access icon openaccess Agent-based system to control the air-conditioner and EV charging for residents in smart cities

This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)
Received 18/06/2019, Accepted 11/10/2019, Revised 27/09/2019, Published 17/10/2019

Air-conditioner (AC) accounts for a significant share of residential energy consumption. Considering the widespread rise in electric vehicle (EV) usage, its charging would also contribute a considerable percentage of consumer's total energy consumption. Consequently, the concurrent operation of AC and EV charging would result in peaky load curves. Hence, this study proposes a system of agents for AC and EV charging applications, which incorporates load-management strategies to flatten the load curve. Thereby, the presented system includes two agents, namely: a smart load node for a thermostatically controlled load (SLN-TCL) and a smart battery charge controller. Subsequently, a subagent, namely micro-node, has been introduced to support SLN-TCL and to implement the concept of distributed temperature sensing (DTS). The implementation of DTS subdues the conventional temperature sensing mechanism of AC and ensures a more flexible operation. This study includes the design, development, and features of agents and subagents for AC and EV applications. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates the agent-based control actions for peak-shaving under real conditions to showcase the performance of this system.

Inspec keywords: intelligent control; transport control; electric vehicle charging; thermal variables control; load management; temperature measurement; air conditioning; temperature sensors; smart cities

Other keywords: DTS; smart load node; agent-based control system; smart battery charge controller; AC control; smart cities; load-management strategies; EV charging applications; thermostatically controlled load; electric vehicle charging; SLN-TCL; peaky load curves; air-conditioner control; distributed temperature sensing mechanism; residential energy consumption

Subjects: Power system management, operation and economics; Transportation; Control of heat systems; Sensing devices and transducers; Transportation system control; Transducers and sensing devices; Control of electric power systems; Air conditioning; Thermal variables control; Thermal variables measurement

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