The restoration of large electrical power systems after a blackout is often a challenging task. A typical restoration process includes the partitioning of the power systems into subsystems and the successive booting of large non-black start (NBS) units by black start (BS) units. A proper partitioning of the starting zone can reduce the restoration time significantly.

This paper investigates a novel network partitioning algorithm to improve the restoration time and ratio of generation and load in each subsystem. The proposed algorithm consists of three stages. In the first stage, the number of subsystems is determined by the number of available BS units and their electrical distance. In the second stage, NBS units are assigned to each subsystem in the way that the rebooting time difference among subsystems is minimised. In the third stage, the substations are assigned to one of the subsystems to achieve the optimal ratio of generation and load in each subsystem.

With the proposed algorithm, the switching transient and steady-state over-voltages at the receiving end of unload lines are kept within acceptable ranges and the self-excitation phenomenon does not occur in the subsystems. Furthermore, the start-up sequence of NBS units in each subsystem is determined simultaneously. The proposed algorithm is flexible and can be adjusted very easily according to the real status of the power system. The validity and performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulations using a New England 39 Nodes network and a real network from south China.

References

1. 1)
  - 15. Fukuyama, Y.: ‘Parallel genetic algorithm for service restoration in electric power distribution systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1996, 18, (2), pp. 111–119.
2. 2)
  - 14. Teo, C.Y., Wei, S.: ‘Development of an interactive rule-based system for bulk power system restoration’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2000, 15, (2), pp. 646–653 (doi: 10.1109/59.867154).
3. 3)
  - 21. Hao, C.S., Qiu, W.Z., Wei, C.J., et al: ‘Research on limiting switching overvoltage by multistage closing resistors in 1000 kv transmission lines (in chinese)’, Power Syst. Technol., 2006, 30, pp. 10–14.
4. 4)
  - 29. Liu, C.C., Liou, K.L., Chu, R.F., et al: ‘Generation capability dispatch for bulk power system restoration: a knowledge-based approach report’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1993, 8, (1), pp. 316–325 (doi: 10.1109/59.221225).
5. 5)
  - 19. Chong, W., Vijia, V.: ‘OBDD-based sectionalizing strategies for parallel power system restoration’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2011, 26, (3), pp. 1426–1433 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2074216).
6. 6)
  - 7. Nielson, E.K., Adibi, M.M., Barrie, O., et al: ‘System operations challenges’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1988, 3, (1), pp. 118–126 (doi: 10.1109/59.43189).
7. 7)
  - 18. Pham, H., Besanger, Y.: ‘A new restoration process following a blackout in a power system with large scale of dispersed generation’. IEEE PES T&D, 2005.
8. 8)
  - 3. Fink, L.H., Liou, K.L., Liu, C.C.: ‘From generic restoration actions to specific restoration strategies’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1995, 10, (2), pp. 745–752 (doi: 10.1109/59.387912).
9. 9)
  - 6. Ancona, J.J.: ‘A framework for power system restoration following a major power failure’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1995, 10, (3), pp. 1480–1485 (doi: 10.1109/59.466500).
10. 10)
  - 1. Adibi, M.M., Clelland, P., Fink, L., et al: ‘Power system restoration – a task force report’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1987, 2, (2), pp. 271–277 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.1987.4335118).
11. 11)
  - 24. Liang, H.P., Chen, G.R.: ‘Simulation research of generators self-excitation in black-start of power grid’, Hebei Electric Power, 2007, 29, (5), pp. 10–15(in Chinese).
12. 12)
  - 3. Power Systems Engineering Research Center: ‘Selected information about the July 31 blackout in India affecting the northern and eastern regions’ (Arizona State University, 2012).
13. 13)
  - 2. Adibi, M.M., Borkoski, J.N., Kafka, R.J.: ‘Power system restoration – the second task force report’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1987, 2, (4), pp. 927–932 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.1987.4335278).
14. 14)
  - 2. Michael Bruch, M.A., Muench, V.: ‘Power blackout risks’ (Allianz, 2011).
15. 15)
  - 1. New York Independent System Operator: ‘Interim report on the August 14, 2003 Blackout’. Harvard Kennedy School, 2004.
16. 16)
  - 22. Machowski, J., Bialek, J.W., Bumby, J.R.: ‘Power system dynamics: stability and control’ (Jo, 2008).
17. 17)
  - 25. Shen, C., Kaufmann, P., Braun, M.: ‘Optimizing the generator start-up sequence after a power system blackout’. Proc. IEEE PES General Meeting, 2014.
18. 18)
  - 16. Hsiao, Y.T., Chien, C.Y.: ‘Enhancement of restoration service in distribution systems using a combination fuzzy-GA method’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2000, 15, (4), pp. 1394–1400 (doi: 10.1109/59.898118).
19. 19)
  - 9. Adibi, M.M., Fink, L.H.: ‘Power system restoration planning’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1994, 9, (1), pp. 22–28 (doi: 10.1109/59.317561).
20. 20)
  - 20. Sarmadi, S., Dobakhshari, A.: ‘A sectionalizing method in power system restoration based on WAMS’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2011, 2, (1), pp. 190–197 (doi: 10.1109/TSG.2011.2105510).
21. 21)
  - 26. Chong, W., Vijia, V.: ‘Fuzzy logic with engineering applications’ (John Wiley & Sons, 2010).
22. 22)
  - 23. Wei Xue, Z.Y.: ‘Self-excitation criterion in black-start and its simulation (in chinese)’, J. China Three Gorges Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 2005, 27, pp. 201–204.
23. 23)
  - 13. Sakaguchi, T., Matsumoto, K.: ‘Development of a knowledge based system for power system restoration’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1983, 102, (2), pp. 320–329 (doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1983.317770).
24. 24)
  - 8. Kojima, Y., Warashina, S., Nakamura, S., et al: ‘Development of a guidance method for power system restoration’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1989, 4, (3), pp. 1219–1227 (doi: 10.1109/59.32620).
25. 25)
  - 11. Kojima, Y., Warashina, S., Kato, M., et al: ‘The development of power system restoration method for a bulk power system by applying knowledge engineering techniques’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1989, 4, (3), pp. 1228–1235 (doi: 10.1109/59.32621).
26. 26)
  - 17. Wei, S., Chen-Ching, L., Shanshan, L.: ‘Black start capability assessment in power system restoration’. Proc. IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, July 2011.
27. 27)
  - 27. Nadira, J., Naida, A., Arslanagic, E., et al: ‘Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm serial and parallel execution performance analysis’. 2012 Proc. of the 35th Int. Convention, 2012.

Fast network restoration by partitioning of parallel black start zones

References

Related content