© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
The frequency diverse array multiple-input multiple-output (FDA-MIMO) radar provides range estimation capability by exploiting a small frequency offset across the transmit sensors, which has been utilised in numerous applications. However, the estimation performance is basically limited by the array geometry and signal bandwidth. In this study, the authors propose a new FDA-MIMO framework, i.e. the unfolded coprime array with ‘unfolded’ coprime frequency offsets (UCA-UCFO) framework, for joint angle and range estimation without ambiguity. The array aperture and signal bandwidth are obviously expanded by employing UCA in the spatial domain and frequency domain, which results in significantly enhanced estimation accuracy and resolution. In addition, we construct the joint angle and range estimation problem as a two-dimensional (2D)-multiple signal classification spatial spectrum and transform 2D total spectrum search into a 1D local spectrum search by introducing a successive iteration (SUIT) algorithm. The SUIT algorithm can significantly relieve the computational burden but without performance degradation. The Cramér–Rao bounds of angle and range are provided as a performance benchmark. The analysis and simulations have validated the superiority and advantages of the UCA-UCFO framework and SUIT algorithm with respect to location accuracy, resolution, and computational complexity.
References
-
-
1)
-
36. Qin, S., Zhang, Y.M., Amin, M.G.: ‘Frequency diverse coprime arrays with coprime frequency offsets for multitarget localization’, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process., 2017, 11, (2), pp. 321–335.
-
2)
-
12. Gao, K.D., Wang, W.Q., Cai, J.Y.: ‘Frequency diverse array and MIMO hybrid radar transmitter design via Cramer–Rao lower bound minimization’, IET Radar Sonar Navig., 2016, 10, (9), pp. 1660–1670.
-
3)
-
33. Gao, K.D., Wang, W.Q., Cai, J.Y., et al: ‘Decoupled frequency diverse array range–angle-dependent beampattern synthesis using non-linearly increasing frequency offsets’, IET Microwaves Antennas Propag., 2016, 10, (8), pp. 880–884.
-
4)
-
35. Chen, B., Zhang, Q.J., Bian, M.M., et al: ‘An improved adaptive received beamforming for nested frequency offset and nested array FDA-MIMO radar’, Sensors, 2018, 18, (2), pp. 520–531.
-
5)
-
18. Qin, S., Zhang, Y.M., Amin, M. G.: ‘DOA estimation of mixed coherent and uncorrelated targets exploiting coprime MIMO radar’, Digit. Signal Process., 2017, 61, pp. 26–34.
-
6)
-
8. Wang, X.P., Wang, L., Li, Z., et al: ‘Nuclear norm minimization framework for DOA estimation in MIMO radar’, Signal Process., 2017, 135, pp. 147–152.
-
7)
-
20. Zheng, W., Zhang, X.F., Xu, L., et al: ‘Unfolded coprime planar array for 2D direction of arrival estimation: an aperture-augmented perspective’, IEEE Access, 2018, 6, pp. 22744–22753.
-
8)
-
9. Wang, W.Q.: ‘Phased-MIMO radar with frequency diversity for range dependent beamforming’, IEEE Sens. J., 2013, 13, (4), pp. 1320–1328.
-
9)
-
21. Li, J.F., Jiang, D.F., Zhang, X.F., ‘DOA estimation based on combined unitary ESPRIT for coprime MIMO radar’, IEEE Commun. Lett., 2016, 21, (1), pp. 96–99.
-
10)
-
2. Ribas, D., Ridao, P., Neira, J.: ‘Underwater SLAM for structured environments using an imaging sonar’ (Springer, NY, USA, 2010, 1st edn.).
-
11)
-
28. Xiang, Z., Chen, B.X.: ‘Optimal frequency increment selection in frequency diverse multiple-input-multiple-output radar’, IET Proc., Radar Sonar Navig., 2016, 10, (8), pp. 1431–1438.
-
12)
-
34. Liu, Y.M., Ruan, H., Wang, L., et al: ‘The random frequency diverse array: a new antenna structure for uncoupled direction-range indication in active sensing’, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process., 2017, 11, (2), pp. 295–308.
-
13)
-
13. Wang, W.Q.: ‘Moving-target tracking by cognitive RF stealth radar using frequency diverse array antenna’, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 2016, 54, (7), pp. 3764–3773.
-
14)
-
37. Zhang, X.F., Xu, L.Y., Xu, L., et al: ‘Direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in MIMO radar with reduced-dimension MUSIC’, IEEE Commun. Lett., 2010, 14, (12), pp. 1161–1163.
-
15)
-
39. Li, B.B., Bai, W.X., Zheng, G.M.: ‘Successive ESPRIT algorithm for joint DOA-range-polarization estimation with polarization sensitive FDA-MIMO radar’, IEEE Access, 2018, 6, pp. 36376–36382.
-
16)
-
4. Gentile, C., Alsindi, N., Raulefs, R., et al: ‘Geolocation techniques: principles and applications’ (IEE Press Springer, NY, USA, 2012, 1st edn.).
-
17)
-
10. Sammartino, P.F., Baker, C.J., Griffiths, H.D.: ‘Frequency diverse MIMO techniques for radar’, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., 2013, 49, (1), pp. 201–222.
-
18)
-
22. Wang, W.Q., Zhu, C.L.: ‘Nested array receiver with time-delayers for joint target range and angle estimation’, IET Radar Sonar Navig., 2016, 10, (8), pp. 1384–1393.
