© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
In this study, an algorithm is presented to eliminate the ambiguity of the wind direction from the monostatic radar. The true wind direction can be obtained by comparing three angles that reflect the differences between wind direction and three adjacent radar beams. The correlation coefficient and the root-mean-square (RMS) error between the inversion data and the anemometer data are 0.67 and 49.8°, respectively. When the data whose wind speed is greater than the threshold 4.67 m/s are used, the correlation coefficient and the RMS error are 0.93 and 24.6°. Therefore, the effect of the wind speed threshold on the radar measurements should be put into consideration in the data processing. The results make clear that the algorithm can remove the ambiguity of the wind direction effectively, and authors can utilise the algorithm to estimate the wind direction.
References
-
-
1)
-
7. Wyatt, L.: ‘The measurement of the ocean wave directional spectrum from HF radar Doppler spectra’, Radio Sci., 1986, 21, (3), pp. 473–485 (doi: 10.1029/RS021i003p00473).
-
2)
-
1. Barrick, D.E.: ‘30 years of CMTC and CODAR’. Proc. IEEE/OES/CMTC Ninth Working Conf. on Current Measurement Technology, 2008, pp. 131–135.
-
3)
-
5. Barrick, D.E.: ‘Extraction of wave parameters from measured HF sea-echo Doppler spectra’, Radio Sci., 1977, 12, pp. 415–424 (doi: 10.1029/RS012i003p00415).
-
4)
-
15. Longuet-Higgins, M.S., Carwright, D.E., Smith, N.D.: ‘Observation of the directional spectrum of sea waves using method of a floating buoy, ocean wave spectra’. Proc. of a Conf., Easton, Maryland, 1963, pp. 111–136.
-
5)
-
4. Barrick, D.: ‘Remote sensing of sea state by radar’. OCEANS Conf. – OCEANS, 1972, pp. 186–192.
-
6)
-
K.W. Gurgel ,
G. Antonischki ,
H.H. Essen ,
T. Schlick
.
Wellen radar (WERA): a new ground-wave HF radar for ocean remote sensing.
J. Coastal Eng.
,
219 -
234
-
7)
-
16. Donelan, M., Hamilton, A.J., Hui, W.H.: ‘Directional spectra of wind generated waves’, Philos. Trans .R. Soc. London A., 1985, 315, pp. 509–562 (doi: 10.1098/rsta.1985.0054).
-
8)
-
18. Archer, M.: ‘WERA HF radar measurements of wind direction in the South Atlantic Bight’. BSc Ocean Science dissertation, PlymouthUniversity, 2008.
-
9)
-
17. Harlan, J.A., Georges, T.M.: ‘An empirical relationship between ocean surface wind direction and the Bragg line ratio of sea-echo spectra’, J. Geophys. Res. Ocean., 1994, 99, (C4), pp. 7971–7978 (doi: 10.1029/93JC03560).
-
10)
-
8. Howell, R., Walsh, J.: ‘Measurement of ocean wave spectra using narrow beam HF radar’, IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 1993, 18, pp. 296–305 (doi: 10.1109/JOE.1993.236368).
-
11)
-
10. Gurgel, K.W., Essen, H.H., Schlick, T.: ‘An empirical method to derive ocean waves from second-order Bragg scattering: prospects and limitations’, IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 2006, 31, (4), pp. 804–811 (doi: 10.1109/JOE.2006.886225).
-
12)
-
20. Heron, M.L., Rose, R.: ‘On the application of HF ocean radar to the observation of temporal and spatial changes in wind direction’, IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 1986, oe-11, (2), pp. 210–218 (doi: 10.1109/JOE.1986.1145173).
-
13)
-
7. Huang, W., Gill, E., Wu, S., Wen, B., Yang, Z., Hou, J.: ‘Measuring surface wind direction by monostatic HF ground – wave radar at the Eastern China sea’, IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., 2004, 29, (4), pp. 1032–1037 (doi: 10.1109/JOE.2004.834175).
-
14)
-
18. Lipa, B.J., Barrick, D.E.: ‘Extraction of sea state from HF radar sea echo: mathematical theory and modeling’, Radio Sci., 1986, 21, (1), pp. 81–100 (doi: 10.1029/RS021i001p00081).
-
15)
-
14. Wyatt, L.R.: ‘An evaluation of wave parameters measured using a single HF radar system’, Can. J. Remote Sens., 2002, 28, pp. 205–218 (doi: 10.5589/m02-018).
-
16)
-
9. Hisaki, Y.: ‘Nonlinear inversion of the integral equation to estimate ocean wave spectra from HF radar’, Radio Sci., 1996, 31, (1), pp. 25–29 (doi: 10.1029/95RS02439).
-
17)
-
11. Shen, W.: ‘An algorithm to derive wind speed and direction as well as ocean wave directional spectra from HF radar backscatter measurements based on neural network’. PhD dissertation, University of Hamburg, Germany, 2011.
-
18)
-
19. Savidge, D., Amft, J., Gargett, A., et al: ‘Assessment of WERA long-range HF-radar performance from the user's perspective’. CWTM IEEE/OES Tenth, 2011, pp. 31–38.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-rsn.2014.0367
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-rsn.2014.0367
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6