Achieving higher system reliability using market-based approaches is a contemporary issue that has been attracting a great deal of attention in the emerging deregulated electricity-market structure. The paper presents a methodology for the modelling and evaluation of interruptible-load programmes to tackle this issue. The interruptible-load programme is formulated as an equivalent price-based generating resource with a random outage effect, and is thus incorporated in a probabilistic production simulation of a system. The interdependence between the electricity spot-market price and the equivalent generating-resource parameters is addressed and solved by an iterative co-ordinating algorithm. The proposed approach is capable of achieving comprehensive evaluations and systematic decision making for the interruptible load programme in electricity-market operation. A numerical-case-study example is presented to illustrate the validity of the method. The results reveal that interruptible-load programmes can serve effectively as a market-based tool to achieve a proper balance between generation-capacity reliability and economics in the competitive electricity markets.
References
-
-
1)
-
M.B. Rosenzweig ,
H. Fraser ,
J. Falk ,
S. P. Voll
.
Market power and demand responsiveness: letting customers protect themselves.
Elect. J.
,
4 ,
11 -
23
-
2)
-
F.R. Shih ,
M. Mazumdar
.
An analytical formula for the mean and variance of marginal costs for a power generation system.
IEEE Trans.
,
3 ,
731 -
737
-
3)
-
D.S. Kirschen
.
Demand-side view of electricity markets.
IEEE Trans.
,
2 ,
520 -
526
-
4)
-
A.S. Malik
.
Simulation of DSM resources as generating unit in probabilistic production costing framework.
IEEE Trans.
,
4 ,
1528 -
1533
-
5)
-
M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad ,
R. Billinton
.
Impact of load management on composite system reliability evaluation short-term operating benefits.
IEEE Trans.
,
2 ,
858 -
864
-
6)
-
M. Fahrioglu ,
F.L. Alvarado
.
Designing incentive compatible contracts for effective demand management.
IEEE Trans.
,
4 ,
1255 -
1260
-
7)
-
R.N. Boisvert ,
P.A. Cappers ,
B. Neenan
.
The benefits of customer participation in wholesale electricity markets.
Elect. J.
,
3 ,
41 -
51
-
8)
-
T.W. Gedra ,
P.P. Varaiya
.
Markets and pricing for interruptible electric power.
IEEE Trans.
,
1 ,
122 -
128
-
9)
-
Valenzuela, J., Mazumdar, M.: `On the computation of the probability distribution of the spot market price in a deregulated electricity market', Proc. 22nd IEEE PES Int. Conf. Power Industry Computer Application, May 2001, Sydney, Australia, p. 268–271.
-
10)
-
D.L. Moss
.
Competition or reliability in electricity? What the coming policy shift means for restructuring.
Elect. J.
,
2 ,
11 -
28
-
11)
-
F. Schweppe ,
M. Caramanis ,
R. Tabors ,
R. Bohn
.
(1988)
Spot pricing of electricity.
-
12)
-
D. Sutanto ,
H.R. Outhred ,
Y.B. Lee
.
Probabilistic power system production cost and reliability calculation by the Z-transform method.
IEEE Trans.
,
4 ,
559 -
565
-
13)
-
S. Oren
.
Integrating real and financial options in demand-side electricity contracts.
Decis. Support Syst.
,
3 ,
279 -
288
-
14)
-
M. O'Sheasy
.
Demand response: not just rhetoric, it can truly be the silver bullet.
Elect. J.
,
10 ,
48 -
60
-
15)
-
L.A. Tuan ,
K. Bhattacharya
.
Competitive framework for procurement of interruptible load services.
IEEE Trans.
,
2 ,
889 -
897
-
16)
-
M. Fahrioglu ,
F.L. Alvarado
.
Using utility information to calibrate customer demand management behavior models.
IEEE Trans.
,
2 ,
317 -
322
-
17)
-
T.S. Chung ,
S.H. Zhang ,
C.W. Yu ,
K.P. Wong
.
Electricity market risk management using forward contracts with bilateral options.
IEE Proc. Gener. Transm. Distrib.
,
5 ,
588 -
594
-
18)
-
E. Lieb-Doczy ,
A. Borner ,
G. MacKerron
.
Who secures the security of supply? European perspectives on security, competition, and liability.
Elect. J.
,
10 ,
10 -
19
-
19)
-
G. Strbac ,
E.D. Farmer ,
G.J. Cory
.
Framework for the incorporation of demand side in a competitive electricity market.
IEE Proc. C.
,
3 ,
232 -
237
-
20)
-
S.H. Zhang ,
Y.Z. Li
.
Concise method for evaluating probability distribution of marginal cost of power generation.
IEE Proc.-Gener. Transm. Distrib.
,
3 ,
137 -
142
-
21)
-
H. Chen ,
R. Billinton
.
Interruptible load analysis using sequential Monte Carlo simulation.
IEE Proc.-Gener. Transm. Distrib.
,
6 ,
535 -
539
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/ip-gtd_20045138
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/ip-gtd_20045138
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6