. Liu, C., Wang, L.-G., Cao, Y.-Q., et al: ‘Synaptic functions and a memristive mechanism on Pt/AlOx /HfOx /Tin bilayer-structure memristors’, J. Phys. Appl. Phys., 2020, 53, (3), p. 035302 (doi: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab4e70).
-
-
33)
-
30. Zhu, Y.B., Zheng, K., Wu, X., et al: ‘Enhanced stability of filament-type resistive switching by interface engineering’, Sci. Rep., 2017, 7, (1), p. 43664 (doi: 10.1038/srep43664).
-
-
34)
-
29. Wong, H.-S.P., Lee, H.-Y., Yu, S., et al: ‘Metal–oxide RRAM’, Proc. IEEE, 2012, 100, (6), pp. 1951–1970 (doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2012.2190369).
-
-
35)
-
2. Sun, W., Gao, B., Chi, M., et al: ‘Understanding memristive switching via in situ characterization and device modeling’, Nat. Commun., 2019, 10, (1), p. 3453 (doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11411-6).
-
-
36)
-
34. Yan, P., Li, Y., Hui, Y.J., et al: ‘Conducting mechanisms of forming-free Tiw/Cu2O/Cu memristive devices’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2015, 107, (8), p. 083501 (doi: 10.1063/1.4928979).
-
-
1)