© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
A 24-GHz patch array antenna with integrated feeding network has been fabricated exploiting a multi-layer cellulose-based (i.e. paper) substrate. The adopted microstrip circuitry exploits a copper adhesive laminate that is shaped by a photo-lithographic process and transferred to the hosting substrate using a sacrificial layer. The multi-layer structure is obtained by stacking and gluing two layers of photo-paper with an interposed copper ground plane. The measurements show an input reflection coefficient of about −29 dB at the centre frequency, an operating bandwidth with S 11 ⩽ −20 dB of 540 MHz and a gain of 7.4 dBi. The estimated radiation efficiency is 35%. The proposed design shows the feasibility of low-cost antenna systems for green wireless internet technology and applications up to the boundary between microwaves and millimetre-waves.
References
-
-
1)
-
6. Kim, S., Georgiadis, A., Collado, A., Tentzeris, M.: ‘An inkjet-printed solar-powered wireless beacon on paper for identification and wireless power transmission applications’, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., 2012, 60, (12), pp. 4178–4186 (doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2222922).
-
2)
-
3)
-
24. Balanis, C.: ‘Antenna theory, analysis and design’ (John Wiley & Sons Inc., Publications, 2005, 3rd edn.).
-
4)
-
28. Anagnostou, D.E., Gheethan, A., Amert, A.K., Whites, K.W.: ‘A direct-write printed antenna on paper-based organic substrate for flexible displays and WLAN applications’, J. Display Technol., 2010, 6, (11), pp. 558–564 (doi: 10.1109/JDT.2010.2045474).
-
5)
-
6)
-
15. Dierck, A., Rogier, H., Declercq, F.: ‘A wearable active antenna for global positioning system and satellite phone’, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2013, 61, (2), pp. 532–538 (doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2223441).
-
7)
-
3. Alimenti, F., Mezzanotte, P., Tasselli, G., Battistini, A., Palazzari, V., Roselli, L.: ‘Development of low-cost 24-GHz circuits exploiting system-in-package SiP approach and commercial PCB technology’, IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol., 2012, 2, (8), pp. 1265–1274 (doi: 10.1109/TCPMT.2012.2184111).
-
8)
-
29. Abutarboush, H.F., Shamim, A.: ‘Paper-based inkjet-printed tri-band u-slot monopole antenna for wireless applications’, IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2012, 11, pp. 1234–1237 (doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2223751).
-
9)
-
1. Wargo, J.: Unlicensed 24 GHz point to point wireless backhaul option, 2010 May. .
-
10)
-
11. Elfergani, I., Hussaini, A., Rodriguez, J., See, C., Abd-Alhameed, R.: ‘Wideband tunable PIFA antenna with loaded slot structure for mobile handset and LTE applications’, Radioengineering, 2014, 23, (1), pp. 345–355.
-
11)
-
19. Alimenti, F., Mariotti, C., Mezzanotte, P., Dionigi, M., Virili, M., Roselli, L.: ‘A 1.2 V, 0.9 mW UHF VCO based on hairpin resonator in paper substrate and Cu adhesive tape’, IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., 2013, 23, (4), pp. 214–216 (doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2013.2251461).
-
12)
-
17. Vanveerdeghem, P., Torre, P.V., Stevens, C., Knockaert, J., Rogier, H.: ‘Flexible dual-diversity wearable wireless node integrated on a dual-polarised textile patch antenna’, IET Sci. Meas. Technol., 2014, .
-
13)
-
22. Alimenti, F., Mezzanotte, P., Dionigi, M., Virili, M., Roselli, L.: ‘Microwave circuits in paper substrates exploiting conductive adhesive tapes’, IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., 2012, 22, (12), pp. 660–662 (doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2012.2227141).
-
14)
-
15)
-
L. Yang ,
A. Rida ,
R. Vyas ,
M.M. Tentzeris
.
RFID tag and RF structures on a paper substrate using inkjet-printing technology.
IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
,
12 ,
2894 -
2901
-
16)
-
17)
-
23. Catarinucci, L., Colella, R., Tarricone, L.: ‘Smart prototyping techniques for UHF RFID tags: electromagnetic characterization and comparison with traditional approaches’, Progr. Electromagn. Res., 2012, 132, pp. 91–111 (doi: 10.2528/PIER12080708).
