© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
A simple and new solid-state molten-salt method to synthesise silver (Ag)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles for solar light-induced photocatalytic applications is examined. Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with varied Ag content ranging from 3 to 10% were synthesised by a single-step molten-salt synthesis method. The effect of Ag content on the antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles was tested. The prepared nanoparticles were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) diffusive reflectance spectrometer (UV–vis DRS) and powder X-ray diffraction. The SEM image of nanoparticles clearly showed the presence of agglomerated spherical particles. The EDX analysis of the particles confirmed successful doping of particles in the presence of the Ag in the particles. The doping of Ag in TiO2 produced TiO2 pure anatase phase. According to UV–vis DRS results, increasing Ag-doped content in the Ag-doped TiO2 resulted in a higher visible absorption capability of the materials. Ag doping also improved the antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles. The maximum photocatalytic activity under light irradiation was observed for 5% Ag-doped TiO2.
References
-
-
1)
-
20. Liu, Y., Liu, C.Y., Rong, Q.H., et al: ‘Characteristics of the silver-doped TiO2 nanoparticles’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2003, 220, (1-4), pp. 7–11 (doi: 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00836-5).
-
2)
-
11. Zanganeh, S., Kajbafvala, A., Zanganeh, N., et al: ‘Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanostructures using LiOH as a solvent’, Adv. Powder Technol., 2011, 22, (3), pp. 336–339 (doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2010.04.010).
-
3)
-
7. Bahadur, J., Agrawal, S., Panwar, V., et al: ‘Antibacterial properties of silver doped TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized via sol–gel technique’, Macromol. Res., 2016, 24, (6), pp. 488–493 (doi: 10.1007/s13233-016-4066-9).
-
4)
-
10. Karami, A.: ‘Synthesis of TiO2 nano powder by the sol–gel method and its use as a photocatalyst’, J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 2010, 7, (2), pp. S154–S160 (doi: 10.1007/BF03246194).
-
5)
-
3. Rahimi, N., Pax, R.A., Gray, E.M.: ‘Review of functional titanium oxides. I: TiO2 and its modifications’, Prog. Solid State Chem., 2016, 44, (3), pp. 86–105 (doi: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2016.07.002).
-
6)
-
9. Ghorbanpour, M., Mazloumi, M., Nouri, A.: ‘Silver-doped nanoclay with antibacterial activity’, J. Ultrafine Grained Nanostruct. Mater., 2017, 50, (2), pp. 124–131.
-
7)
-
16. Lotfiman, S., Ghorbanpour, M.: ‘Antimicrobial activity of ZnO/silica gel nanocomposites prepared by a simple and fast solid-state method’, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2017, 310, pp. 129–133 (doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.032).
-
8)
-
18. Ghorbanpour, M.: ‘Amine accessibility and chemical stability of silver SPR chips silanised with APTES via vapour phase deposition method’, J. Phys. Sci., 2016, 27, (1), pp. 39–51.
-
9)
-
17. Yuan, P., Yin, X., He, H., et al: ‘Investigation on the delaminated-pillared structure of TiO2-PILC synthesized by TiCl4 hydrolysis method’, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2006, 93, (1-3), pp. 240–247 (doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.03.002).
-
10)
-
22. Zaleska, A., Zielinska, A., Kowalska, E., et al: ‘Silver-doped TiO2 prepared by microemulsion method surface properties, bio-and photoactivity’, Sep. Purif. Technol., 2010, 72, pp. 309–318 (doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.03.002).
-
11)
-
2. Daghrir, R., Drogui, P., Robert, D.: ‘Modified TiO2 for environmental photocatalytic applications: a review’, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2013, 52, (10), pp. 3581–3599 (doi: 10.1021/ie303468t).
-
12)
-
19. Lei, X.F., Xue, X.X., Yang, H.: ‘Preparation and characterization of Ag-doped TiO2 nanomaterials and their photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) under visible light’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 321, pp. 396–403 (doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.10.045).
-
13)
-
5. Ghorbanpour, M., Lotfiman, S.: ‘Solid-state immobilisation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto nanoclay’, Micro Nano Lett., 2016, 11, (11), pp. 684–687 (doi: 10.1049/mnl.2016.0259).
-
14)
-
21. Liaqat, I., Sabri, A.N.: ‘Analysis of cell wall constituents of biocide-resistant isolates from dental-unit water line biofilms’, Curr. Microbiol., 2008, 57, (4), pp. 340–347 (doi: 10.1007/s00284-008-9200-2).
-
15)
-
8. Saravanan, M., Barik, S.K., Mubarak Ali, D., et al: ‘Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Bacillus brevis (NCIM 2533) and their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria’, Microb. Pathog., 2018, 116, pp. 221–226 (doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.038).
-
16)
-
13. Liu, X., Wang, Z., Zhang, S.: ‘Molten salt synthesis and characterization of titanium carbide-coated graphite flakes for refractory castable applications’, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 2011, 8, (4), pp. 911–919 (doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02529.x).
-
17)
-
1. Roy, B., Ahrenkiel, S.P., Fuierer, P.A.: ‘Controlling the size and morphology of TiO2 powder by molten and solid salt synthesis’, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2008, 91, (8), pp. 2455–2463 (doi: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02456.x).
-
18)
-
4. Tseng, L.T., Luo, X., Tan, T.T., et al: ‘Doping concentration dependence of microstructure and magnetic behaviours in Co-doped TiO2 nanorods’, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2014, 9, (1), p. 673 (doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-673).
-
19)
-
15. Payami, R., Ghorbanpour, M., Jadid, A.P.: ‘Antibacterial silver-doped bioactive silica gel production using molten salt method’, J. Nanostructure Chem., 2016, 6, pp. 215–221 (doi: 10.1007/s40097-016-0193-2).
-
20)
-
12. Yousofi, M., Lotfiman, S.: ‘Photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange by silica-supported TiO2 composites’, J. Ultrafine Grained Nanostruct. Mater., 2017, 50, (1), pp. 43–50.
-
21)
-
6. Mogal, S.I., Gandhi, V.G., Mishra, M., et al: ‘Single-step synthesis of silver-doped titanium dioxide: influence of silver on structural, textural, and photocatalytic properties’, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2014, 53, (14), pp. 5749–5758 (doi: 10.1021/ie404230q).
-
22)
-
14. Roy, B., Fuierer, P.A., Aich, S.: ‘Synthesis of TiO2 scaffold by a 2 step bi-layer process using a molten salt synthesis technique’, Powder Technol., 2011, 208, (3), pp. 657–662 (doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.01.004).
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2018.5057
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2018.5057
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6