© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Death from overwork and severe accidents caused by mental fatigue and sleepiness are becoming one of the more pressing social problems of developed countries. Such mental fatigue and sleepiness often comes from declines and/or changes in wakefulness in our daily life. Recently, numerous researchers have focused on possible ways of utilising physiological signals to deduce alertness; however, the characteristic behaviours that can be used to deduce wakefulness are difficult to measure. To better understand the indices of change in wakefulness states, the authors fabricated a micro-optical sensor system that can measure physiological signals from eye and eyelid conditions without imposing stress on the user. Using the newly fabricated micro-optical sensor system, they have found and reproduced characteristic blink behaviours that are indicative of changes in a person's wakefulness. Herein, new indices are proposed that have potential for use in fatigue evaluation tests. The experimental results demonstrate that the sensor system can detect declines in and/or changes in wakefulness that indicate mental fatigue and sleepiness.
References
-
-
1)
-
2. Muratsubaki, T., Hattori, T., Li, J., et al: ‘Relationship between job stress and hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia of Chinese workers in Shanghai: The Rosai Karoshi study’, Chin. Med. J. (Engl)., 2016, 129, (20), pp. 2409–2415 (doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.191750).
-
2)
-
17. Grunberg, S.M., Groshen, S., Steingass, S., et al: ‘Comparison of conditional quality of life terminology and visual analogue scale measurements’, Qual. Life Res., 1996, 5, (1), pp. 65–72 (doi: 10.1007/BF00435970).
-
3)
-
16. Nishigawa, K., Suzuki, Y., Matsuka, Y.: ‘Masticatory performance alters stress relief effect of gum chewing’, J. Prosthodont. Res., 2015, 59, (4), pp. 262–267 (doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2015.07.004).
-
4)
-
13. Sugimoto, D., Takano, H., Nakamura, K.: ‘Analysis of blink characteristics for sleepiness estimation’, IEICE Tech. report. ME bio Cybern., 2014, 114, (51), pp. 49–52.
-
5)
-
6. Binsch, O., Wabeke, T., Valk, P.: ‘Comparison of three different physiological wristband sensor systems and their applicability for resilience- and work load monitoring’. 2016 IEEE 13th Int. Conf. on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN), 2016, pp. 272–276.
-
6)
-
1. Jang, T.-W., et al: ‘Overwork and cerebrocardiovascular disease in Korean adult workers’, J. Occup. Health, 2015, 57, (1), pp. 51–57 (doi: 10.1539/joh.14-0086-OA).
-
7)
-
11. Adler, F.H., Moses, R.A., Hart, W.M.: ‘Adler's physiology of the eye: clinical application’, 1987.
-
8)
-
8. Sampei, K., Ogawa, M., Torres, C., et al: ‘Mental fatigue monitoring using a wearable transparent eye detection system’, Micromachines, 2016, 7, (2), p. 20 (doi: 10.3390/mi7020020).
-
9)
-
9. Hiraoka, M.: ‘Neural Mechanisms involved in the reflex blink, and the clinical application of the reflex’, Equilib. Res., 1982, 41, (2), pp. 290–297 (doi: 10.3757/jser.41.290).
-
10)
-
4. Egelund, N.: ‘Spectral analysis of heart rate variability as an indicator of driver fatigue’, Ergonomics, 1982, 25, (7), pp. 663–672 (doi: 10.1080/00140138208925026).
-
11)
-
14. Ozawa, M., Sampei, K., Cortes, C., et al: ‘Wearable line-of-sight detection system using micro-fabricated transparent optical sensors on eyeglasses’, Sens. Actuators A Phys., 2014, 205, pp. 208–214 (doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2013.11.028).
-
12)
-
7. Vidal, M., Turner, J., Bulling, A., et al: ‘Wearable eye tracking for mental health monitoring’, Comput. Commun., 2012, 35, (11), pp. 1306–1311 (doi: 10.1016/j.comcom.2011.11.002).
-
13)
-
5. Al-Shargie, F., Kiguchi, M., Badruddin, N., et al: ‘Mental stress assessment using simultaneous measurement of EEG and fNIRS’, Biomed. Opt. Express, 2016, 7, (10), pp. 3882–3898 (doi: 10.1364/BOE.7.003882).
-
14)
-
3. Hoshuyama, T.: ‘Overwork and its health effects-current status and future approach regarding Karoshi’, Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi, 2003, 45, (5), pp. 187–193 (doi: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.45.187).
-
15)
-
10. Sato, H., Abe, K., Ohi, S., et al: ‘A calibration method for blink type classification’, Electron. Commun. Japan, 2016, 99, (6), pp. 65–73 (doi: 10.1002/ecj.11854).
-
16)
-
12. Giannakakis, G., et al: ‘Stress and anxiety detection using facial cues from videos’, Biomed. Signal Process. Control, 2017, 31, pp. 89–101 (doi: 10.1016/j.bspc.2016.06.020).
-
17)
-
15. Hosaka, R., Watanabe, A.: ‘An approach to the evaluation of arousal level by blinking interval analysis’, Japanese J. Ergon., 1983, 19, (3), pp. 161–167.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2017.0136
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/mnl.2017.0136
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6