This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
Most issue for a large-scale photovoltaic (PV) array shows an average loss of ∼20–25% in power generation yield due to partial shadow. Under partially shaded conditions, a PV array gets more complex characteristics. However, it is very difficult to understand and predict them since PV module has non-linear characteristic and it is also utterly necessary for one to extract the maximum possible power. This study presents the partial shading analysis and simulation approach to unveil the significant basic rules for estimating performances of a large-scale PV array. By using the macro-model and simplified parameter estimation formulas of the PV module proposed in part I, this study has made the following contributions: (i) basic and general shading patterns of PV string and array are proposed to unveil the basic rules, such as the count of maximum power points (MPP), magnitude of the global MPP, overall shape of V–I and V–P curves, and so on. (ii) The optimising configuration-simulation model are developed for a distributed PV system designed to optimise PV array configuration under a given shaded patterns. By using a Dell compatible personal computer to run Psim programs, it takes ∼15 minims to get the V–I and V–P curves of a partially shaded PV array with 1050 commercial PV modules. Furthermore, this study attempts to provide a simulation tool to study the behaviours of a complete PV system since the Psim-based models conveniently interface with the models of power electronic circuit.
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