© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
The piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) ((P(VDF-HFP)) has been incorporated with zinc oxide (ZnO) of different forms, i.e. nanoparticles (NPs), nanorods (NRs), and microrods (MRs). The polymer has been activated the piezoelectric phase with the poling filed of 70 MV/m at 90°C for 10 min. ZnO of various particle types is grown into piezoelectric wurtzite. The addition of ZnO has slightly changed the degree of crystallinity of the polymers and clearly increased the elasticity to the best value in the case of inserted MRs. The electroactive phase of the polymer-based film has been enhanced at 2 wt% of ZnO for both NPs and NRs cases. The dielectric constant of the films increased with ZnO concentration. Finally, a cantilever beam structure with the patch of P(VDF-HFP) reinforced with ZnO of 2 wt% NRs shows the best performance as a microsource of the energy of about 1 µW. Development of micropower energy harvesting in P(VDF-HFP) with ZnO NRs has been substantially and highly promising to power small-scale electronics.
References
-
-
1)
-
9. Zhang, L., Ding, Y., Povey, M., et al: ‘Zno nanofluids – a potential antibacterial agent’, Prog. Nat. Sci., 2008, 18, (8), pp. 939–944 (doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.01.026).
-
2)
-
3. Das-Gupta, D.K.: ‘Ferroelectric polymers and ceramic-polymer composites’ (Tran Tech Publ, Zurich, 1994).
-
3)
-
11. Xu, S., Qin, Y., Xu, C., et al: ‘Self-powered nanowire devices’, Nat. Nanotechnol., 2010, 5, pp. 366–373 (doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.46).
-
4)
-
1. Kawai, H.: ‘The piezoelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride)’, Japan J. Appl. Phys., 1969, 8, pp. 975 (doi: 10.1143/JJAP.8.975).
-
5)
-
15. Harnack, O., Pacholski, C., Weller, H., et al: ‘Rectifying behavior of electrically aligned ZnO nanorods’, Nano Lett., 2013, 3, pp. 1097–1101 (doi: 10.1021/nl034240z).
-
6)
-
21. Jain, A., Prashanth, K.J., Sharma, A., et al: ‘Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PVDF/PZT composites: a review’, Polym. Eng. Sci., 2015, 55, (7), pp. 1589–1616 (doi: 10.1002/pen.24088).
-
7)
-
14. Parangusan, H., Ponnamma, D., Ali, S.M., et al: ‘Stretchable electrospun PVDF-HFP/Co-ZnO nanofibers as piezoelectric nanogenerators’, Sci. Rep., 2018, 8, p. 754 (doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-19082-3).
-
8)
-
2. Ikeda, T.: ‘Fundamental of piezoelectricity’ (Oxford Science Publications, New York, 1990).
-
9)
-
1. Ozgur, U., et al: ‘A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices’, J. Appl. Phys., 2005, 98, (4), p. 041301 (doi: 10.1063/1.1992666).
-
10)
-
20. Cappella, B., Silbernagl, D.: ‘Nanomechanical properties of mechanical double-layer: a novel semiempirical analysis’, Langmuir, 2007, 23, pp. 10779–10787 (doi: 10.1021/la701234q).
-
11)
-
8. Sukwisute, P., Muensit, N., Soontaranon, S., et al: ‘Micropower energy harvesting using poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene)’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2013, 103, p. 063905 (doi: 10.1063/1.4818339).
-
12)
-
6. Phermpornsakul, Y., Muensit, S., Guy, I.L.: ‘Determination of piezoelectric and pyroelectric coefficients and thermal diffusivity of 1–3 PZT/epoxy composites’, IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul., 2004, 11, (2), pp. 280–285 (doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2004.1285898).
-
13)
-
12. Zhu, G., Yang, R., Wang, S., et al: ‘Flexible high-output nanogenerator based on lateral ZnO nanowire array’, Nano Lett., 2010, 10, pp. 3151–3155 (doi: 10.1021/nl101973h).
-
14)
-
7. Beeby, S.P., Torah, R.N., Tudor, M.J.: ‘A micro electromagnetic generator for vibration energy harvesting’, J. Micromech. Microeng., 2007, 17, p. 1257 (doi: 10.1088/0960-1317/17/7/007).
-
15)
-
5. Uchino, K.: ‘Ferroelectric devices’ (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000).
-
16)
-
23. Yamada, T., Ueda, T., Kitayama, T.: ‘Piezoelectricity of a high-content lead zirconate titanate/polymer composite’, J. Appl. Phys., 1982, 53, (6), p. 4328 (doi: 10.1063/1.331211).
-
17)
-
10. Shalumon, K.T., Anulekha, K.H., Nair Sreeja, V., et al: ‘Sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol)/nano ZnO composite nanofibers for antibacterial wound dressings’, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2011, 49, pp. 247–254 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.005).
-
18)
-
19. Hertz, H.: ‘On the contact of elastic solids’, J. Reine. Angew. Math., 1881, 92, pp. 156–171.
-
19)
-
22. Martins, P., Lopes, A.C., Lanceros-Mendez, S.: ‘Electroactive phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride): determination, processing and applications’, Prog. Polym. Sci., 2014, 39, (4), pp. 683–706 (doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.006).
-
20)
-
4. Whatmore, R.W.: ‘Pyroelectric ceramics and devices for thermal infra-red detection and imaging’, Ferroelectrics, 1991, 118, pp. 241–259 (doi: 10.1080/00150199108014764).
-
21)
-
13. Hu, Y., Lin, L., Zhang, Y., et al: ‘Replacing a battery by a nanogenerator with 20 V output’, Adv. Mater., 2012, 24, pp. 110–114 (doi: 10.1002/adma.201103727).
-
22)
-
16. Greene, L.E., Law, M., Goldberger, J., et al: ‘Low-temperature wafer-scale production of ZnO nanowire arrays’, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2003, 42, pp. 3031–3034 (doi: 10.1002/anie.200351461).
-
23)
-
17. Gregorio, R., Cestari, M.: ‘Effect of crystallization temperature on the crystalline phase content and morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride)’, J. Polym. Sci. B. Polym. Phys., 1994, 32, pp. 859–870 (doi: 10.1002/polb.1994.090320509).
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2018.0148
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2018.0148
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6