Sol–gel synthesis of Ba-doped ZnO nanoparticles and its use in varistor ceramics

Rong Yang; Xiao Qu; Mao-Hua Wang

Sol–gel synthesis of Ba-doped ZnO nanoparticles and its use in varistor ceramics

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Author(s): Rong Yang¹ ; Xiao Qu¹ ; Mao-Hua Wang^{1, 2}
- Affiliations: 1: School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164 , People's Republic of China ;
  2: Huaide College , Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164 , People's Republic of China
Source: Volume 13, Issue 10, October 2018, p. 1506 – 1509
DOI: 10.1049/mnl.2018.0150 , Online ISSN 1750-0443

Received 21/02/2018, Accepted 03/07/2018, Published 01/10/2018

Un-doped and Ba-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Zn₁₋ _x Ba _x O 0 wt% ≤ x ≤4 wt%) were prepared by the sol–gel method and annealed at 500°C for 4 h under air atmosphere. Several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterise the as-prepared samples. The samples exhibited hexagonal ZnO lattice structure and a secondary phase of BaO is evolved for the sample with x = 0.02 and 0.04. The calculated average crystalline size decreases from 38.27 to 33.74 nm for x = 0 to 0.02 then reaches 39.93 nm for x = 0.04 which is confirmed by TEM. The change in micro-strain and a small shift in XRD peaks reveal the substitution of Ba²⁺ ions into the ZnO lattice. Additionally, using Ba-doped ZnO powders via this sol–gel method after sintering in air at 1150°C for 2 h, the varistor possesses good electrical characteristics, with present nonlinear coefficient of ∼24.43 and breakdown voltage of ∼2487.27 V/cm.

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Sol–gel synthesis of Ba-doped ZnO nanoparticles and its use in varistor ceramics

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