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access icon free Contingency constrained phasor measurement units placement with n − k redundancy criterion: a robust optimisation approach

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 12/04/2017, Accepted 27/09/2017, Revised 11/09/2017, Published 03/10/2017

This study presents a novel approach for the contingency constrained phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement. The proposed approach is based on n − k redundancy criterion using robust optimisation. This security criterion ensures observability of the network under any contingency state, containing the loss of up to k PMUs. In the proposed method, the effects of zero injection and power flow measurements as well as possible contingency states (such as branch outage and single or multiple PMU loss) are considered. The non-linear modelling of observability function for measurements is reformulated by linearisation process. The resulting bi-level programming model is solved by its evolution to an equivalent single-level mixed-integer programming problem. The objective function of the optimal PMU placement is aimed at minimising the number of PMUs in a way that guarantees economic goals and the observability of all network buses. The advantage of this model is to significantly reduce the computational burden compared with other methods. The proposed method is tested on modified 7-bus test network, 118- and 2383-bus IEEE test networks. The results of the case studies clearly demonstrate the simplicity and efficiency of the proposed robust optimisation method in different cases.

Inspec keywords: load flow; nonlinear programming; power measurement; integer programming; power system security; linearisation techniques; flow measurement; phasor measurement; redundancy

Other keywords: modified 7-bus test network; contingency constrained phasor measurement unit placement; power flow measurement; PMU; zero injection effect; observability function; equivalent single-level mixed-integer programming problem; security criterion; branch outage; modified 2383-bus IEEE test network; nonlinear modelling; bilevel programming model; modified 118-bus IEEE test network; linearisation process; n-k redundancy criterion; optimisation approach

Subjects: Optimisation techniques; Power and energy measurement; Power system control; Reliability; Power system measurement and metering; Level, flow and volume measurement

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