Zigzag configurations of hafnium carbide nanowires synthesised by chemical vapour deposition below the eutectic temperature

Song Tian; Zhongtian Liang; Zitian Cai; Yulei Zhang; Xinfa Qiang; Shouyang Zhang; Hejun Li

Zigzag configurations of hafnium carbide nanowires synthesised by chemical vapour deposition below the eutectic temperature

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Author(s): Song Tian^{1, 2} ; Zhongtian Liang¹ ; Zitian Cai¹ ; Yulei Zhang² ; Xinfa Qiang^{2, 3} ; Shouyang Zhang² ; Hejun Li²
- Affiliations: 1: School of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing Jiaotong University , Chongqing 400074 , People's Republic of China ;
  2: State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072 , People's Republic of China ;
  3: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology , Nanjing Institute of Technology , Nanjing 211167 , People's Republic of China
Source: Volume 12, Issue 9, September 2017, p. 664 – 666
DOI: 10.1049/mnl.2017.0034 , Online ISSN 1750-0443

Received 23/01/2017, Accepted 20/04/2017, Revised 06/04/2017, Published 01/09/2017

Hafnium carbide nanowires were synthesised by a Ni-catalysed vacuum chemical vapour deposition method below the eutectic temperature of the Ni–C–Hf alloy. The zigzag growth behaviour of the hafnium carbide nanowires resulting from metastable growth was investigated by transmission electron microscopy in order to understand the sub-eutectic growth. Three typical zigzag configurations at joint angles of ∼125°, 45°, and 90° can be observed from the synthesised nanowires, where the structure with an angle of ∼125° is the most common, formed via a change in the growth direction from $[ 2 ¯ 1 1 ¯ ]$ to $[ 01 1 ¯ ]$ , or vice versa. The 45° zigzag structure is the second most common and is formed by alternating the axial direction three times between 〈011〉 and 〈001〉. The number of the zigzag structures with a 90° angle is the most rare among the three types and is formed by the change in growth direction between two energy-equal directions, from $[ 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 0 ]$ to $[ 1 1 ¯ 0 ]$ . Although alternating the growth direction brings about the zigzag geometry, the zigzag structured hafnium carbide nanowires have a single-crystal structure. In addition, the surface energies of the crystal planes play an important role in the growth of the hafnium carbide zigzag nanowires.

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Zigzag configurations of hafnium carbide nanowires synthesised by chemical vapour deposition below the eutectic temperature

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