-
19)
-
41. Zhou, C.W., Shi, Z.G., Gu, Y.J., et al: ‘DECOM: DOA estimation with combined MUSIC for coprime array’. IEEE Int. Conf. on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China, 2013, p. 15.
-
20)
-
25. Li, J., Stoica, P.: ‘MIMO radar with colocated antennas’, IEEE Signal Process. Mag., 2007, 24, (5), pp. 106–114.
-
21)
-
30. Wang, W.Q., So, H.C., Shao, H.Z.: ‘Nonuniform frequency diverse array for range-angle imaging of targets’, IEEE Sens. J., 2014, 14, (8), pp. 2469–2476.
-
22)
-
1. Skolnik, M.: ‘Radar handbook’ (McGraw-Hill, NY, USA, 2008, 3rd edn.).
-
23)
-
26. Zhang, C., Huang, H., Liao, B.: ‘Direction finding in MIMO radar with unknown mutual coupling’, IEEE Access, 2017, 5, pp. 4439–4447.
-
24)
-
24. Cao, R.Z., Zhang, X.F., Chen, W.Y.: ‘Compressed sensing parallel factor analysis-based joint angle and Doppler frequency estimation for monostatic multiple input multiple output radar’, IET Proc., Rad. Sonar Navig., 2014, 8, (6), pp. 597–606.
-
25)
-
31. Zhang, Y.M, Amin, M.G., Ahmad, F., et al: ‘DOA estimation using a sparse uniform linear array with two CW signals of co-prime frequencies’. IEEE Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing, Saint Martin, North America, 2013, pp. 404–407.
-
26)
-
40. Wu, Q.H., Sun, F.G., Lan, P., et al: ‘Two-dimensional direction-of-arrival estimation for co-prime planar arrays: a partial spectral search approach’, IEEE Sensors J., 2016, 16, (14), pp. 5660–5670.
-
27)
-
14. Xu, J.W., Liao, G.S., Zhu, S.Q., et al: ‘Joint range and angle estimation using MIMO radar with frequency diverse array’, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 2015, 63, (13), pp. 3396–3410.
-
28)
-
19. Qin, S., Zhang, Y.M., Amin, M. G.: ‘Generalized coprime array configurations for direction-of-arrival estimation’, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 2015, 63, (6), pp. 1377–1390.
-
29)
-
23. Li, J.F., Jiang, D.F.: ‘Low-complexity propagator based two dimensional angle estimation for coprime MIMO radar’, IEEE Access, 2018, 6, pp. 13931–13938.
-
30)
-
16. Wang, W.Q., Shao, H.Z.: ‘Range-angle localization of targets by a double pulse frequency diverse array radar’, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process., 2014, 8, (1), pp. 106–114.
-
31)
-
5. Wang, X.P., Wang, W., Liu, J., et al: ‘A sparse representation scheme for angle estimation in monostatic MIMO radar’, Signal Process., 2014, 104, pp. 258–263.
-
32)
-
38. Odendaal, J.W., Barnard, E., Pistorius, C.W.: ‘Two-dimensional super resolution radar imaging using the MUSIC algorithm’, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 1994, 42, (10), pp. 1386–1391.
-
33)
-
11. Wang, W.Q.: ‘Frequency diverse array antenna: new opportunities’, IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 2015, 57, (2), pp. 145–152.
-
34)
-
29. Khan, W., Qureshi, I.M., Basit, A., et al: ‘Range-bins-based MIMO frequency diverse array radar with logarithmic frequency offset’, IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2016, 15, pp. 885–888.
-
35)
-
17. Wang, W.Q., So, H. C.: ‘Transmit subaperturing for range and angle estimation in frequency diverse array radar’, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 2014, 62, (8), pp. 2000–2011.
-
36)
-
6. Wang, H., Wan, L., Dong, M., et al: ‘Assistant vehicle localization based on three collaborative base stations via SBL based robust DOA estimation’, IEEE Internet Things J., 2019, 6, (3), pp. 5766–5777.
-
37)
-
27. Li, J.F., Li, Y.X., Zhang, X.F.: ‘Direction of arrival estimation using combined coprime and nested array’, Electron. Lett., 2019, 55, (8), pp. 487–489.
-
38)
-
32. Shao, H.Z., Li, J.C., Chen, H., et al: ‘Adaptive frequency offset selection in frequency diverse array radar’, IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2014, 13, pp. 1405–1408.
-
39)
-
15. Gao, K.D, Shao, H.Z., Chen, H., et al: Impact of frequency increment errors on frequency diverse array MIMO in adaptive beamforming and target localization’, Digit. Signal Process., 2015, 44, (1), pp. 58–67.
-
40)
-
3. Mao, G., Fidan, B.: ‘Localization algorithms and strategies for wireless sensor networks’ (IGI Global, PA, USA, 2009, 1st edn.).
-
41)
-
7. Wang, X.P., Wan, L.T., Huang, M.X., et al: ‘Polarization channel estimation for circular and non-circular signals in massive MIMO systems’, IEEE. J. Sel. Top. Signal Process., 2019, 13, (5), pp. 1001–1016.
-
42)
-
42. Jie, X., Wang, W.Q., Gao, K.D.: ‘FDA-MIMO radar range angle estimation: CRLB, MSE, and resolution analysis’, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., 2018, 54, (4), pp. 284–294.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-rsn.2019.0479
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-rsn.2019.0479
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6