-
18)
-
B.S. Cook ,
A. Shamim
.
Inkjet printing of novel wideband and high gain antennas on low-cost paper substrate.
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
,
9 ,
4148 -
4156
-
19)
-
20. Alimenti, F., Mezzanotte, P., Giacomucci, S., et al: ‘24-GHz single-balanced diode mixer exploiting cellulose-based materials’, IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., 2013, 23, (11), pp. 596–598 (doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2013.2279125).
-
20)
-
11. Zito, D., Pepe, D., Mincica, M., et al: ‘SoC CMOS UWB pulse radar sensor for contactless respiratory rate monitoring’, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., 2011, 5, (6), pp. 503–510 (doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2011.2176937).
-
21)
-
21. Orecchini, G., Palazzari, V., Rida, A., Alimenti, F., Tentzeris, M.M., Roselli, L.: ‘Design and fabrication of ultra-low cost radio frequency identification antennas and tags exploiting paper substrates and inkjet printing technology’, IET Microw. Antennas Propag., 2011, 5, (8), pp. 993–1001 (doi: 10.1049/iet-map.2010.0344).
-
22)
-
16. Cook, B., Tehrani, B., Cooper, J., Tentzeris, M.: ‘Multilayer inkjet printing of millimeter-wave proximity-fed patch arrays on flexible substrates’, IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2013, 12, pp. 1351–1354 (doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2013.2286003).
-
23)
-
30. Abutarboush, H., Shamim, A.: ‘Conformal and green electronics: a wideband inkjet printed antenna on paper substrate’. Seventh European Conf. on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Gothenburg (SE), April 2013, pp. 3099–3102.
-
24)
-
25. Alì, W., Al-Charchafchi, S.: ‘Using equivalent dielectric constant to simplify the analysis of patch microstrip antenna with multi-layer substrates’. IEEE Int. Symp. of the Antennas and Propagation Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, June 1998, pp. 676–679.
-
25)
-
4. Ercoli, M., Dragomirescu, D., Plana, R.: ‘Reduced size high performance transformer balun at 60 GHz in CMOS 65 nm technology’, Microelectron. J., 2012, 43, (11), pp. 737–744 (doi: 10.1016/j.mejo.2012.07.010).
-
26)
-
7. Alimenti, F., Roselli, L.: ‘Theory of zero-power RFID sensors based on harmonic generation and orthogonally polarized antennas’, Progr. Electromagn. Res., 2013, 134, pp. 337–357 (doi: 10.2528/PIER12090103).
-
27)
-
10. Elfergani, I., Sadeghpour, T., Abd-Alhameed, R., et al: ‘Reconfigurable antenna design for mobile handsets including harmonic radiation measurements’, IET Microw. Antennas Propag., 2012, 6, (9), pp. 990–999 (doi: 10.1049/iet-map.2012.0063).
-
28)
-
12. Alimenti, F., Virili, M., Mezzanotte, P., et al: ‘A RF-MEMS based tunable matching network for 2.45-GHz discrete-resizing CMOS power amplifiers’, Radioengineering, 2014, 23, (1), pp. 328–337.
-
29)
-
J.A. Hagerty ,
F.B. Helmbrecht ,
W.H. Mccalpin ,
R. Zane ,
Z.B. Popovic
.
Recycling Ambient Microwave Energy with Broad-Band Rectenna Arrays.
IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
,
3 ,
1014 -
1024
-
30)
-
14. Jatlaoui, M.-M., Dragomirescu, D., Ercoli, M., et al: ‘Wireless communicating nodes at 60 GHz integrated on flexible substrate for short-distance instrumentation in aeronautics and space’, Int. J. Microw. Wirel. Technol., 2012, 4, pp. 109–117 (doi: 10.1017/S1759078711000961).
-
31)
-
8. Orecchini, G., Yang, L., Rida, A., Alimenti, F., Tentzeris, M.M., Roselli, L.: ‘Green technologies and RFID: present and future’, Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J., 2010, 25, (3), pp. 230–238.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-smt.2013.0279
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-smt.2013.0279
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6