A simple, fast, and eco-friendly method for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Lilium casa blanca petals as a reducing and protecting agent was reported. The heating time had been shortened to 30 min for biosynthesis of AuNPs, which only took 15 mg Lilium casa blanca petals powder. The biosynthetic AuNPs, which had a uniform particle size distribution, were in spherical with the average size of 5.933 ± 1.158 nm. In addition, the conversion rate of Au³⁺ to Au⁰ was quite high. Through the discussion on the nutrients' concentrations before and after the synthesis, it was found that sugars, alkaloids, flavonoids, and proteins were the reducing and stabilising agents. The biosynthetic AuNPs had good catalytic activity, taking the hydroboration of nitrophenol and methylene blue as examples. Catalytic reduction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Moreover, the apparent rate constant was a linear correlation with the concentrations of AuNPs. The normalised rate constant of the proposed AuNPs was higher than other reported AuNPs, which indicated the excellent catalytic activity. All the results foreshowed the wide range of applications of the biosynthetic AuNPs by Lilium casa blanca petals.

References

1. 1)
  - 4. Sun, L., Li, H., Lv, P., et al: ‘Rapid room-temperature synthesis of gold nanoparticles using sargentgloryvine stem extract and their photocatalytic activity’, J. Inorg. Organomet. P., 2019, 29, (1), pp. 269–278 (doi: 10.1007/s10904-018-0985-6).
2. 2)
  - 9. Luo, Q., Su, W., Li, H., et al: ‘Antibacterial activity and catalytic activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by flavonoids from petals of lilium casa blanca’, Micro Nano Lett., 2018, 13, (6), pp. 824–828.
3. 3)
  - 1. Dauthal, P., Mukhopadhyay, M.: ‘Noble metal nanoparticles: plant-mediated synthesis, mechanistic aspects of synthesis, and applications’, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2016, 55, (36), pp. 9557–9577 (doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00861).
4. 4)
  - 11. Gan, P.P., Li, S.F.Y.: ‘Potential of plant as a biological factory to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles and their applications’, Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio-Technol., 2012, 11, (2), pp. 169–206 (doi: 10.1007/s11157-012-9278-7).
5. 5)
  - 23. Wu, F., Yang, Q.: ‘Ammonium bicarbonate reduction route to uniform gold nanoparticles and their applications in catalysis and surface-enhanced Raman scattering’, Nano Res., 2011, 4, (9), pp. 861–869 (doi: 10.1007/s12274-011-0142-9).
6. 6)
  - 22. Qu, Y., You, S., Zhang, X., et al: ‘Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using cell-free extracts of magnusiomyces ingens lh-f1 for nitrophenols reduction’, Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng., 2018, 41, (3), pp. 359–367 (doi: 10.1007/s00449-017-1869-9).
7. 7)
  - 15. Wang, Y., Yang, L., He, Y., et al: ‘Characterization of fifty-one flavonoids in a Chinese herbal prescription longdan xiegan decoction by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and photodiode array detection’, Rapid Commun. Mass Sp., 2008, 22, (12), pp. 1767–1778 (doi: 10.1002/rcm.3536).
8. 8)
  - 5. Bonigala, B., Kasukurthi, B., Konduri, V.V., et al: ‘Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using stemona tuberosa lour and screening for their catalytic activity in the degradation of toxic chemicals’, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 2018, 25, (32), pp. 32540–32548 (doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3105-9).
9. 9)
  - 2. Srivastava, S.K., Yamada, R., Ogino, C., et al: ‘Biogenic synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles by Escherichia coli K12 and its heterogeneous catalysis in degradation of 4-nitrophenol’, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2013, 8, pp. 1–9 (doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-70).
10. 10)
  - 3. Tiloke, C., Phulukdaree, A., Anand, K., et al: ‘Moringa oleifera gold nanoparticles modulate oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and caspase-9 splice variants in a549 cells’, J. Cell. Biochem., 2016, 117, (10), pp. 2302–2314 (doi: 10.1002/jcb.25528).
11. 11)
  - 2. Chung, I., Park, I., Seung-Hyun, K., et al: ‘Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: their characteristic properties and therapeutic applications’, Nanoscale. Res. Lett., 2016, 11, p. 40 (doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1257-4).
12. 12)
