To obtain a higher angle resolution of multiple-in multiple-out high-frequency surface wave radar (MIMO HFSWR) for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation with a limited number of antenna sensors, multiple working frequencies are proposed to enlarge the aperture of the virtual array of the MIMO HFSWR. The scenario that all targets have the identical reflection at all working frequencies is studied, which permits the abstraction of a virtual received data vector by using all frequencies. This virtual data vector can be taken as the measurement of a virtual non-uniform linear array (VNLA) with a single reference working frequency. To extend the sparse and parametric approach (SPA) to the VNLA for DOA estimation, the manifold separation technique is utilised to decompose the array steering vector of the VNLA into two different parts, one is a characteristic matrix that is related to the array itself. The other is a Vandermonde vector that contains the DOAs of the targets. Then the authors use the Vandermonde structure to develop a SPA-liked method for the DOA estimation. Simulation results are provided to confirm the validity of the proposed method.

References

1. 1)
  - 5. Elad, M.: ‘Optimized projections for compressed sensing’, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 2007, 55, pp. 5695–5702.
2. 2)
  - 10. Belloni, F., Richter, A., Koivunen, V.: ‘DOA estimation via manifold separation for arbitrary array structures’, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 2007, 55, pp. 4800–4810.
3. 3)
  - 7. Pal, P., Vaidyanathan, P.P.: ‘A grid-less approach to underdetermined direction of arrival estimation via low rank matrix denoising’, IEEE Signal Process. Lett., 2014, 21, pp. 737–741.
4. 4)
  - 8. Yang, Z., Xie, L., Zhang, C.: ‘A discretization-free sparse and parametric approach for linear array signal processing’, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 2014, 62, pp. 4959–4973.
5. 5)
  - 3. Liu, A., Yang, Q., Deng, W.: ‘DOA estimation with compressing sensing based array interpolation technique in multi-carrier frequency MIMO HFSWR’. 2017 IEEE Radar Conf., Seattle, WA, USA, May 2017, pp. 581–585.
6. 6)
  - 2. Yang, Q., Liu, A.: ‘Beamforming technique based on nonuniform signal recovering algorithm in multi-carrier frequency MIMO HF radar’. 2014 IEEE Radar Conf., Cincinnati, OH, USA, May 2014, pp. 945–949.
7. 7)
  - 4. Tuncer, T.E., Yasar, T.K., Friedlander, B.: ‘Direction of arrival estimation for nonuniform linear arrays by using array interpolation’, Radio Sci., 2007, 42, pp. 1–11.
8. 8)
  - 6. Tropp, J.A., Gilbert, A.C.: ‘Signal recovery from random measurements via orthogonal matching pursuit’, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 2007, 53, pp. 4655–4666.
9. 9)
  - 1. Fickenscher, T., Gupta, A.: ‘Element-space spatially waveform diverse FMCW radar distributed on naval formation’. Microwave Conf. (GeMIC), Cottbus, Germany, March 2011, pp. 1–4.
10. 10)
  - 9. Yang, Z., Li, J., Stoica, P., et al: ‘Sparse methods for direction-of-arrival estimation’, In Academic Press Library in Signal Processing, 2018, 7, pp. 509–581.
11. 11)
  - 11. Belloni, F., Richter, A., Koivunen, V.: ‘Extension of root-MUSIC to non-ULA array configurations’. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IV, Processing: Signal Processing for Communication, Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing, Toulouse, France, 2006, pp. 897–900.

DOA estimation with extended sparse and parametric approach in multi-carrier MIMO HFSWR

References

Related content