  - 24. Wu, C., Chen, D.: ‘Spontaneous synthesis of gold nanoparticles on gum arabic-modified iron oxide nanoparticles as a magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst’, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2012, 7, (1), pp. 317–323 (doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-7-317).
13. 13)
  - 7. Ovais, M., Khalil, A.T., Raza, A., et al: ‘Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via plant extracts: beginning a new era in cancer theranostics’, Nanomedicine-Uk, 2016, 11, (23), pp. 3157–3177 (doi: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0279).
14. 14)
  - 19. Du, J., Zhou, Z., Zhang, X., et al: ‘Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by flavonoids from Lilium casa blanca’, J. Clust. Sci., 2017, 28, pp. 3149–3158 (doi: 10.1007/s10876-017-1282-1).
15. 15)
  - 12. Huang, J., Zhan, G., Zheng, B., et al: ‘Biogenic silver nanoparticles by cacumen platycladi extract: synthesis, formation mechanism, and antibacterial activity’, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2011, 50, (15), pp. 9095–9106 (doi: 10.1021/ie200858y).
16. 16)
  - 30. Dauthal, P., Mukhopadhyay, M.: ‘Prunus domestica fruit extract-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its catalytic activity for 4-nitrophenol reduction’, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2012, 51, (40), pp. 13014–13020 (doi: 10.1021/ie300369g).
17. 17)
  - 23. Saha, N., Trivedi, P., Dutta Gupta, S.: ‘Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based optimization of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from rhizome extract of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. and its antioxidant potential’, J. Clust. Sci., 2016, 27, (6), pp. 1893–1912 (doi: 10.1007/s10876-016-1050-7).
18. 18)
  - 25. Das, S.K., Dickinson, C., Lafir, F., et al: ‘Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles biosynthesized with rhizopus oryzae protein extract’, Green Chem., 2012, 14, (5), pp. 1322–1334 (doi: 10.1039/c2gc16676c).
19. 19)
  - 12. Zhou, Y., Lin, W., Huang, J., et al: ‘Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by foliar broths: roles of biocompounds and other attributes of the extracts’, Nanoscale. Res. Lett., 2010, 5, (8), pp. 1351–1359 (doi: 10.1007/s11671-010-9652-8).
20. 20)
  - 14. Barabadi, H., Honary, S., Ali Mohammadi, M., et al: ‘Green chemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles by using penicillium aculeatum and their scolicidal activity against hydatid cyst protoscolices of echinococcus granulosus’, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 2017, 24, (6), pp. 5800–5810 (doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-8291-8).
21. 21)
  - 2. Nguyen, T.T., Vo, T., Nguyen, B. N., et al: ‘Silver and gold nanoparticles biosynthesized by aqueous extract of burdock root, arctium lappa as antimicrobial agent and catalyst for degradation of pollutants’, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 2018, 25, (34), pp. 34247–34261 (doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3322-2).
22. 22)
  - 20. Shi, C., Zhu, N., Cao, Y., et al: ‘Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles assisted by the intracellular protein extract of pycnoporus sanguineus and its catalysis in degradation of 4-nitroaniline’, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2015, 10, (1), pp. 147–153 (doi: 10.1186/s11671-015-0856-9).
23. 23)
  - 8. Siddiqi, K., Husen, A.: ‘Recent advances in plant-mediated engineered gold nanoparticles and their application in biological system’, J. Trace Elem. Med. Bio., 2017, 40, pp. 10–23 (doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.11.012).
24. 24)
  - 20. Du, J., Xia, Z.: ‘Measurement of the catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles synthesized by a microwave-assisted heating method through time-dependent UV spectra’, Anal. Methods, 2013, 5, (8), pp. 1991–1995 (doi: 10.1039/c3ay26222g).
25. 25)
  - 13. Patil, M., Ngabire, D., Thi, H., et al: ‘Eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity on cancer cells’, J. Clust. Sci., 2017, 28, (1), pp. 119–132 (doi: 10.1007/s10876-016-1051-6).
26. 26)
  - 6. Narayanan, K.B., Sakthivel, N.: ‘Synthesis and characterization of nano-gold composite using Cylindrocladium floridanum and its heterogeneous catalysis in the degradation of 4-nitrophenol’, J. Hazard. Mater., 2011, 189, pp. 519–525 (doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.069).

Green biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Lilium casa blanca petals and evaluation of catalytic activity

References

Related content